Passage APassage BReturn to MenuReturn to MenuUnit 5Unit 5 Passage A•Think About It•Read About It•Talk About It•Write About It 1. In what way do you usually learn English words? Do you often ask the native speakers to explain English words for you?Open.Reference: 2. How do you understand the German proverb “Whoever cares to learn will always find a teacher”?Anyone who is willing to learn will make use of every chance to learn something from others.Reference: 3. Do you think teaching is also learning? Why?Yes, because when we are asked to teach what we are supposed to know, things often turn out not as obvious as we thought it to be.Reference: Read About It•Language Points•Content Awareness•Language Focus Tongue-tiedSeveral weeks ago I was riding in a cab when the driver’s eyes caught mine in the rear view mirror and he said, “Excuse me, Miss? Can you help me?”As any hard-bitten city dweller knows, the correct answer to a question like “Can you help me?” should always be some version of “It depends.” I chirped, “Sure.”“Thank you,” he said. He passed a slip of yellow paper into the back seat.I stared at the paper, wondering. Was this a joke? A threat? Hand-printed on the paper in tiny block letters was this:proverbpeculiaridiomatic “Please,” he said. “What is the meaning of these words?”I stared at the words in the distressed way you might stare at party guests whose faces you’ve seen somewhere before but whose names have escaped your mind. Proverb? Peculiar? Idiomatic? How on earth should I know? It’s one thing to use a word, it’s another to explain it. I resorted to shifting the topic.“Where did you get these words?”The driver explained that he was Pakistani. He listened to the radio as he drove and often jotted down unfamiliar, fascinating words whose meanings and spellings he then sought from his passengers.“Peculiar,” he said. “What does this mean?”I could manage that one. “Strange,” I said. “Odd. Often with a hint of something suspicious.”“Thank you, Miss. And idiomatic?” I cleared my throat. “Um, it’s a, well, um. It involves a peculiar use of the language.”I thought my use of peculiar was kind of clever. He looked confused, a reminder that clever’s not clever if it doesn’t communicate.“Uh, let’s see. ‘Idiomatic’ is related to the word ‘idiom’. An idiom’s something that’s used in, say, a particular part of the country or by a particular group of people. People who aren’t part of that group aren’t likely to use it and might not understand it.”Watching his puzzled look, I did what a person often does when at a loss for the right words: I went on talking, as if a thousand vague words would add up to one accurate definition.“Can you give me an example?”I racked my brains. “Gapers block,” I said. A peculiar Chicago phrase. But did it really qualify as idiomatic? I had no idea because the longer I thought about idioms the less sure I was what they were.“And proverb?”I should have told the poor man right then that I might be misleading him down the proverbial path, whatever that really means, but instead I said, “I think a proverb is kind of like an aphorism. But not quite.”“A what?”“Never mind. A proverb is a condensed saying that teaches you a lesson.”“An example?”The meter clicked off a full 20 cents while I searched madly through my mind. “Haste makes waste?” I finally whimpered. But was that a proverb? Wait. Weren’t proverbs actually stories, not just phrases? While I was convincing myself they were, he said, “Can an idiom be a proverb?”I could answer that. Just not right now, now when it mattered, now when the fate of a curious, intelligent immigrant hung on the answers he assumed would fall from a native speaker’s tongue as naturally as leaves from an October tree. So I retreated.“Do most of your passengers give you answers when you ask for definitions?”“Oh, yes, Miss. Very interesting definitions.” Until that moment, I’d been so inspired by the driver’s determination to learn English, so enthralled by the chance to indulge my curiosity about words with another curious soul, that I didn’t fully grasp the potential for linguistic fraud committed in this man’s cab. Now I could barely allow myself to imagine what kind of deformed English he was being fed by cowards like me who couldn’t simply say, “I don’t really know my own language.”I can only trust that someone as curious as he is also owns a dictionary, and that he figures out that, no matter what his passengers may say, haste doesn’t always make waste at the gapers block. rearrear adj. adj. —— of, at or located in the backof, at or located in the backExamplesExamples• •The The thief thief broke broke into into the the house house through through the the rearrear window.window.• •She doesn’t like sitting in the She doesn’t like sitting in the rearrear seat. seat. peculiarpeculiar adj. adj. —— unusual and strange, sometimes in an unpleasant wayunusual and strange, sometimes in an unpleasant wayExamplesExamples• •What a What a peculiarpeculiar smell! smell!• •She has the most She has the most peculiarpeculiar ideas. ideas. resortresort n. n. — 1)— 1) a a strategy strategy or or course course of of action action that that may may be be adopted adopted to resolve a difficult situationto resolve a difficult situationExamplesExamples• •He He took took back back the the house, house, without without resortresort to to legal legal action.action.• •Books are her Books are her resortresort when she is lonely. when she is lonely.— 2)— 2) a place that is a popular destination for holidays or a place that is a popular destination for holidays or recreationrecreationExamplesExamples• •In In recent recent years years this this place place has has grown grown into into a a fashionable ski fashionable ski resortresort. .• •Hawaii is a famous tourist Hawaii is a famous tourist resortresort. .resort toresort to— to use, adopt a particular means to achieve one’s ends— to use, adopt a particular means to achieve one’s endsExamplesExamples• •Terrorists Terrorists resorted resorted toto bombing bombing city city centers centers as as a a means of achieving their political aims.means of achieving their political aims.• •We We are are prepared prepared to to resort resort toto force force if if negotiation negotiation failed.failed. jotjot v. v. —— to make a quick short noteto make a quick short noteExamplesExamples• •Could Could you you jotjot (down) (down) my my address address and and phone phone number in your address book?number in your address book?• •Professor Professor Smith Smith advised advised that that we we always always carry carry a a pen pen and and a a notebook notebook with with us us for for jottingjotting (down) (down) our ideas.our ideas. hinthint n. n. —— a slight indication of a fact, wish, etc.a slight indication of a fact, wish, etc.ExamplesExamples• •Didn’t Didn’t she she even even give give you you a a hinthint where where she she was was going?going?• •The The lady lady coughed coughed politely politely as as the the man man lit lit his his cigarette, but he failed to take the cigarette, but he failed to take the hinthint. . confuseconfuse v. v. —— to to mix mix up up (sb’s (sb’s mind mind or or ideas), ideas), or or to to make make (sth) (sth) difficult to understanddifficult to understandExamplesExamples• •I I was was so so confusedconfused in in today’s today’s history history lesson lesson –– –– I I didn’t understand a thing!didn’t understand a thing!• • You’re You’re confusingconfusing the the little little boy! boy! Tell Tell him him slowly slowly and one thing at a time.and one thing at a time.ExamplesExamples• •You’re You’re confusing confusing me me withwith my my sister sister –– –– it it was was she she who was sick last week.who was sick last week.• •Don’t Don’t confuse liberty withconfuse liberty with license. license.confuse ... with ... confuse ... with ... — to mistake one person or thing for another— to mistake one person or thing for another puzzlepuzzle v. v. —— to to cause cause (sb) (sb) to to feel feel confused confused and and slightly slightly worried worried because they cannot understand sthbecause they cannot understand sthExamplesExamples• •We’re We’re still still puzzledpuzzled about about how how the the accident accident could could have happened.have happened.• •The The students students sat sat with with puzzledpuzzled looks looks on on their their faces faces as as their their lecturer lecturer was was trying trying to to explain explain the the theory.theory. vaguevague adj. adj. — 1)— 1) not clearly described or expressednot clearly described or expressedExamplesExamples• •The The patient patient complained complained of of vaguevague pains pains and and backache.backache.• •She had a She had a vaguevague premonition of danger. premonition of danger.— 2)— 2) not clear in shape, or not clearly seennot clear in shape, or not clearly seenExamplesExamples• •Through Through the the mist mist I I could could just just make make out out a a vaguevague figure.figure.• •In a fog everything looks In a fog everything looks vaguevague. .