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1、n1.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehad_(很难跟上班上同学)inmathsandEnglish.(2009.6)n2.Thestudyshowsthatthepoorfunctioningofhumanbodyis_(与缺乏锻炼密切相关).(2009.6)n3.Youdbettertakeasweaterwithyou_(以防天气变冷).(2008.12)n真题：_(很多人没有意识到的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.(2009.6)n真题：Man
2、yAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife_(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的),nothowmuchtheycanearn.(2007.12)n真题：Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_(我比以前更容易累了).(2007.12)n真题：Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems_(他们至今还没有答案)(2008.12)n真题：_(与我成长的地方相比),thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.(2008.6)n真
3、题：Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,_(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).(2007.12)n【真题】_(大多数父母所关心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.(2008.12)n【真题】You would not have failed if_(按按照我的指令去做照我的指令去做).(2009.12)n【真题真题】The victim _(本来会有机会活下来本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006.12)n【真题真题】Not only_(
4、他向我收费过高他向我收费过高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either.(2006.6新新)nWith the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk _(说服他不买车说服他不买车).n_ (保持幽默感有助于保持幽默感有助于) reduce stress and promote creative thinking in todays competitive society.nWhen confronted with the evidence, _ (他不得不坦白自己的罪行他不得不坦白自己的罪行).n Only
5、 in this way _(我我们们才才能能在在毕毕业业之之后很快适应社会后很快适应社会).nShe has decided to go on a diet, but finds _(很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑).nWhy didnt you tell me you could lend me the money? I -(本来不必从银行借本来不必从银行借钱的钱的).nyou had followed my instructions /you had followed my ordersnwould have had a chance to survive/would have
6、 had a chance of survivalndid he overcharge me/did he charge me too muchnhim out of buying a carnKeeping a sense of humor helpsnhe had (no choice but) to confess his crime)ncan we adapt (ourselves) to the society quickly after we graduatenit hard to resist the temptation of ice creamnneednt have bor
7、rowed it from the bankWriting（1）作文类型分析n四级英语写作常涉及的体裁主要有四类：议论文、说明文、记叙文和应用文。四级写作着重测试考生用文字评论和说明事物的能力。因此，体裁上比较偏重议论文和说明文。四级写作中：n说明文（report）主要包括现象解释型和问题解决型；议论文（argumentation）主要包括对比选择型和观点论证型；记叙文主要是叙述一件事情的经过并谈谈由此引发的感想，如车祸、生病；应用文则以信函为主，包括建议信、拒绝信、投诉信等。构建文章结构n现象解释型：基本方法为：描述现象分析原因对现象做出预测或如何促进（限制）这种现象的进一步发展。n对比选择
8、型：基本方法为：阐述一种观点或态度并表明这种观点或态度正确的理由；阐述第二种（相对或相反的）观点或态度并说明这种观点或态度正确的理由；表明个人支持或反对以上观点或态度，并说明原因。n问题解决型：基本方法为：提出问题分析问题解决问题。n观点论证型：基本方法为：分析主题得出结论举例论证得出结论（证明观点的正确性）。n应用文基本方法为：分析所给情景选择写作方法。n英语四级作文题目：WomenintheModernWorld“1.Womenareplayinganincreasinglyimportantpartinsocietytoday._2.Withthechangesintheirsocial
9、role,womenspositioninthefamilyhasbeenimprovedaswell._3.Inspiteofthesechanges,theliberationofwomenhasnotbeencompletelyrealized._（5分段）Womenareplayinganincreasinglyimportantpartinsocietytoday.Longage,womenonlydidsomethinginthekitchenorathome.Nowmanyofthemhaveseriousjobstoserveforpeople.Whatmencandosoca
10、nwomen.Withthechangesintheirsocialrole,womenspositioninthefamilyhasbeenimprovedaswell.Todayinthefamily,thewifeoftenlotsherhusbandtodosomethingathomebatago,onlywomendidsomething.Menarefonedofdoingsomethingathome.Inspiteofthesechanges,theliberationofwomenhasnotbeencompletelyrealized.Sometimes,thematte
11、r,thehusbandhittinghaswelf,oftenhappened.Inthefactorythewonmentoasmuchasthemen,buttheyarepaidlessthanthemen.Somepeoplehavenotcompletelyrealizedtheliberationofwomen.Womenareplayinganincreasinglyimportantpartinsocietytoday.InManycountries,moreandmorewomenareactingasworkers,farmers,scientistsandevenlea
12、ders.Wecansaythatalmostalljobswhichmencandoaredoneperfectlybywomen.Womenarenolongerlookeddownuponbysociety.Withthechangesintheirsocialrole,womenspositioninthefamilyhasbeenimprovedaswell.Husbandandwifearenowequalinthefamily.Theycopewithproblemsofdailylifetogether,andsharehappinesswitheachother.Also,y
