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1、Unit 3 Language in use延续性动词和终止性动词延续性动词和终止性动词 （1）延续性动词和终止性动词的概念 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work,stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 终止性动词也称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, close, finis
2、h, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。 （2）延续性动词的用法特征 1）延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示一段时间的状语连用。表示一段时间的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如： I have learned English since I came here. 自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 2）延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的状语连用。如： It rained at e
3、ight yesterday morning. （误） rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示时间点，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为： It began to rain at eight yesterday morning. 昨天早上八点开始下起了雨。 又如： When did you get to know Jack? Two years ago. Then youve known each other for more than two years. Thats right. （3）终止性动词的用
4、法特征 1）终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成，因 此可用于现在完成时。如： The train has arrived. 火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？ 2）终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用（只限肯定式）。如： He has been dead for three years. =He died three years ago. =It is/has been three years since he died. =Three years has passed since he
5、 died. 他死了三年了。 He has been here for five days. =He came here five days ago. =It is/has been five days since he came here. =Five days has passed since he came here. 他来这儿五天了。 、句中的die和come均为终止性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法： A. 将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几个常见的动词转换：leavebe away,
6、 borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。 B. 将句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如以上两例中的第二种正确表达方式。 C. 用句型It is+一段时间+since.表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 D. 用句型“一段时间+has pas
7、sed+since.”表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。 3）终止性动词可用于现在完成时的否定式中，变成可以延续的状态，此时可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如： I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 我已有两周没收到我父亲的来信了。 4）终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成not+终止性动词+until/till.的句型，意为“直到才”。如： You cant leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了，你才能离开这里。 I will not go to bed until I finish draw
8、ing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。 5）终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的是时间点（从句谓语动词用终止性动词），也可以是一段时间（从句谓语动词用延续性动词）；而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，故从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如： When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. 我们到达伦敦那会儿是十二点。（reach为终止性动词） Please look after my daughter while/when we are
9、 away. 我们离开时请照顾我女儿。（be away为延续性动词短语） 6）终止性动词的完成时不可与how long连用（只限于肯定式）。如： How long have you been here? 你在这儿有多久了？ When did you come here? 你什么时候来这儿的？【话题呈现话题呈现】 本模块围绕“My future life”展开话题，要求学生写一篇毕业晚会的演讲稿或者写一篇关于自己未来生活的文章。【佳句荟萃佳句荟萃】 Im very proud that you have chosen me to speak to you today. 我很荣幸今天你们选我给大家
10、做演讲。 These roses are to thank three groups of people for the three most important things that I have learnt. 这些玫瑰用来表达对三组人的谢意，因为我从他们（那里）学到了最重要的三件事。 They have taught me that there is no success without effort. 他们教我（明白了）不努力就不会成功（的道理）。 You only really lose if you give up. 如果你放弃，（那么）你才真的失败了。 I woke up to
11、 find a beautiful violin at my bedside. 我醒来发现床边放着一把漂亮的小提琴。 Im sure that you all have your own memories about the happiness of the last three years. 我相信你们每个人的记忆里都有过去三年里的快乐。 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 How time flies!Our middle school life will come to an end soon. 光阴似箭！我们的初中生活马上要结束了。
12、Besides, dont be afraid of making mistakes. You should try to learn from mistakes. 除此之外，不要害怕犯错误。你应该尽量从错误中学习。 I hope it can be helpful to you. Wish you success. 我希望这对你有帮助。祝你成功。【写作任务写作任务】 三年快乐而充实的初中生活结束了，你即将进入高中深造。展望未来，你对高中生活充满期待。请以“I Expect My School Life”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 提示：1. 生活、学习环
13、境（餐厅，图书馆，运动场）；2. 师生、同学关系；3. 生活多彩、学业进步；4. 补充一点自己的想法。 要求：1. 文章不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称；2. 要点齐全，语言通顺，意思连贯，书写规范，可以适当发挥。 参考词汇：get along with与相处；colourful多彩的；knowledge知识；habit习惯【写作指导】 1. 由所给话题可知，本文是一篇记叙文，要求展望未来，写对高中生活的期待。 2. 用第一人称写出自己对未来生活的憧憬，可适当增加情态动词。Beginning开门见山开门见山 I will study in a 1 soon. high schoolBody展望未来
14、的学校生活展望未来的学校生活 2. I hope my school is with a dining room and the library .3. I can my teachers and . We can help .4. I expect my school life is colourful. After class, I can . I can surf the Internet to get .5. I .big and clean is full of booksget on well with classmates each other listen to music k
15、nowledge will study hard and try to make progressEnding梦想成真梦想成真 I think my dream can 6 .come true【自主创作自主创作】 I Expect My School Life I will study in a high school soon. Everything is new to me. 【范文展示范文展示】 I Expect My School Life I will study in a high school soon. Everything is new to me. I hope my s
16、chool is big and clean with a large dining room and the library is full of different kinds of books. So I can read them in my spare time. I can get on well with my teachers and classmates. We can help each other. At the same time, I expect my school life is colourful. After class I can listen to mus
17、ic, play chess and basketball. To get more useful knowledge or information, I can surf the Internet. I will keep a good eating habit. Doing exercise often to stay in good spirits. Try my best to make great progress. As long as I stick to it, I can achieve my dream.【升格点拨】 1. 要点齐全，增加了适当的细节。 2. 行文连贯，语言简洁得体。