— 3)— 3) (of a person) not able to think clearly, or, not (of a person) not able to think clearly, or, not expressing one’s opinions clearlyexpressing one’s opinions clearlyExamplesExamples• •My My aunt aunt is is incredibly incredibly vaguevague –– –– she she can can never never remember where she’s left her things.remember where she’s left her things.• •He is getting He is getting vaguevague as he grows older. as he grows older. rack one’s brainsrack one’s brains— to think very hard— to think very hardExamplesExamples• •I’ve I’ve racked racked my my brainsbrains all all day day but but I I still still can’t can’t work work out a plan.out a plan.• •It It is is not not worthwhile worthwhile to to rack rack your your brainsbrains over over such such trifle.trifle.rackrack v v. .— to cause physical or mental pain or trouble to— to cause physical or mental pain or trouble toExamplesExamples• •Even Even at at the the end, end, when when cancer cancer rackedracked his his body, body, he was calm and cheerful.he was calm and cheerful.• •A toothache A toothache rackedracked my jaw. my jaw. qualifyqualify v. v. —— to (cause to) reach a necessary standardto (cause to) reach a necessary standardExamplesExamples• •Chris has just Chris has just qualifiedqualified as a doctor. as a doctor.• •Ann’s Ann’s disappointed disappointed that that she she hasn’t hasn’t qualifiedqualified for for the next round in the tennis competition.the next round in the tennis competition.qualificationqualification n. n. — 1)— 1) an an official official record record that that a a person person has has achieved achieved the the necessary necessary standard standard of of knowledge knowledge or or skill skill in in a a subject, subject, usually after studying or training and passing an examusually after studying or training and passing an examExamplesExamples• •You’ll You’ll never never get get this this job job if if you you don’t don’t have have any any qualificationsqualifications in science. in science.• •I got my professional I got my professional qualificationqualification last year. last year.— 2)— 2) an ability, characteristic or experience that makes an ability, characteristic or experience that makes one suitable for a particular job or activityone suitable for a particular job or activityExamplesExamples• •Some Some nursing nursing experience experience is is a a necessary necessary qualificationqualification for this job. for this job.• •Legal profession Legal profession qualificationqualification is preferred. is preferred. misleadmislead v. v. —— to lead in a wrong wayto lead in a wrong wayExamplesExamples• •The The wrong wrong record record of of the the patient patient misledmisled the the doctors doctors in in their their probe probe for for the the cause cause of of his his disease.disease.• •Advertisements Advertisements may may misleadmislead consumers consumers into into buying things that they don’t need.buying things that they don’t need. assume assume v. v.— to suppose to be the case, without proof— to suppose to be the case, without proofExamplesExamples• •Do Do you you assumeassume that that such such information information has has significant effects on the stock market?significant effects on the stock market?• •We We can’t can’t assumeassume the the suspects suspects to to be be guilty guilty simply because they’ve decided to remain silent.simply because they’ve decided to remain silent.assumptionassumption n n. .— — a a thing thing that that is is accepted accepted as as true true or or as as certain certain to to happen happen without proofwithout proofExamplesExamples• •On On the the assumptionassumption that that oil oil prices prices would would go go up, up, some gas stations started to increase their stock.some gas stations started to increase their stock.• •You cannot rest on that You cannot rest on that assumptionassumption. . retreatretreat v. v. —— to move backto move backExamplesExamples• •Attacks Attacks by by enemy enemy aircraft aircraft forced forced the the tanks tanks to to retreatretreat from the city. from the city.• •The The writer writer retreatedretreated to to a a place place in in the the mountains mountains to put his thoughts on paper.to put his thoughts on paper. enthrallenthrall v. v. —— to to hold hold the the complete complete attention attention and and interest interest of of someone someone as if by magicas if by magicExamplesExamples• •The The World World Cup Cup completely completely enthralledenthralled people people all all over the world.over the world.• •The The audience audience was was enthralledenthralled for for two two hours hours by by a a sparkling dramatic performance.sparkling dramatic performance. indulgeindulge v. v. —— to to allow allow (a (a person, person, oneself) oneself) to to satisfy satisfy his his or or one’s one’s desiresdesiresExamplesExamples• •Occasionally Occasionally the the busy busy scientist scientist would would indulgeindulge his his passion for fishing.passion for fishing.• •His wife His wife indulgedindulged him with breakfast in bed. him with breakfast in bed.indulge inindulge in— o allow oneself the pleasure of— o allow oneself the pleasure ofExamplesExamples• •She She occasionally occasionally indulges indulges inin the the luxury luxury of of a a good dinner and a concert afterwards.good dinner and a concert afterwards.• •They often They often indulge inindulge in playing cards. playing cards. fraudfraud n. n. —— a person or thing that is not what is claimed to bea person or thing that is not what is claimed to beExamplesExamples• •John John told told everyone everyone he he was was a a well-known well-known musician, but we know he was only a musician, but we know he was only a fraudfraud. .• • The The picture, picture, which which was was claimed claimed to to be be a a real real Picasso, turned out to be a Picasso, turned out to be a fraudfraud. . commitcommit v. v. —— to do (sth illegal or considered wrong)to do (sth illegal or considered wrong)ExamplesExamples• •Strict Strict measures measures will will be be taken taken in in the the public public places places so so that that criminals criminals will will have have less less opportunity opportunity to to commitcommit crime. crime.• •Police Police officers officers arrested arrested a a 22-year-old 22-year-old mechanic mechanic on on suspicion suspicion of of committingcommitting an an attempted attempted murder murder on Oct. 22.on Oct. 22. hastehaste n. n. —— (too much) speed(too much) speedExamplesExamples• •Unfortunately Unfortunately the the report report was was prepared prepared in in hastehaste and contained several inaccuracies.and contained several inaccuracies.• •Marry in Marry in hastehaste, repent at leisure., repent at leisure. He He looked looked confused, confused, a a reminder reminder that that clever’s clever’s not not clever if it doesn’t communicate.clever if it doesn’t communicate.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphraseHe looked confused, and his puzzled look reminded me that my answer was not clever at all because it couldn’t be understood. ... ... so so enthralled enthralled by by the the chance chance to to indulge indulge my my curiosity curiosity about about words words with with another another curious curious soul, soul, that that I I didn’t didn’t fully fully grasp grasp the the potential potential for for linguistic fraud committed in this man’s cab.linguistic fraud committed in this man’s cab.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphrase... (I’d been) so absorbed in the chance to satisfy the man’s curiosity with my (poor) knowledge of English that I didn’t fully realize how misleading and confusing my and other native speakers’ interpretations might be. ... ... and and that that he he figures figures out out that, that, no no matter matter what what his his passengers passengers may may say, say, haste haste doesn’t doesn’t always always make make waste at the gaper’s block.waste at the gaper’s block.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphraseAnd that he finds out that, no matter what his passengers may say, things may not mean as they say. (Surface meaning: When other people gather to watch what’s happened, you should waste no time and leave in a hurry. In other words, haste doesn’t lead to waste of time in this case.) Read and think •Exercise 2•Exercise 3•Exercise 4Content Awareness Ex. 2 Work in pairs to make a conversation to understand the different meanings of the words in each group. Student A plays the role of a taxi driver, and Student B plays the role of a native English speaker.Group 1:confused puzzled lostGroup 2:enthralling interesting fascinatingGroup 3:strange odd weirdNative English speakerTaxi driver Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”peculiarAuthor’s definition:Author’s example:Dictionary’s definition:Dictionary’s example:Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”peculiarAuthor’s definition:Strange, odd. Often with a hint of something suspicious.Author’s example:Dictionary’s definition:Dictionary’s example:Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”peculiarAuthor’s definition:Strange, odd. Often with a hint of something suspicious.Author’s example:It (idiomatic) involves a peculiar use of the language.Dictionary’s definition:Dictionary’s example:Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”peculiarAuthor’s definition:Strange, odd. Often with a hint of something suspicious.Author’s example:It (idiomatic) involves a peculiar use of the language.Dictionary’s definition:strange or unusual, sometimes in an unpleasant wayDictionary’s example:Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”peculiarAuthor’s definition:Strange, odd. Often with a hint of something suspicious.Author’s example:It (idiomatic) involves a peculiar use of the language.Dictionary’s definition:strange or unusual, sometimes in an unpleasant wayDictionary’s example:His accent was a peculiar mixture of Scottish and Irish.Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”peculiarAuthor’s definition:Strange, odd. Often with a hint of something suspicious.Author’s example:It (idiomatic) involves a peculiar use of the language.Dictionary’s definition:strange or unusual, sometimes in an unpleasant wayDictionary’s example:His accent was a peculiar mixture of Scottish and Irish.Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”idiomaticAuthor’s definition:Author’s example:Dictionary’s definition:Dictionary’s example:Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”idiomaticAuthor’s definition:“Idiomatic” is related to the word “idiom”. An idiom is something that is used in a particular part of the country or by a particular group of people. People who aren’t part of that group aren’t likely to use it and might not understand it.Author’s example:Dictionary’s definition:Dictionary’s example:Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”idiomaticAuthor’s definition:“Idiomatic” is related to the word “idiom”. An idiom is something that is used in a particular part of the country or by a particular group of people. People who aren’t part of that group aren’t likely to use it and might not understand it.Author’s example:gapers blockDictionary’s definition:Dictionary’s example:Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”idiomaticAuthor’s definition:“Idiomatic” is related to the word “idiom”. An idiom is something that is used in a particular part of the country or by a particular group of people. People who aren’t part of that group aren’t likely to use it and might not understand it.Author’s example:gapers blockDictionary’s definition:using or containing expressions that are natural to a native speakerDictionary’s example:Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”idiomaticAuthor’s definition:“Idiomatic” is related to the word “idiom”. An idiom is something that is used in a particular part of the country or by a particular group of people. People who aren’t part of that group aren’t likely to use it and might not understand it.Author’s example:gapers blockDictionary’s definition:using or containing expressions that are natural to a native speakerDictionary’s example:Philippa was soon to acquire a remarkable command of idiomatic English.Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”idiomaticAuthor’s definition:“Idiomatic” is related to the word “idiom”. An idiom is something that is used in a particular part of the country or by a particular group of people. People who aren’t part of that group aren’t likely to use it and might not understand it.Author’s example:gapers blockDictionary’s definition:using or containing expressions that are natural to a native speakerDictionary’s example:Philippa was soon to acquire a remarkable command of idiomatic English.Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”proverbAuthor’s definition:Author’s example:Dictionary’s definition:Dictionary’s example:Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”proverbAuthor’s definition:I think a proverb is kind of like an aphorism. But not quite. A proverb is a condensed saying that teaches you a lesson.Author’s example:Dictionary’s definition:Dictionary’s example:Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”proverbAuthor’s definition:I think a proverb is kind of like an aphorism. But not quite. A proverb is a condensed saying that teaches you a lesson.Author’s example:Haste makes waste.Dictionary’s definition:Dictionary’s example:Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”proverbAuthor’s definition:I think a proverb is kind of like an aphorism. But not quite. A proverb is a condensed saying that teaches you a lesson.Author’s example:Haste makes waste.Dictionary’s definition:a short well-known saying that states a general truth or gives adviceDictionary’s example:Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”proverbAuthor’s definition:I think a proverb is kind of like an aphorism. But not quite. A proverb is a condensed saying that teaches you a lesson.Author’s example:Haste makes waste.Dictionary’s definition:a short well-known saying that states a general truth or gives adviceDictionary’s example:Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.Your conclusion: Ex. 3 Find in the passage the definitions and examples of the three words given by the author, and look up their definitions and examples in your dictionary. Then compare them to reach a conclusion on “whether the author really knows her own language or not.”proverbAuthor’s definition:I think a proverb is kind of like an aphorism. But not quite. A proverb is a condensed saying that teaches you a lesson.Author’s example:Haste makes waste.Dictionary’s definition:a short well-known saying that states a general truth or gives adviceDictionary’s example:Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.Your conclusion: Ex. 4 Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word.Check upCheck upThis is an amusing short story which illustrates how little people know about their mother tongue sometimes. The narrator is a woman, a p__________ in a taxi whose driver is a Pakistani man e__________ to learn English by asking his passengers about new words. Struggling to e__________ the meanings of a proverb and an idiom, she realizes how little she really knows about the v__________ of her native language and also w__________ what kind of answers other, probably equally i__________, native passengers might give. In the end she is left hoping that the driver has a d__________ and that he will use it to teach himself rather than depend on the native speakers for e__________. Ex. 4 Fill each of the blanks with an appropriate word.This is an amusing short story which illustrates how little people know about their mother tongue sometimes. The narrator is a woman, a p__________ in a taxi whose driver is a Pakistani man e__________ to learn English by asking his passengers about new words. Struggling to e__________ the meanings of a proverb and an idiom, she realizes how little she really knows about the v__________ of her native language and also w__________ what kind of answers other, probably equally i__________, native passengers might give. In the end she is left hoping that the driver has a d__________ and that he will use it to teach himself rather than depend on the native speakers for e__________. passenger Ex. 4 Fill each of the blanks with an appropriate word.This is an amusing short story which illustrates how little people know about their mother tongue sometimes. The narrator is a woman, a p__________ in a taxi whose driver is a Pakistani man e__________ to learn English by asking his passengers about new words. Struggling to e__________ the meanings of a proverb and an idiom, she realizes how little she really knows about the v__________ of her native language and also w__________ what kind of answers other, probably equally i__________, native passengers might give. In the end she is left hoping that the driver has a d__________ and that he will use it to teach himself rather than depend on the native speakers for e__________. passengereager Ex. 4 Fill each of the blanks with an appropriate word.This is an amusing short story which illustrates how little people know about their mother tongue sometimes. The narrator is a woman, a p__________ in a taxi whose driver is a Pakistani man e__________ to learn English by asking his passengers about new words. Struggling to e__________ the meanings of a proverb and an idiom, she realizes how little she really knows about the v__________ of her native language and also w__________ what kind of answers other, probably equally i__________, native passengers might give. In the end she is left hoping that the driver has a d__________ and that he will use it to teach himself rather than depend on the native speakers for e__________. passengereagerexplain Ex. 4 Fill each of the blanks with an appropriate word.This is an amusing short story which illustrates how little people know about their mother tongue sometimes. The narrator is a woman, a p__________ in a taxi whose driver is a Pakistani man e__________ to learn English by asking his passengers about