13、oucanhardlyfindoutthatintodaysfamilies,womenarebeingbusywithdinners,whereasmencomfortablysittinginarmchairs,readingnewspapers.Inspiteofthesechanges,theliberationofwomenhasnotbeencompletelyrealized.Anumberofmenstilljealouslyguardtheirrights,andregardwomenasincapablecreature.Fewwomenareallowedtoattend
14、importantinternationalmeetingsdominatedbymen.Thatsreallytheproblemsweshouldsolveimmediately.（14分段）观点对比型（argumentation）n1.阐述正反两面的理由，最后表明个人支持或反对以上观点或态度，并说明原因。2008年6月1.有人认为网络可以让学习、工作更有效率2. 还有人认为网络让青少年沉迷，进而影响学习3. 你对于网络的看法2006年12月1、许多人喜欢看cctv 春节晚会2、但有的人认为应该取消； 3、你的看法 nTheInternetIntheeraofinformationandt
15、echnology,theInternethasplayedanimprotantroleinoursociety.WiththeInternet,itseasytogettheinformationweneed,improvingtheefficiencyofourstudyandwork.WecantdenythatitisimpossibleforlotsofpeopletoachievegreatsuccessinthemodernsocietywithouttheInternet.However,somepeoplethinkthattheInternethasabadeffecto
16、nthegrowthoftheteenagers.TheteenagersaretooyoungtoresistsometemptationsfromtheInternet.SomeofthemindulgethemselvesintheInternetandatlastareluredawayfromthestudy.Inmyopinion,weshouldpaymoreattentiontotheadvantagesoftheInternetandmakethemostofit.Meanwhile,weshouldteachtheteenagershowtousetheInternetpo
17、sitively,andmaketheInternetatoolfortheirhealthydevelopment.解题方法：1.分类法当题目对象太宽泛抽象的时候，我们把讨论对象具体化，对其加以分类e.g. Some people think old buildings should be destroyed and replaced with modern buildings. Do you agree or disagree? Some high-school graduates go to travel or work for a period of time before they
18、go to study in universities. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of this practice to their studies in university.2.替代法当发现题目中有出现-est.only(唯一的）或者ban/stop这类词汇的时候，这样的命题在逻辑上站不住脚。解题方式就是举出反例子。 观点对比型文章结构观点对比型文章结构开头段（3-4）1.介绍社会背景2.交代要辩论的话题3.用自己的话转述一下原题的观点第二段1.概括本段的观点2.第一个理由3.一句话来解释，支持第一个分论点4第二个理由5.一句话解释，支持第
19、三段让步段1.概括本段论点2.支持论点的理由3.一句话来解释，支持这个分论点4.不妥的地方5.一句话解释支持结尾段1.概括让步段自己不太倾向的观点2.概括自己更倾向的观点3.提出我们应该怎么做的希望或一句话概括n开头段：Inthepresentage,areplayingincreasingimportantrolesinourlives.(不好的现象inthepresentday,theissueof.isincreasingsevere).Butinthemeantime,whether(话题）hassparkedmuchdebate.Somepeopleassertthat.whilem
20、anyarguethat.第二段：ConvincingargumentcanbemadethatTostartwithThereforeMoreoverSpecifically,（具体来说）第三段：AdmittedlyThereasonforthisthatObviouslyEvenso(尽管如此)Forinstance结尾段：Insummery,Iwouldconcedethat(我承认概括让步段观点)Despitethat.(尽管.更倾向的观点)Overall,Iamconvincedthatweshould(我们应该做的)nSome people contend that adverti
21、sing has positive impact on society while others think it also has negative influence . Discuss. Convincing argument can be made that advertising brings numerous benefits to our lives . To start with, advertisements inform us about the latest products on the market. Therefore, with the help of ads,
22、customers can make their shopping experience more economical and time-consuming. Moreover, elaborate advertisements can be a genuine art form . Specifically, creative ads can afford us diverse amusements, thereby brightening up our lives. nAdmittedly, advertising can carry potential drawbacks . The
23、reason for this is that today a large proportion of advertisements is misleading. Obviously, the huge profits generated by advertising has prompts many companies to present incorrect information about their products . Even so, it is worth nothing that most governments have been taking strict steps t
24、o combat misinformation in advertising. For instance, in China this year , over 350 false advertisements were identified and exposed and their sponsor companies were punished accordingly on March 15th, the International Consumer Rights Day.nIn summery, I would concede that the proliferation of the a
25、dvertising industry has its adverse effects . Despite that, the benefits created by advertising far outweigh the disadvantages . Overall, I am convinced that we should further promote the development of advertising and meanwhile the government should introduce measures to regulate this industry more
26、 effectively. n1-1结论性-通过对文章前面的讨论,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点.1.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat.2.Insummary/Inaword,itismorevaluable.n1-2后果性-揭示所讨论的问题若不解决,将产生的严重后果.1.Wemustcallforanimmediatemethod,becausethecurrentphenomenonof.,ifallowedtoproceed,willsurelyleadtotheheavycostof.2.Obv
