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1、Lesson Two Lesson Two EvelineEvelineProfile James Joyce (1882- 1941)Irish novelist and poet, was born in Dublin.One of the most innovative novelists of the 20th century & one of the great masters of “the stream of consciousness”.His artistic experiments in writing have recreated the form of modern n
2、ovel.Brief introduction of his lifetimeFearing the economic press and get rid of the family religious bondage .In 1902, when he was 20, he and Nora who he eventually married , went to Europe , successively in France , Switzerland , Italy.In 1905,they and their children lived in Trieste , Italy , sup
3、ported by his job as a language instructor. After 20 years in Paris , early in World War , moved to Zurich , where he died in 1941.techniquesIn his writings, Joyce likes to use references to ancient stories and adopts a completely new style of writing which allows the reader to move inside the minds
4、 of the characters, and presents their thoughts and feelings in a continuous dream. This style is known as “stream of consciousness”, and it has had a powerful influence on the work of many other modernist writers.现代主义小说的结构 在这种结构里，时间、空间、因果等逻辑关系的观念已被突破，故事情节的完整性和连贯性已被放到可有可无的地位；只有意识在过去、现在和将来往返穿梭，片段的回忆、
5、破碎的现实与残存的梦幻交织成一体，呈现出一片光怪陆离的景象。 在个人经验与感觉的无限扩散与复杂运动中，传统概念上的人物性格刻画与故事高潮结局几乎不复存在，故事情节是在对内心世界的描述中零零碎碎地逐渐浮现出来的。Stream of Consciousness 意识流所追求的是将潜在于人们头脑里的思绪和意识，将纷乱复杂、恍惚迷离的内心世界直接地、原本地展现在读者的眼前。 意识流的叙述有很大的跳跃性，它将过去、现在和将来相互交错；同时意识流的写法也具有很大的凝聚力，它可以通过回忆、现实、幻想和梦境等的较之组合，将以往，现在和未来几年、十几年的经历压缩在十几个小时或一天之内加以集中表现。Masterp
6、iecesChamber Music室内音乐（1907）Dubliners都柏林人（1914）A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 一个青年艺术家的画像（1916） (Joyces semi-autobiographical novel. )Exiles流亡者（1918）Ulysses尤里西斯（1922） (an experimental work both in language and devices of narration.)Finnegans Wake芬尼根的苏醒（1939）The Cat And The Devil猫和魔鬼（1936）.th
7、e Revelation of his Worksl the dublin of his experience and imagination was the setting for all his major work.lJoyce had ever stated clearly the aim of his creation of Dubliners was to write a chapter for a moral history of his mother landlOn the one hand,to denounce the moral paralysis, numbness a
8、nd backwardness of the dubliners.l On the other hand,intend to arouse the awareness of peoples senses.the overview of Eveline the brief introduction of the story the analysis of the protagonist, Eveline Hills characteristics.the theme of the story.the brief introduction of the storyEveline is one of
9、 the earliest and best of Joyces short stories,excerpting from the Dubliners. The story tells about a young lady whose name is Eveline Hill. Her life is circumscribed（限制） by her dull job as store clerk and her responsibilities as house keeper and surrogate(代理的） mother for her siblings.（兄弟姐妹） To esca
10、pe from a life of entrapment（困境）, she plans to elope（私奔） with her boy friend, Frank, to Buneos Ayres, where she believes she can get respect, the stable home life, and the tender love she lacks in Dublin. However, Irish paralysis（麻痹）, the conservative religious ideas and her timidity keep her from e
11、loping with her lover.What are the character traits of Eveline? Intellectually, Eveline is timid in nature and hesitant or perplexed in determination and passive in action; in some way she is rather ignorant and conservative, devoid of self-assertion, but she is competent in arranging the housework.
12、 Morally, she is kind to people and dutiful and devoted to her family, filial to her parents. Emotionally, she is passionate to her brothers and nostalgic for the past and also eager for love. But at last she becomes apathetic, revealing the paralytic nature of Dubliners because of religious anaesth
13、esia (麻醉) and her mental confusion and timidity.theme :This story shows us a girls inner world-the eagerness for breaking the bondage mentally,however timidity , indecisiveness and inaction.Eveline was completely coward and paralyzed female, whose awakening consciousness in mind was halfway, whose b
14、ehavior was completely pessimistic, who is a sacrifice of patriarchal society. She was just a representative of the people of Dublin. People there at that time were all numb and puzzled. They were trapped in a dilemma, or even worse, they could not see the light at the end of the tunnel. They felt l
15、onely so they wanted to escape. But, they didnt dare to change. They were terrified to persue something different. So they stayed numb and desperate just like the heroin Eveline in this passage.Structure of the StoryPara. 1-4: background introduction.Para. 5-10: think of the two sides of going away.