new words. Struggling to e__________ the meanings of a proverb and an idiom, she realizes how little she really knows about the v__________ of her native language and also w__________ what kind of answers other, probably equally i__________, native passengers might give. In the end she is left hoping that the driver has a d__________ and that he will use it to teach himself rather than depend on the native speakers for e__________. passengereagerexplainvocabulary Ex. 4 Fill each of the blanks with an appropriate word.This is an amusing short story which illustrates how little people know about their mother tongue sometimes. The narrator is a woman, a p__________ in a taxi whose driver is a Pakistani man e__________ to learn English by asking his passengers about new words. Struggling to e__________ the meanings of a proverb and an idiom, she realizes how little she really knows about the v__________ of her native language and also w__________ what kind of answers other, probably equally i__________, native passengers might give. In the end she is left hoping that the driver has a d__________ and that he will use it to teach himself rather than depend on the native speakers for e__________. passengereagerexplainvocabularywonders Ex. 4 Fill each of the blanks with an appropriate word.This is an amusing short story which illustrates how little people know about their mother tongue sometimes. The narrator is a woman, a p__________ in a taxi whose driver is a Pakistani man e__________ to learn English by asking his passengers about new words. Struggling to e__________ the meanings of a proverb and an idiom, she realizes how little she really knows about the v__________ of her native language and also w__________ what kind of answers other, probably equally i__________, native passengers might give. In the end she is left hoping that the driver has a d__________ and that he will use it to teach himself rather than depend on the native speakers for e__________. passengereagerexplainvocabularywondersignorant Ex. 4 Fill each of the blanks with an appropriate word.This is an amusing short story which illustrates how little people know about their mother tongue sometimes. The narrator is a woman, a p__________ in a taxi whose driver is a Pakistani man e__________ to learn English by asking his passengers about new words. Struggling to e__________ the meanings of a proverb and an idiom, she realizes how little she really knows about the v__________ of her native language and also w__________ what kind of answers other, probably equally i__________, native passengers might give. In the end she is left hoping that the driver has a d__________ and that he will use it to teach himself rather than depend on the native speakers for e__________. passengereagerexplainvocabularywondersignorantdictionary Ex. 4 Fill each of the blanks with an appropriate word.This is an amusing short story which illustrates how little people know about their mother tongue sometimes. The narrator is a woman, a p__________ in a taxi whose driver is a Pakistani man e__________ to learn English by asking his passengers about new words. Struggling to e__________ the meanings of a proverb and an idiom, she realizes how little she really knows about the v__________ of her native language and also w__________ what kind of answers other, probably equally i__________, native passengers might give. In the end she is left hoping that the driver has a d__________ and that he will use it to teach himself rather than depend on the native speakers for e__________. passengereagerexplainvocabularywondersignorantdictionary explanations Read and complete: Exercise 5 Exercise 6 Exercise 7Read and translate: Exercise 8Read and simulate: Exercise 9Language Focus Ex. 5 Choose the word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.1 The coward in me was much too pleased with this solution.A) courageB) fearC) satisfactionD) personality Ex. 5 Choose the word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.1 The coward in me was much too pleased with this solution.A) courageB) fearC) satisfactionD) personality Ex. 5 Choose the word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.2 He returned to his hometown so that he could indulge his passion for football. A) developB) enjoyC) breakD) limit Ex. 5 Choose the word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.2 He returned to his hometown so that he could indulge his passion for football. A) developB) enjoyC) breakD) limit Ex. 5 Choose the word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.3 A desperate man will resort to anything.A) care for nothingB) destroy anything within his reachC) try to kill himselfD) turn to anything for help Ex. 5 Choose the word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.3 A desperate man will resort to anything.A) care for nothingB) destroy anything within his reachC) try to kill himselfD) turn to anything for help Ex. 5 Choose the word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.4 He jotted down her number on a slip of yellow paper.A) read carefullyB) wrote down quicklyC) glance quickly atD) drew with care Ex. 5 Choose the word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.4 He jotted down her number on a slip of yellow paper.A) read carefullyB) wrote down quicklyC) glance quickly atD) drew with care Ex. 5 Choose the word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.5 She looked at him in such distress that he had to look away.A) amusementB) angerC) painD) pleasure Ex. 5 Choose the word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.5 She looked at him in such distress that he had to look away.A) amusementB) angerC) painD) pleasure 1. Being the son of a professor does not ________ him for the scholarship consideration.TTqualifyqualifyassumecommitconfusehintmisleadpeculiarpuzzlequalifyretreatvague2. The police suspect that it was John who ________ the murder.TT(had) committed(had) committedEx. 6 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 3. So far, the new manager has given little ________ that he won’t be any different from the former one.TThinthint4. From all the indications, it is safe to ________ that the prices of cars will go down by large margins.TTassumeassumeassumecommitconfusehintmisleadpeculiarpuzzlequalifyretreatvagueEx. 6 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 5. Some of his instructions are outdated and others are too ________ to be understood.TTvaguevague6. The local dialect sounds a little ________ to the people from the north.TTpeculiarpeculiarassumecommitconfusehintmisleadpeculiarpuzzlequalifyretreatvagueEx. 6 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 7. The failure of the movie hastened her decision to ________ from the glamorous screen and spend more time with her family.TTretreatretreat8. The woman’s headache ________ the doctor; he couldn’t find the cause.TTpuzzledpuzzledassumecommitconfusehintmisleadpeculiarpuzzlequalifyretreatvagueEx. 6 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 9. The state has laws that protect consumers against fraud or ________ sales practices.TTmisleadingmisleading10.He tried to explain the complicated theory to me, but I got even more ________ by the technical terms in his explanation.TTconfusedconfusedassumecommitconfusehintmisleadpeculiarpuzzlequalifyretreatvagueEx. 6 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. Ex. 7 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.1. The local government’s decision to reduce unemployment benefits enraged the workers who were laid off and they ________ violent protest.èèresorted toresorted to Ex. 7 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.2. What’s the point of ________ for months over something that a good teacher could have explained in minutes?èèracking your / one’s brains racking your / one’s brains Ex. 7 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.3. The boy admires his father and ________ his every word.èèhangs onhangs on Ex. 7 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.4. The manager pulled the pencil and pad from his shirt pocket and ________ every word the customer said.èèjotted downjotted down Ex. 7 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.5. At present, the whole world seems to be __________ about how to cope with economic globalization.èèat a lossat a loss 1. 知道原理是一回事，但要付诸实践又是另外一回事。
it’s one thing ... it’s another ...) principleIt’s one thing to understand the principle, it’s another thing to put it into practice.Ex. 8 Translate the following sentences into English. put ... into practice 2. 据报道，慢跑(jogging)可将患心脏病的可能性减少三分之二less likely) It is reported (that) ...It is reported that jogging makes you three times less likely to suffer from a heart attack.Ex. 8 Translate the following sentences into English. three times less likely 3. 根据最新调查，半数英国人不清楚欧元与英镑的比值have no idea / in relation to) according to the latest surveyAlmost half of the British people have no idea what the euro is worth in relation to the pound, according to the latest survey.Ex. 8 Translate the following sentences into English. what the euro is worth in relation to the pound 4. 这片土地本应建成一个供大家享用的公园，但现在却立起了几栋公寓楼。