27、iously,ifweignore/areblindtotheproblem,thereiseverychancethat.willbeputindanger.n1-3号召性-呼吁读者行动起来,采取行动或提请注意.1.Itistimethatweurgedanimmediateendtotheundesirabletendencyof.2.Itisessentialthateffectivemeasuresshouldbetakentocorrectthetendency.n1-4建议性-对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见,包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法.1.Whileitcannotbesolv
28、edimmediately,stillthereareways.Themostpopularis.Anothermethodis.Stillanotheroneis.2.Awareness/Recognitionoftheproblemisthefirststeptowardthesituation.n1-5 方向性的结尾方式 - 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景. 1. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enou
29、gh. The problem should be recognized in a wide way .n2. There is no quick method to the issue of ., but . might be helpful/beneficial.n3. The great challenge today is . There is much difficulty ,but .2-6 意义性的结尾方式 - 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义! 1. Following these suggestions may not guarant
30、ee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit .2. In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly .nMotorcycle and city trafficWith all the disadvantages motorcycles may have , I think they will no
31、t stop increasing in number . But some measures have to be taken to ensure their healthy growth. Some specific traffic rules must be laid down and some limitation be placed on their production and use. and most importantly, some new models using cleaner fuel and with effective safety devices should
32、be designed to replace some of the present clumsy ones.When we enjoy the advantages bought by , we should not forget the adverse effects it may bring us as well.is like a doubt-edged sword, we should make the best use of one edge and try not be hurt by the other.I think it cant be ignored that the l
33、imited resources on earth if nothing is done about., the future of mankind will be indeed gloomy and hopeless.I believe the advantages of .far outweigh its disadvantages . The suggestion to be made is that the government take effective measure to solve the possible problems so that it can develop in
34、 a sound way. n分析解释类n描述现象分析原因提出方案（对现象做出预测、如何促进（限制）现象发展的解决方案。2009年12月四级真题作文nCreateagreencampusn1.建设绿色校园十分重要n2.绿色校园不仅指绿色环境n3.为了建设绿色校园我们应该2009年年6月月nFreeadmissiontomuseumsn越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么?n也会带来一些问题n你的看法2008年12月LimitingtheUseofDisposalBags1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用塑的意义nReport文章结构：第一段：1.交代分析的话题2.强调这个
35、话题正在引起关注3.说明这篇文章主要内容第二段（原因段）;1.原因（1）2. 解释支持原因（1）3. 原因（2）4.解释支持原因（2）第三段（解决方案）模板：In the present day , the human society is progressing rapidly on various fronts . Yet at the same time , many problems have arisen. A serious one of which .This issue has drawn widespread attention . In this essay, I will
36、 analyze some possible causes of this this phenomenon and then propose some solutions . nIn this age of change , the human society is progressing rapidly on various fronts . Yet at the same time, many problems have arisen , a serious one of which is the shortage of fresh water . This issue has drawn
37、 widespread attention . In this essay, I will analyze some possible causes of this phenomenon and then propose some problem. nItisobviousthecausesofdiverse.nInthefirstplace,nforinstance.ninthesecondplace,.nspeciallynIt is obvious that the causes of the present water crisis are diverse. In the first
38、place, the population explosion is the root cause of the crisis. An illustration of this point is over the past half century, the world population has more than doubled and this growth rate shows no sign of slowing down; therefore, household and industrial use of water has been shooting up since the
39、 end of WWII. In the second place, the widespread deterioration of the Earth s ecosystem is a major cause of this solution . Specifically, currently a vast number of factories are dumping their waste into rivers and lakes , which seriously undermines the worlds ecosystem. Finally, the overexploitati