16、 decide to goPara.13-14: think of the duty and responsibility to the family hesitant to goPara.16-18: frightened by the misery of the mother decide to goPara.19-the end: totally at a loss about whether to go or not to go and at last fail to go What is the conflict in the story? The conflict is betwe
17、en Evelines desire to leave and her duty to the family or between her desire for freedom and her conservative ideas.Where is the epiphany顿悟?It occurs where Eveline suddenly realizes that she has the right to happiness and Frank will give her life and love as well (para. 18). But her epiphany is not
18、complete, because she is awakened to her right but does not really take action to seek happiness.What point of view does the author use in the story?He uses the third person limited point of view. The central consciousness is Eveline. That is to say, the narrator states the story from the third pers
19、on point of view, but he limits himself only to one characters experience, thoughts and feelings. The illumination of the situation, events and characters is through the main characters mind. Here we observe events and get information through the consciousness of the character, through the quoted mo
20、nologue, so the reader seems to be within her mind, and has her inner vision. The flux of the characters thoughts, impressions, emotions or reminiscences, are recorded without logical order and chronological sequence. Why is Eveline in two minds on the question of leaving or not leaving?She wants to
21、 leave because she is tired of the depressive surrounding, her dull job and an uninteresting and poor life with a brutal, unreasonable and stingy father. On other hand, her future marriage with her boy friend may provide her a happy life.But she hesitates in deciding to go away with her boyfriend be
22、cause she is deeply influenced by the conservative religious ideas. The environmental force, the Irish paralysis and ignorance, her family backgound and her timid nature as well as her dutiful sense to her family cause her into a dilemma which at last prevents her from going away. What does the auth
23、or imply in mentioning the priest in paragraph 3? The mention of the priest shows that Evelines father feels proud of having a priest as his former friend, but he is blind in his faith in Christianity. And it also reveals that Eveline is brought up in an ignorantly religious family background, fores
24、hadowing that she can not free herself from such anaesthetizing religious idea and atmosphere.Why does Eveline pray to God to direct her (Paragraph 18)? Because she is in bewilderment (perplexity) and distress, and the strong influence of religious ideas and her blind belief in God make her ask for
25、Gods help.Symbolsthe odor of dusty cretonne / the dust: the unpleasantness of Dublin, a dry, sterile, dull life, the conservative ideas, the backwardness in Dublin. On the whole it symbolizes monotony, uneventfulness, or confinement and backwardness.the seaThe iron railingfreedom or the hope of a ne
26、w life, but also danger and death or uncertainty. So the sea actually embodies her dilemma: it offers escape and life, but also threatens death.The fixed, stiff and confined life; a cage for the bird Eveline.What strikes you most about the story in language and style?The language is slangy, informal
27、 and colloquial, which well represents the characters educational background.The style is indirect free, because the author mainly uses free indirect thought presentation to catch a series of thoughts and images that switch rapidly back and forth between the present, the past and the future in the m
28、ind of the character. This technique helps the author illustrate how Eveline is in two minds in deciding to go or not. In reading the story, we have to do some imaginative work to recreate the events, but we can gain the illusion of being present to the private thoughts of Eveline. What is the narra
29、tive tone of the writing? Sad , sympatheticWhat does the author want to convey to the reader in this short story?The author wants to reveal: “escape”, “frustration” and “paralysis” or living death.Environmental force determines a persons existence and fate.Perplexity and timidity will not lead to ha