should have done) should have been made into a parkThe area should have been made into a park for everyone to enjoy but now some apartment buildings stand there.Ex. 8 Translate the following sentences into English. apartment building 5. 不知道所有这些相关信息能否凑成一幅关于他的清晰图画add up to) all the related information I’m wondering whether all the related information could add up to a clear picture of him.Ex. 8 Translate the following sentences into English. add up to a clear picture Ex. 9 Read and compare the English sentences, paying attention to the italicized parts and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences. 1. It’s one thing to use a word, it’s another to explain it.It’s one thing to talk about reforms, it’s another to carry them out for real.认认识识到到节节约约能能源源的的重重要要性性是是一一回回事事，，但但在在生生活活的的方方方方面面面面付付诸诸实实施施又又是另外一回事。
是另外一回事Simulated reproduction:Simulated reproduction:Simulated translation:Simulated translation:It’s one thing to recognize the importance of saving energy, it’s another to put it into practice in every aspect of lifeReference:Reference: 2. He looked confused, a reminder that clever’s not clever if it doesn’t communicate.He tried to say something funny to break the ice, but soon realized that clever’s not clever if no one laughed at it.销售经理认为，如果销路不好，新产品就不能算好销售经理认为，如果销路不好，新产品就不能算好Simulated reproduction:Simulated reproduction:Simulated translation:Simulated translation:The sales manager believes that clever’s not clever if the new product doesn’t sell well.Reference:Reference: 3. I went on talking, as if a thousand vague words would add up to one accurate definition.He has studied at college for 7 years as if more degrees would add up to his success.他他不不停停地地编编着着各各种种借借口口来来解解释释为为何何没没能能完完成成任任务务，，好好像像一一千千个个谎谎言言加加起来就可以等于实情。
起来就可以等于实情Simulated reproduction:Simulated reproduction:Simulated translation:Simulated translation:He kept on making up excuses for his failure to finish the task as if a thousand lies would add up to the truth.Reference:Reference: 4. I had no idea because the longer I thought about idioms the less sure I was what they were.She felt the longer she practiced the piano the less skilled she became.这这项项调调查查发发现现，，人人们们逛逛商商场场的的时时间间越越长长，，就就越越不不能能控控制制自自己己的的购购物物欲欲望Simulated reproduction:Simulated reproduction:Simulated translation:Simulated translation:It is found from the investigation that the longer people stay in a store, the less likely they are to control their desire for purchases.Reference:Reference: 5. I can only trust that someone as curious as he is also owns a dictionary.I assume someone as ambitious as he is will become somebody sooner or later.我相信像她这样勤奋的人肯定会很快地克服她在英语学习方面的困难。
我相信像她这样勤奋的人肯定会很快地克服她在英语学习方面的困难Simulated reproduction:Simulated reproduction:Simulated translation:Simulated translation:I believe that someone as diligent as she is will soon overcome difficulties in the study of English.Reference:Reference: Ex. 10.Work in pairs and complete the following task.StudentStudentTeacherTeacherYou may use the following words and expressions:vocabularyrememberkeep in mindjot down no matter how contextmeaningfulCould you help me with ...I have trouble with ...My big problem is ...... escape my mind ...What does ... mean?I’ll give it a try.That’s not unusual.Have you ever tried ...?... become more meaningful ...... learn them in the context.I wish you success! •You are a sophomore at college and you aren’t very successful in the study of English, especially in building up your vocabulary. No matter how hard you try, some English words just escape your mind when you want to use them. So you come to your teacher’s office for help.StudentStudent: :StudentStudentTeacherTeacherEx. 10.Work in pairs and complete the following task.ReferenceReference Student AStudent ATeacherTeacher•As an experienced teacher of English, you know the trouble your students have and are ready to help.TeacherTeacher: :Ex. 10.Work in pairs and complete the following task.ReferenceReference Ex. 10.Work in pairs and complete the following task.Student:May I come in?Teacher:Sure. What can I do for you?Student:You see, I have some trouble with my English study. My biggest problem is that I cannot manage to remember all the English words. No matter how hard I try, they simply keep escaping my mind.Teacher:Don’t worry, that’s not unusual. How do you learn the vocabulary?Student:I jot down all the new words together with their definitions, and then write each of them ten times, sometimes twenty times.Teacher:Poor guy! Have you ever tried to learn them in their context? Ex. 10.Work in pairs and complete the following task.Student:What does “context” mean?Teacher:The text or the sentences around a new word. If you learn the new words in their context, these words will become more meaningful to you, and they may stay longer in your mind.Student:You mean I’ll have to remember the sentences with the new words?Teacher:Not necessarily. Once you understand those new words in the context, they are no longer new words for you. It’ll be easier to call them up to your mind.Student:That sounds a good way. I guess I’ll give it a try.Teacher:Wish you success. Ex. 11.Write a short passage (100 — 120 words) with the title “Learning English (Words) Through (Reading)”.Learning English Words Through ReadingReading Reading is is an an excellent excellent way way to to improve improve your your command command of of English English words. words. When When a a new new word word appears appears in in a a sentence sentence or or a a story, story, the the context context is is often often enough enough for for you you to to guess guess the the meaning. meaning. Coming Coming across across the the word word again again and and again again in in your your reading reading helps helps you you learn learn it it and and use use it it correctly correctly in in your your speaking speaking and and writing. writing. However, However, you you should should choose choose something something that that you you find find quite quite easy easy to to read, read, such such as as stories stories to to read read for for pleasure. pleasure. Difficult Difficult stories stories or or texts texts that that you you struggle struggle to to understand understand will will not not help help you you to to develop develop your your stock stock of of words words in in a a natural natural pleasant pleasant way. way. Remember: Remember: to to learn new words through reading, you have to read A LOT!learn new words through reading, you have to read A LOT!Sample:Sample: Ex. 11.Write a short passage (100 — 120 words) with the title “Learning English (Words) Through (Reading)”.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ReferenceReference Ex. 11.Write a short passage (100 — 120 words) with the title “Learning English (Words) Through (Reading)”.Learning English Words Through the InternetThe The Internet Internet provides provides excellent excellent sources sources for for learning learning English. English. Most Most information information on on the the Internet Internet is is presented presented in in English. English. You You can can get get the the latest latest reports reports on on events events taking taking place place all all over over the the world world as as well well as as information information useful useful to to your your work work or or study. study. However, However, you you should should choose choose such such materials materials as as you you find find not not too too difficult difficult to to read. read. Difficult Difficult articles articles and and technical technical papers papers on on the the Internet Internet that that you you struggle struggle to to understand understand will will not not help help you you to to develop develop your your reading reading skills. skills. Remember: Remember: to to learn learn English English via via the the Internet Internet you you must must keep keep your purpose in mind, or you will get lost on the Net.your purpose in mind, or you will get lost on the Net.ReferenceReference: : Passage B•Think About It•Read About It Before reading Passage B, try to tell what you feel is the best part of your college life, and what is not so good as you used to expect.cafeteriareadinglibraryclassdegreelecture 1. For what purpose(s) would an adult return to college?The reasons vary. A few would come to college to make up for the education they missed when they were young. Some would return to get re-educated to prepare themselves for the new careers and a new life. Some others would come to learn some subjects for pleasure.Reference: 2. Do you think most of the college students appreciate their college life?Probably not. Some do not seem to understand they’re having the best years of their lives, and are anxious to get out.Reference: Read About It•Language Points•Content Awareness•Language Focus•Reading Skill Practice•Translating Skill Practice Returning to CollegeIf I thought I’d live to be a hundred, I’d go back to college next fall. I was drafted into the Army at the end of my junior