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1、IndependentNominative独立主格结构独立主格结构Itrained.Istayedathome.2021/6/302怎样将两个句子合并？怎样将两个句子合并？要求：可以使用连词连词，请将句子合并成并列句并列句。 It rain so/and I stayed at home.并列连词：and, or, but, so, for, when, while, neithernor, eitheror, notbut, not onlybut also2021/6/303要求：可以使用连词连词，请将句子合并为复合句复合句。 Because it rained yesterday, I
2、stayed at home.要求：不适用连词不适用连词，将两个句子合并为一个句子一个句子。 It raining, I stayed at home.2021/6/304比较三句： It rain so/and I stayed at home. Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.Itraining,Istayedathome.2021/6/305独立主格结构的概念：独立主格结构的概念： “独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“
3、独立主格结构”。 2021/6/306独立主格结构的特点：独立主格结构的特点：没有连接词，独立主格部分用“ ，”与主句分开。 两个句子分别有自己的主语和谓语，即独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句 的主语不同。独立主格部分中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与其后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式形成逻辑主谓或动宾关系。2021/6/307独立主格结构的功能：独立主格结构的功能：“独立主格结构”在句中的功能就相当于一个带有自己主语的非限制性状语从句。众所周知非限制性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依附于主句。而有些非限制性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语，在结构上与主句不发生关系，因此成为独立主格结构。
4、其实，虽然叫做独立主格结构，并不是真正的独立，它还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： 。2021/6/308表示时间表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。 the meeting being over 相当于 when the meeting was over Her work done, s
5、he sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 her work done 相当于 when her work was done 表示条件表示条件 The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。 If the condition is favorable 2021/6/309表示原因表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。 Since there was no taxis, He wrapped her up w
6、ith great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑 又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 as the night was dark and frosty 2021/6/3010表示伴随情况表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。 (=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) 表示补充说明表
7、示补充说明 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。 2021/6/3011独立主格结构功能说明：独立主格结构功能说明：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。 2021/6/3012独立主格结构的构成：独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词：Weather permitting, we will have a picnic tomorrow 名词(代词)+形容词：the
8、 condition favorable名词(代词)+副词：the meeting (being) over.（上也有此句） There being+名词： there being nothing else to do, we went home 名词(代词)+不定式：She proposed a picnic, she herself to pay the railway tickets, and Mary to provide the food. 名词(代词) +介词短语： the teacher entered the classroom, book in hand It being +
9、 名词：It being Xmas, the government office was closed 2021/6/3013名词名词/代词代词+形容词形容词 The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the water, with their officers guiding them. It stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open. 名词名词/代词代词+副词副词 Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away. Lunch over, he l
10、eft the house. But he was thinking. 2021/6/3014名词/代词+现在分词 Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。 The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散步。 名词名词/代词代词+过去分词过去分词 “Marquis,” said the boy, turning to the man, his eyes opened wide, and his right hand raised . The question
11、 being settled, we wound up the meeting. 问题解决之后，我 们结束了会议。 2021/6/3015名词名词/代词（主格）代词（主格）+不定式不定式 We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven. 我们十点四十五分集合，队伍十一点准时出发。 We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor. 我们进行了分工，他擦窗户，我扫地 。 Here
12、are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. 这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。 The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friends. 两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。 2021/6/3016名词/代词+介词短语 I followed him here, climbed in, sword in hand. He sat at the table, coat off,
13、head down, and pen in hand. 名词名词/代词代词+名词名词 he fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。 . The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. 那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。 2021/6/3017With的复合结构作独立主的复合结构作独立主格格 表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。 He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his han
14、d raised 【rising亦可】 。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 2021/6/3018独立主格结构有三种类型：独立主格结构有三种类型：1.逻辑主语逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）2.逻辑主语逻辑主语+(being)+表语表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短名词、形容词、副词、介词短语语)3.with/without+复合宾语复合宾语（不定式、现在分词、过去（不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词分词、形容词、副词、介词短语）短语）2021/6/30191.Darkness_i
15、n,theyoungpeoplestrolledonthestreets.A.setB.settingC.hassetD.wasset2.Anewtechnique_,theproductionincreasedby20percent.A.tohavebeenworkedoutB.havingworkedoutC.workingoutD.havingbeenworkedout3.Therearevariouskindsofmetals,each_itsownproperties(特性特性).A.hasB.hadC.tohaveD.having【当堂检测当堂检测】2021/6/30204._,I
16、llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.A.TimepermitsB.IftimepermittingC.TimepermittingD.Timespermitting5._,weallwenthomehappily.A.GoodbyewassaidB.GoodbyehadbeensaidC.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid6.Shestoodthere,_fromhercheeks.A.tearsrollingdownB.tearsrolleddownC.withtearsrolleddownD.tearsrollingdown【当堂检测当
17、堂检测】2021/6/3021（二）无动词独立主格结构（二）无动词独立主格结构1._nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.Therewas B.TherebeingC.BecausetherebeingD.Therewere2._,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.A.ItbeingfineweatherB.ItfineweatherC.ItwasfineweatherD.Itbeingafineweather3._,thehunterwentintotheforest.A.AgunonshoulderB.AgunwasonhisshoulderC.Gun
18、onshoulderD.Agunbeingonshoulder4.;wehadtoputthemeetingoff.A.BecausethemanagerwasillB.ThemanagerbeingillC.ThemanagerwasillD.Beingill2021/6/3022（三）（三）“with/without”引导的独立主格结构引导的独立主格结构1._productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through2.Withalotofwork_,Ihavetosituptonight.A.doB.doingC.doneD.todo3.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkhegladlyacceptedit.A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinished2021/6/3023Thank You！ 结束语结束语若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！