30、ppiness or that a hopeful marriage can be destroyed by conservativeness and spiritual paralysis.Freedom can only be obtained by breaking the bondage or confinement of unreasonable conventions and burdens.In what way does the story reveal the confinement of gender role?The story “Eveline” through the
31、 representation of Evelines and her mothers life shows that women at that time should be domestic, sacrificial and votive to the family, but they dont have the right to determine or control things independently, even their own life, marriage and fate; they have to accept their unbearable life passiv
32、ely and endure miseries silently and obediently. So it is an exposure of the unreasonableness of traditional feminine quality and role. But Evelines awareness of her mothers miserable life and her desire to seek a new life and a real happy marriage reveals the awakening of her female consciousness.O
33、ne time there used to be a field there in which they used to play every evening with other peoples children.句中in which引导一个表示地点的定语从句修饰field. one time 曾经，一度E.g. At one time we used to go skiing every winter. 我一度每个冬天都去滑雪。Used to be表示“过去经常”。 E.g. Life here is much easier than it used to be.如今这里的生活比从前可舒服
34、多了。be used to (doing) sth “习惯，适应”。 E.g. The food in England is strange at first but you will soon get used to it.英国食物一开始吃不惯，但不久你就会适应。Her father used often to hunt them in out of the field with his blackthorn stick; (2)hunt本意为“打猎”，这里是“驱赶；赶走”的意思。 E.g. Hunt the neighbors cat out of the garden! 把邻居的猫赶出花
35、园！in这里是副词，hunt in这里可译为“赶回家去”。keep nix (2) 这里是俚语，意为“监视；站岗”；相当于”keep watch”。dust (v): remove dust from (sth.) by wiping, brushing or flicking 抹去或拂去尘土 dust the furniture拂去家具上的灰土Dust yourself down. You are covered in chalk Perhaps she would never see again those familiar objects from which she had never
36、 dreamed of being divided.句中from which引导一个从句修饰objects,其中divide from连用，表示“与分开”。 not dream of sth/doing sth 无论如何也不做某事 dream of/about sth/doing sth 梦见某事物consent to do (4)意为“同意”。E.g. They finally consented to go with us.他们最终同意跟我们一起走。还可以说：“consent to sth.”。E.g. She made the proposal, and I readily consen
37、ted to it.她提出建议，我欣然同意。She tried to weigh each side of the question. (4)weigh本意为“称重”。E.g. This piece of meat weighs four pounds. 这片肉重四磅。在这里是“衡量”的意思。E.g. to weight the pros and cons权衡正反两方面的意见。and her place would be filled up by advertisement. (4)fill本意为“添满”，这里意为“派某人担任某职”。E.g. The vacancy has already b
38、een filled.空缺已有人补上。She had always had an edge on her, especially whenever there were people listening. (4)have edge on/over sb.意为“略胜过”。E.g. The young tennis player definitely had the edge on his folder opponent.年轻的网球选手显然要比年长的那个对手略胜一筹。在本文中可理解为“总想压她一头”。go for(8)在本文中意为“攻击；打”。E.g. The newspaper really w
39、ent for him over his defense of terrorism.报纸对他偏袒恐怖主义的行为大肆攻击。go for somebody 攻击某人 The dog went for the postman as soon as he opened the garden gate. 邮递员一打开花园门，那狗便向他扑了过去。另外，go for还有以下常见的意思：1)适用于。What I said about Smith goes for you, too.我说的有关史密斯的话也适用于你。2)去找来。Shall I go for a doctor? 我去请医生来好吗？3)喜欢。I do
40、nt go much for modern art.我不太喜欢现代艺术。4)选择。I think Ill go for the fruit salad.我想我还是要水果沙拉吧。For the sake of sb./for sb.s sake，意为“为了某人起见”。E.g. Ill help you for your sisters sake.看在你姐姐的面子上，我会帮助你。Only这里是“要不然；要不是”的意思。E.g. He would probably do well in the examination only he gets very nervous.他要不是考试时太紧张，成绩可能
41、会不错。这句话可译为“要不是看在她死在的母亲的面上，他会怎样对待他。”weary(v): make sb. feel annoyed or impatient 使人感到烦恼或不耐烦It wearies me to have to explain everything in such detail. 我把一切切都解释得那么详细，真烦人。 She was wearied by the constant noise.他很厌烦那些没完没了的噪声。(a): very tired; tired of sth.疲劳的，对无兴趣的They felt weary after all their hard wor
42、k. 干完所有的重活，他们已是筋疲力尽。 I am weary of hearing about your problems.我听腻了你那些麻烦事。Elbow ones way through用肘朝一方向强行开路，e.g. He elbowed his way through the crowd.他用肘开路，从人群中挤过 She had hard work to keep the house together and to see that the two young children who had been left to her charge went to school regular
43、ly and got their meals regularly. (8)本句中，charge译为“照管，监护”。E.g. to leave a child in a friends charge把孩子留给朋友照顾。 He had fallen on his feet in Buenos Ayres. (9)fall on ones feet 表示“迅速恢复”，这里可译为“站稳脚跟”。when she had been laid up for a day(12) lay up表示“卧床不起”。be laid up 被迫卧床休息E.g. I have been laid up with flu