year and, after four years in the service, had no inclination to return to finish college. By then, it seemed, I knew everything.Well, as it turns out, I don’t know everything, and I’m ready to spend some time learning. I wouldn’t want to pick up where I left off. I’d like to start all over again as a freshman. You see, it isn’t just the education that appeals to me. I’ve visited a dozen colleges in the last two years, and college life looks extraordinarily pleasant. The young people on campus are all gung ho to get out and get at life. They don’t seem to understand they’re having one of its best parts. Here they are with no responsibility to anyone but themselves, a hundred or a thousand ready-made friends, teachers trying to help them, families at home waiting for them to return for Christmas to tell all about their triumphs, three meals a day — so it isn’t gourmet food — but you can’t have everything.Too many students don’t really have much patience with the process of being educated. They think half the teachers are idiots, and I wouldn’t deny this. They think the system stinks sometimes. I wouldn’t deny that. They think there aren’t any nice girls / boys around. I’d deny that. They just won’t know what an idyllic time of life college can be until it’s over. The students are anxious to acquire the knowledge they think they need to make a buck, but they aren’t really interested in education for education’s sake. That’s where they’re wrong, and that’s why I’d like to go back to college. I know now what a joy knowledge can be, independent of anything you do with it.I’d take several courses in philosophy. I like the thinking process that goes with it. Philosophers are fairer than is absolutely necessary, but I like them, even the ones that I think are wrong. Too much of what I know of the great philosophers comes secondhand or from condensations. I’d like to take a course in which I actually had to read Plato, Aristotle, Hume, Spinoza, Locke, John Dewey and the other great thinkers. I’d like to take some calculus, too. I have absolutely no ability in that direction and not much interest, either, but there’s something going on in mathematics that I don’t understand, and I’d like to find out what it is. My report cards won’t be mailed to my father and mother, so I won’t have to worry about marks. I bet I’ll do better than when they were mailed.There are some literary classics I ought to read and I never will, unless I’m forced to by a good professor, so I’ll take a few courses in English literature. I took a course that featured George Gordon Byron, usually referred to now as “Lord Byron”, and I’d like to take that over again. I did very well in it the first time. I actually read all of Don Juan and have never gotten over how great it was. I know I could get an A in that if I took it over. I’d like to have a few easy courses. My history is very weak, and I’d want several history courses. I’m not going to break my back over them, but I’d like to be refreshed about the broad outline of history. When someone says sixteenth century to me, I’d like to be able to associate it with some names and events. This is just a little conversational conceit, but that’s life.If I can find a good teacher, I’d certainly want to go back over English grammar and usage. He’d have to be good, because you might not think so sometimes, but I know a lot about using the language. Still, there are times when I’m stumped. I was wondering the other day what part of speech the word “please” is in the sentence, “Please don’t take me seriously.”I’ve been asked to speak at several college graduation ceremonies. Maybe if I graduate, they’ll ask me to speak at my own. inclinationinclination n.n.—— a preference or tendencya preference or tendencyExamplesExamples• •I’ve I’ve no no inclinationinclination to to follow follow my my mother mother into into accountancy.accountancy.• •Their Their initial initial inclinationinclination was was to to build build the the plant plant in in India but then decided to put it up in China.India but then decided to put it up in China.inclineincline v. v.—— to tend in feeling, thought, habit, etc.to tend in feeling, thought, habit, etc.ExamplesExamples• •I I inclineincline to believe his innocence. to believe his innocence.• •I I inclineincline to his view on this matter. to his view on this matter.inclinedinclined adj.adj.—— having a tendencyhaving a tendencyExamplesExamples• •She’s She’s more more inclinedinclined than than most most people people to to help help out when you ask her.out when you ask her.• •He’s a youth He’s a youth inclinedinclined to silence. to silence. pick uppick up—— 1) to start again after an interruption1) to start again after an interruptionExampleExample• •After After China’s China’s entry entry into into the the WTO, WTO, many many Chinese Chinese picked uppicked up English in their 40s or older. English in their 40s or older.—— 2) to take hold of and raise2) to take hold of and raiseExampleExample• •She She opened opened the the door, door, picked picked upup a a letter letter on on the the floor and started reading it.floor and started reading it.—— 3) to collect, take on board3) to collect, take on boardExampleExample• •I’ll I’ll pick you uppick you up at 6 outside the gate. at 6 outside the gate. leave offleave off—— to stop, ceaseto stop, ceaseExamplesExamples• •The rain The rain left offleft off after a whole week of pouring. after a whole week of pouring.• •Ted Ted left offleft off talking about his adventure. talking about his adventure. appeal (to)appeal (to)—— 1) 1) v v. to please, attract, or interest. to please, attract, or interestExamplesExamples• •What What appeals appeals toto me me about about his his painting painting is is the the colors he uses.colors he uses.• •It’s It’s a a program program designed designed to to appealappeal mainly mainly toto 16- 16- to 25-year-olds.to 25-year-olds.—— 2) 2) n n. interest, attraction. interest, attractionExamplesExamples• •Men Men worry worry about about going going bald bald because because they they think think they will lose their sex they will lose their sex appealappeal. .• •The The films films directed directed by by Spielberg Spielberg have have a a wide wide appealappeal. . get atget at—— to reach, gain access toto reach, gain access toExampleExample• •A A sensible sensible man man keeps keeps his his savings savings in in the the bank bank –– –– not in the house where a thief can not in the house where a thief can get atget at them. them.—— to suggest, in an indirect wayto suggest, in an indirect wayExampleExample• •I I don’t don’t know know what what you’re you’re getting getting atat exactly, exactly, but but if if you you want want to to borrow borrow money money from from me me you’ve you’ve found found a wrong person. a wrong person. ready-madeready-made—— sth in a finished form or is available to use sth in a finished form or is available to use immediatelyimmediatelyExamplesExamples• •Ready-madeReady-made frozen frozen meals meals sell sell well well in in the the supermarket.supermarket.• •When When she she married married Giles, Giles, she she acquired acquired a a ready-ready-mademade family family –– –– two two teenage teenage sons sons and and a a daughter.daughter. gourmet gourmet n n. . — 1)— 1) a person who knows a lot about food and cooking, a person who knows a lot about food and cooking, and who enjoys eating high-quality foodand who enjoys eating high-quality foodExampleExample• •Our Our specialty specialty foods foods will will appeal appeal particularly particularly to to the the gourmetgourmet. .— 2) (as a modifier) sth for a gourmet— 2) (as a modifier) sth for a gourmetExampleExample• •If If you you want want to to have have a a gourmet gourmet meal, meal, you you don’t don’t go go to a fast-food restaurant.to a fast-food restaurant. deny deny v v. .—— to declare untrue; refuse to accept as factto declare untrue; refuse to accept as factExamplesExamples• •The three defendants The three defendants denydeny all charges. all charges.• •Neil Neil deniesdenies breaking breaking the the window, window, but but I’m I’m sure sure he he did.did. stink stink v v. . — 1)— 1) to be extremely bad or unpleasantto be extremely bad or unpleasantExampleExample• •His His acting acting stinksstinks, , but but he he looks looks good, good, so so he he has has been offered lots of movie roles.been offered lots of movie roles.— 2) to smell very unpleasant— 2) to smell very unpleasantExampleExample• •The The morning morning after after the the party, party, the the whole whole house house stankstank of beer and cigarettes. of beer and cigarettes. make a buckmake a buck—— to earn some moneyto earn some moneyExamplesExamples• •The The eldest eldest son son had had to to make make a a buckbuck to to support support the family.the family.• •Don’t Don’t expect expect to to make make an an easy easy buckbuck; ; everything everything is earned in a hard way.is earned in a hard way. go withgo with—— to accompany; to be part ofto accompany; to be part ofExamplesExamples• •The The younger younger children children stayed stayed with with their their uncle uncle while while the the older older sons sons went went withwith their their parents parents to to Spain.Spain.