40、on of water resources plays a pivotal role in water shortage . Obviously , today only in very few countries do citizens have the awareness of the importance of saving water and using water properly; as a consequence, a vast amount of fresh water is wasted on a daily basis. nAccording.thesolutionstot
41、hisissuealsobevaried.First,.forexample,.then,.indeed,.aboveall,.researchhasprovedthat.nToconclude,severalfactorscontributeto.Iamconvincedthatweshouldtakemeasuresincluding.and.tosolvethisdisturbingproblem.nAccordingly,thesolutionstothisproblemshouldbevariedaswell.Tobeginwith,governmentsshouldgiveprio
42、ritytothecontrollingoftheincreaseofthepopulation.Forexample,itisessentialthatothernationslearnfromchinasonechildpolicy.Then,theconceptofsustainabledevelopmentshouldbespread.Indeed,anyformofoverexploitingnaturalresourcesmustbeforbiddenwhilepreservationoftheecosystemshouldberespected.nInsum,severalfac
43、torscontributetowaterscarcity.Iamconvincedthatweshouldtakeeffectivesteps,includingbirthcontrol,promotionofsustainabledevelopmentandresearchaboutnewfreshwaterresources,toalleviatethismodern-dayproblem,n 结论段的写作 n1） 重述或总结主题 首段照应。 Families offer us warmth and care. Friends give us strength and horizon.
44、They both help us understand the world as it is. Both of them are the dearest parts in our life. 2） 提出建议 Since postcards do us more harm than good, since we have many other ways to convey our feelings and promote our friendship, I hope everyone will take actions now to stop using postcards. 3） 概括总结
45、As we can see from the above, living in the suburb we can stay away from pollution, lead an easy leisure time, and neednt invest too much money, so I prefer living in the suburb to living in the city. 4） 引用名人名言 In particular, I enjoy what Francis Bacon said Studies serve for delight, for ornament an
46、d for ability. 5)综合法 与首段一样，结论段也可以是多种方法的综合。一般说来，总结加建议的比较多。 n尾段示例1： 如网络的结论段可以如下所示： 10） As we all know, the next century will become one of the Internet. The Internet will become more and more important in both our daily life and our work. So I suggest that schoolchildren should start using the Interne
47、t. 11） So I think school children not only can start using the Internet, but also should start using it. They are sure to benefit a lot from the Internet. 12） The Internet can help our children know the world, get useful information and enrich their knowledge. So I think schoolchildren can start usi
48、ng the Internet. 13） In a word (In conclusion/ In summary/ To sum up / In short), the Internet is playing a more and more important role in our life and it is helpful for childrens growth both physically and mentally. It is better for them to start using the Internet as early as possible. n1) 提出建议:
49、nIt is high time that we put an end to the (trend).nIt is time to take the advice of and to put special emphasis on the improvement of nThere is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of nObviously,. If we want to do something , it is essential that nOnly in this way can we nIt mus
50、t be realized that n2) 预示后果: nObviously, if we dont control the problem, the chances are that will lead us in danger. nNo doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that nIt is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. nAt this rate of wasting away natura
51、l resources, the human world is bound to be destroyed on day.nIf you still dont stop committing small misconducts, youll surely end up in jail.nWith the current development of industry, all the living creatures on the surface of the global are doom determinedly.n5)列出解决办法或建议采取措施:nHerearesomesuggestionsforhandlingnThebestwaytosolvethetroublesisnPeoplehavefiguredoutmanywaystosolvethisproblem.nWeshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasuresnWeshouldtryourbesttoovercome（conquer）thedifficultiesnWeshoulddoourutmostindoingsthnWeshouldsolvetheproblemsthatweareconfronted（faced）with