44、for a week.我患流感已在家休息了一个星期了。 He was laid up with SARS for a few days. 非典型性肺炎使他卧床数日。Strange that it should come that very night to remind her of the promise to her mother, her promise to keep the home together as long as she could. (13)strange前省略了It is，这种结构后面的宾语从句通常要用should+动词原形的虚拟语气结构。her promise to
45、keep the home together as long as she could为前面the promise的同位语，进一步说明promise的内容。Keep the home together这里意为“维持这个家”。passage (n): voyage; action of going through or across; passing of a bill by a parliament so that it becomes law渡海到來地；通过He couldnt afford his fare to Australia, so he worked his passage.因付
46、不起去澳大利亚的船票，他就在船上打工抵付。The old bridge is not strong enough to allow the passage of heavy vehicles.这座桥不够牢，重型车辆不能通过。Catch a glimpse of意为“一眼瞥见”。E.g. He caught a glimpse of her before she banished into the crowd.他看见她一闪就在人群中消失了。 fervent (a): showing warmth and sincerity of feeling; enthusiastic; passionate
47、 热忧的，强烈的 The lawyer made a fervent plea for clemency.律师强烈要求从宽处理。The soldiers maintained a fervent loyalty to the general who had led them to victory.士兵对带领他们获胜的将军忠心耿耿。 （补充）cripple & disable v.使失去正常活动能力或力量 cripple指身体受到伤害，使不能正常走动。 He was crippled when he broke his hip.当他跌断臀骨时便成了跛子。 disable指使永久性地丧失身体某一部
48、分的功能。 The man is disabled in a car accident. forbid & prohibitv. 禁止，不准 forbid常指直接或私人下令，或指定规则以禁止，并希望他人遵循。 Toms father forbade him to smoke.汤姆的父亲不许他吸烟。 prohibit特指法令禁止 Smoking is prohibited in theaters. 戏院里禁止吸烟。 anguish & agony n. 痛苦 anguish比较正式，除指精神或肉体上的剧烈痛苦之外，还表示苦恼，不快乐 She looked on in anguish at her
49、 childs suffering.她在旁边痛苦地看着她孩子受苦。 agony指肉体或精神上的极度痛苦 The child was badly hurt and was in agony all the evening. crowd & throng n. 人群 crowd 充满、拥挤在一定空间里的人群，但更强调指无秩序、杂乱的人群 There were large crowds of people in the streets on New Years Eve. throng挤塞在一起的一群人或成群朝同一个方向费力前行的一堆人 Where there is a real bargain fo
50、r sale, there is sure to be a throng of people at the counter. feature & characteristicn. 特征，特点 feature 意为特色，指一些典型的或重要的或有意思的特点。 An account of the fire was a feature of the Sunday supplement.关于火灾的报道是星期天增刊中吸引读者的部分。 characteristic特征，指人或事物某方面的典型特点，不能反映事物的整体属性。 He has the Welsh characteristics.书后练习词义辨析书后
51、练习词义辨析1. (Invariably, Unchangeably) strict with himself, he went over the accounts yet another time. Invariably: if something invariably happens or is invariably true, it always happens or is true Unchangeably: not likely to change, or changing often 2. Many people are worried by what they think is
52、(unaccustomed, undesirable) scenes on TV for the children. Unaccustomed: not used to something Undesirable: something or someone that is undesirable is not welcome or wanted because they may affect a situation or person in a bad way 3. It is impossible to sort out all the (squabbles, debates) among
53、the children. Sometimes one just has to ignore them. Squabbles: to argue about something unimportant Debates: to discuss a subject formally when you are trying to make a decision or find a solution 4. It is such a (pitiful, sympathetic) sight to see the elderly people sitting on park benches, lonely
54、 and expressionless. Pitiful: someone who is pitiful looks or sounds so sad and unfortunate that you feel very sorry for them(直接修饰人) Sympathetic: caring and feeling sorry about someones problems(可跟人或物或动作) 5. The party over, the guests gone, she looked at the empty rooms and sank into (anguish, melan
55、choly). Anguish: mental or physical suffering caused by extreme pain or worry Melancholy: a feeling of sadness for no particular reason 6. He (stumbled, tumbled) on the pavement and twisted his ankle. Stumble: to walk in an unsteady way and often almost fall Tumble: to fall down quickly and suddenly
56、, especially with a rolling movement 7. What happened to them on the trip was a nightmare, which left them (unspeakably, pitifully) furious for weeks. Unspeakably: unspeakable feelings are so extreme that it is impossible to describe them Pitifully: very bad in quality(作副词只表示这个意思) (上述为形容词解释) 8 The vulgar commercial which followed broke the (spell, appeal) of the film. Break the spell: to make someone stop paying all their attention to something, or to make a time stop feeling special Appeal: an urgent request for something important(作为名词的其中一个意思)