• •Crime Crime does does not not necessarily necessarily go go withwith poverty; poverty; criminals with wealth are not uncommon.criminals with wealth are not uncommon. bet bet v v. . — 1)— 1) to risk (a sum of money) on the unknown result of to risk (a sum of money) on the unknown result of an eventan eventExamplesExamples• •She She betbet £500 £500 000 000 on on the the horse horse which which came came in in second.second.• •I I betbet you $25 that I’ll get there before you. you $25 that I’ll get there before you.— 2)— 2) to state confidently (what will happen or has to state confidently (what will happen or has happened)happened)ExampleExample• •I I betbet (that) he won’t come. (that) he won’t come. break one’s backbreak one’s back— 1)— 1) to work very hard or too hard; make every possible to work very hard or too hard; make every possible efforteffortExampleExample• •Before Before the the final final exam, exam, Frank Frank broke broke his his backback over over mathematics.mathematics.— 2)— 2) to make life difficult or impossible forto make life difficult or impossible forExampleExample• •These These new new taxes taxes will will break break the the back back ofof the the working poor.working poor. conceitconceit n n. .— too high an opinion of oneself— too high an opinion of oneselfExampleExample• •The young man was puffed up with conceit.The young man was puffed up with conceit.conceitedconceited adjadj. .— full of conceit— full of conceitExampleExample• •A A conceitedconceited man man believes believes he’s he’s always always right right about about everything.everything. stump stump v. —— to leave (sb) unable to reply; to puzzleto leave (sb) unable to reply; to puzzleExamplesExamples• •Your question has Your question has stumpedstumped me. me.• •We’re We’re all all completely completely stumpedstumped –– –– we we can’t can’t work work out how he escaped.out how he escaped. I wouldn’t want to pick up where I left off.I wouldn’t want to pick up where I left off.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphraseI didn’t mean to resume my education by taking the subjects I had once missed at college. Too Too much much of of what what I I know know of of the the great great philosophers philosophers comes comes secondhand secondhand or or from from condensations.condensations.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphraseMy knowledge of the great philosophers came indirectly or from some simplified works. This This is is just just a a little little conversational conversational conceit, conceit, but but that’s life.that’s life.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphraseThis is just a trick employed in conversation to show off, but I think we all naturally do so. Ex. 12Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.1. What does the author think of the students on campus?A)They lack a sense of responsibility.B)They are too willing to make friends.C)They make their families worry about them.D)They fail to realize that college life is precious. Ex. 12Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.1. What does the author think of the students on campus?A)They lack a sense of responsibility.B)They are too willing to make friends.C)They make their families worry about them.D)They fail to realize that college life is precious. Ex. 12Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.2. What do you think is a ready-made friend, as mentioned in Line 15?A)A friend who offers you help when you are in real need.B)A friend who is always ready to help you.C)A friend who is easily and immediately available.D)A friend who will make everything ready for you. Ex. 12Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.2. What do you think is a ready-made friend, as mentioned in Line 15?A)A friend who offers you help when you are in real need.B)A friend who is always ready to help you.C)A friend who is easily and immediately available.D)A friend who will make everything ready for you. Ex. 12Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.3. The author thinks that the college students’ attitude toward college education is ________.A)realisticB)pessimisticC)unfairD)objective Ex. 12Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.3. The author thinks that the college students’ attitude toward college education is ________.A)realisticB)pessimisticC)unfairD)objective Ex. 12Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.4. For what reason does the author want to return to college?A)He wants to make some ready-made friends.B)He intends to acquire knowledge to make more money.C)He wants to live an independent life.D)He finds it is a joy to get better educated. Ex. 12Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.4. For what reason does the author want to return to college?A)He wants to make some ready-made friends.B)He intends to acquire knowledge to make more money.C)He wants to live an independent life.D)He finds it is a joy to get better educated. Ex. 12Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.5. The author wants to take calculus because ________.A)he has a special talent for itB)he is curious about mathematicsC)he can bring home a good reportD)he is interested in it Ex. 12Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.5. The author wants to take calculus because ________.A)he has a special talent for itB)he is curious about mathematicsC)he can bring home a good reportD)he is interested in it Language Focus•Vocabulary (Ex. 13)•Phrases (Ex. 14)•Translation (Ex. 15) 1. gourmet1. gourmeta. carda. card2. mail2. mailb. foodb. food1 1So it isn’t So it isn’t gourmetgourmet foodfood — but you can’t have — but you can’t have everything.everything.2 2My report My report cardscards won’t be won’t be mailedmailed to my parents. to my parents.Model:Model:Ex. 13Pair each word in the left column with a word in the right column to form a collocation, and then complete the following sentences with the paired words. Ex. 13Pair each word in the left column with a word in the right column to form a collocation, and then complete the following sentences with the paired words.1. idyllic adj.a. youngster2. appeal (to) v.b. knowledge3. deny v.c. stump4. acquire v.d. inclination5. refresh v.e. conceit6. question n.f. scene7. lose v.g. claim8. show v.h. memory Ex. 13Pair each word in the left column with a word in the right column to form a collocation, and then complete the following sentences with the paired words.1. idyllic adj.a. youngster2. appeal (to) v.b. knowledge3. deny v.c. stump4. acquire v.d. inclination5. refresh v.e. conceit6. question n.f. scene7. lose v.g. claim8. show v.h. memoryComplete the sentences.Complete the sentences. Ex. 13Pair each word in the left column with a word in the right column to form a collocation, and then complete the following sentences with the paired words.e. conceit5. refresh v.h. memory8. show v.g. claim7. lose v.f. scene6. question n.d. inclination4. acquire v.c. stump3. deny v.b. knowledge2. appeal (to) v.a. youngster1. idyllic adj.1. It seemed even the _________ mountain _________ couldn’t take his mind off his work.idyllicscene Ex. 13Pair each word in the left column with a word in the right column to form a collocation, and then complete the following sentences with the paired words.e. conceit5. refresh v.h. memory8. show v.g. claim7. lose v.f. scene6. question n.d. inclination4. acquire v.c. stump3. deny v.b. knowledge2. appeal (to) v.a. youngster1. idyllic adj.2. I’m not sure whether the topic on fashion will _________ all the _________.appeal toyoungsters Ex. 13Pair each word in the left column with a word in the right column to form a collocation, and then complete the following sentences with the paired words.e. conceit5. refresh v.h. memory8. show v.g. claim7. lose v.f. scene6. question n.d. inclination4. acquire v.c. stump3. deny v.b. knowledge2. appeal (to) v.a. youngster1. idyllic adj.3. Both countries have firmly _________ Japan’s _________ to the island.deniedclaim Ex. 13Pair each word in the left column with a word in the right column to form a collocation, and then complete the following sentences with the paired words.e. conceit5. refresh v.h. memory8. show v.g. claim7. lose v.f. scene6. question n.d. inclination4. acquire v.c. stump3. deny v.b. knowledge2. appeal (to) v.a. youngster1. idyllic adj.4. A smart learner knows how to make best use of his time to _________ the _________ he is here for.acquireknowledge Ex. 13Pair each word in the left column with a word in the right column to form a collocation, and then complete the following sentences with the paired words.e. conceit5. refresh v.h. memory8. show v.g. claim7. lose v.f. scene6. question n.d. inclination4. acquire v.c. stump3. deny v.b. knowledge2. appeal (to) v.a. youngster1. idyllic adj.5. Perhaps this photograph will _________ your _________?refreshmemory Ex. 13Pair each word in the left column with a word in the right column to form a collocation, and then complete the following sentences with the paired words.e. conceit5. refresh v.h. memory8. show v.g. claim7. lose v.f. scene6. question n.d. inclination4. acquire v.c. stump3. deny v.b. knowledge2. appeal (to) v.a. youngster1. idyllic adj.6. The _________ about the inefficient measures to deal with the nuclear leakage _________ the spokesman of the government.questionsstumped Ex. 13Pair each word in the left column with a word in the right column to form a collocation, and then complete the following sentences with the paired words.e. conceit5. refresh v.h. memory8. show v.g. claim7. lose v.f. scene6. question n.d. inclination4. acquire v.c. stump3. deny v.b. knowledge2. appeal (to) v.a. youngster1. idyllic adj.7. After many setbacks, Peterson _________ his _________ but not ambition.lostconceit Ex. 13Pair each word in the left column with a word in the right column to form a collocation, and then complete the following sentences with the paired words.e. conceit5. refresh v.h. memory8. show v.g. claim7. lose v.f. scene6. question n.d. inclination4. acquire v.c. stump3. deny v.b. knowledge2. appeal (to) v.a. youngster1. idyllic adj.8. In his report the economist stressed that the market _________ no _________ of recovery.showedinclination Ex. 14Study the following sentences taken from the passage and then paraphrase the underlined part in each sentence.1I’d like to start all over again as a freshman. (Lines 6–7)2I actually read all of Don Juan and have never gotten over how great it was. (Line 38)3I know I could get an A in that if I took it over. (Line 38)4I’m not going to break my back over them. (Lines 40–41)5I’d certainly want to go back over English grammar and usage. (Line 44)1. I’d like to _____________________________ as a freshman.start again from the very beginning Ex. 14Study the following sentences taken from the passage and then paraphrase the underlined part in each sentence.1I’d like to start all over again as a freshman. (Lines 6–7)2I actually read all of Don Juan and have never gotten over how great it was. (Line 38)3I know I could get an A in that if I took it over. (Line 38)4I’m not going to break my back over them. (Lines 40–41)5I’d certainly want to go back over English grammar and usage. (Line 44)2. I actually read all of Don Juan and ________________________ how great it was.have always been amazed by Ex. 14Study the following sentences taken from the passage and then paraphrase the underlined part in each sentence.1I’d like to start all over again as a freshman. (Lines 6–7)2I actually read all of Don Juan and have never gotten over how great it was. (Line 38)3I know I could get an A in that if I took it over. (Line 38)4I’m not going to break my back over them. (Lines 40–41)5I’d certainly want to go back over English grammar and usage. (Line 44)3. I know I could get an A in that if I _______________.retook the course Ex. 14Study the following sentences taken from the passage and then paraphrase the underlined part in each sentence.1I’d like to start all over again as a freshman. (Lines 6–7)2I actually read all of Don Juan and have never gotten over how great it was. (Line 38)3I know I could get an A in that if I took it over. (Line 38)4I’m not going to break my back over them. (Lines 40–41)5I’d certainly want to go back over English grammar and usage. (Line 44)4. I’m not going to _______________ history courses.work very hard on Ex. 14Study the following sentences taken from the passage and then paraphrase the underlined part in each sentence.1I’d like to start all over again as a freshman. (Lines 6–7)2I actually read all of Don Juan and have never gotten over how great it was. (Line 38)3I know I could get an A in that if I took it over. (Line 38)4I’m not going to break my back over them. (Lines 40–41)5I’d certainly want to go back over English grammar and usage. (Line 44)5. I’d certainly want to _________________ English grammar and usage.carefully study again Ex. 15Translate the following paragraphs into English.1. 大学生活格外愉快。
校园里的年轻人们都在全力以赴地获取知识他们除了自己的学习，对其他事情无需负责他们应该耐心地体会接受教育的过程，而不要急于去挣钱他们应该知道，校园生活是在为他们走出校园去追求成功作准备be gung ho to ...They are with no responsibility to anything but their studies.not be anxious to make a buckTranslate the whole paragraph.Translate the whole paragraph. Ex. 15Translate the following paragraphs into English.College life is extraordinarily pleasant. Young people on campus are all gung ho to acquire knowledge. They are with no responsibility to anything but their studies. They should have patience with the process of being educated, but not be anxious to make a buck. They should understand that college life is to prepare them to get out and get success at life. 1. 大学生活格外愉快。
校园里的年轻人们都在全力以赴地获取知识他们除了自己的学习，对其他事情无需负责他们应该耐心地体会接受教育的过程，而不要急于去挣钱他们应该知道，校园生活是在为他们走出校园去追求成功作准备 Ex. 15Translate the following paragraphs into English.2. 在一个不断创新的世界，学位不能保证你拥有成功的事业因此，发奋学习是人们普遍的做法他们对终身学习态度积极他们有些人回到学校，在那里他们可以利用学习资源有些人调换工作，以丰富自己的工作阅历甚至在退休以后他们还会投入时间进行学习Translate the whole paragraph.Translate the whole paragraph.a world of constant innovationit’s common practice for people to commit themselves to learningacquire more work experience Ex. 15Translate the following paragraphs into English.In a world of constant innovation, a degree can’t guarantee you a successful career. So it’s common practice for people to commit themselves to learning. They develop positive attitudes toward lifelong learning. Some of them go back to school where they can make use of learning resources. Some change jobs to acquire more work experience. Even after retiring, they will still invest time in learning. 2. 在一个不断创新的世界，学位不能保证你拥有成功的事业。
因此，发奋学习是人们普遍的做法他们对终身学习态度积极他们有些人回到学校，在那里他们可以利用学习资源有些人调换工作，以丰富自己的工作阅历甚至在退休以后他们还会投入时间进行学习 Ex. 16Ex. 16 Ex. 16Re-read Returning to College and decide on the contextual meaning or functional value of the following sentences.1 I thought I’d live to be a hundred. (Line 1) A) AssumptionB) ReasoningC) Explanation D) JustificationAssumption. It serves as an assumptive condition on which the writer would go back to college next fall. Ex. 16Re-read Returning to College and decide on the contextual meaning or functional value of the following sentences.2 I don’t know everything. (Line 4) A) AssumptionB) ReasoningC) Explanation D) JustificationReasoning. It gives the reason why the writer is ready to spend some time learning. Ex. 16Re-read Returning to College and decide on the contextual meaning or functional value of the following sentences.3 I’ve visited a dozen colleges in the last two years, and college life looks extraordinarily pleasant. (Lines 8-10) A) AssumptionB) ReasoningC) Explanation D) JustificationJustification. It justifies the writer’s claim that education is not the only reason that he would go back to college. Ex. 16Re-read Returning to College and decide on the contextual meaning or functional value of the following sentences.4 Here they are with no responsibility to anyone but themselves, a hundred or a thousand ready-made friends, teachers trying to help them, families at home waiting for them to return for Christmas to tell all about their triumphs, three meals a day. (Lines 13-16) A) AssumptionB) ReasoningC) Explanation D) JustificationExplanation. It offers an explanation with examples, showing that college life is one of the best parts of one’s life. Ex. 17Ex. 17 Ex. 17Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to the underlined parts.1. When I walked out of the terminal, I was facing the same crowd of taxi drivers milling about in front of every airport the world over.è______________________________________________________________________________________________________走出机场大楼我就看到外面好多出租汽车司机在穿梭走动，这（一现象）在世界各地的机场都是一样的。
2. Mr. Myles still smiled but his voice had a little bit of irritation in it, unusual to Rob.è______________________________________________________________________________________________________迈尔斯先生仍然面带微笑，可是他的口气却有点不耐烦了罗布很少见到这种情况Ex. 17Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to the underlined parts. è______________________________________________________________________________________________________3. No wonder the sight of elegant buildings along the canals reminded me of Paris, Amsterdam and Venice.难怪，一看见沿河而立的精美建筑时，我就想起了巴黎、阿姆斯特丹和威尼斯。
Ex. 17Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to the underlined parts. è______________________________________________________________________________________________________4. I know now what a joy knowledge can be, independent of anything you do with it.现在我意识到知识给人的巨大乐趣，这与如何使用知识无关Ex. 17Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to the underlined parts. è______________________________________________________________________________________________________5. She wanted to tell John how surprised she was at his knowledge but embarrassment made her hold her peace.她本想告诉约翰，她没有料到他的知识竟有如此渊博，但又觉得有些不好意思，没有说出口。
Ex. 17Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to the underlined parts. Go to Passage AGo to Passage AGo to MenuGo to MenuGo to Passage BGo to Passage B 。