§ 医学英语的词缀类别 1. …..炎: the inflammation of …// -itis§肝炎，动脉炎，扁桃体炎， 血管炎，肾炎，喉气管支气管炎，胰腺炎，盲肠炎， 卵巢炎，毛囊炎，结肠炎，前列腺炎，膀胱炎，脊髓灰质炎，脑炎，心内膜炎，胸膜炎，滑膜炎，全关节炎，肺炎 § hepatitis肝炎; hepat/o: liver§ arteritis动脉炎; arter/o: artery§ tonsillitis扁桃体炎; tonsill/o: tosil§vasculitis血管炎; vascul/o: vas/o: vessel§nephritis肾炎; nephr/o: kidney § laryngeotracheobronchitis喉气管支气管炎;§ (larynx) ( trachea) (bronchus)§pancreatitis胰腺炎; pancreat/o: pancreas § cecitis盲肠炎; cec/o: cecum,ceca§ ovaritis; oophoritis卵巢炎; ovary=oophron § folliculitis毛囊炎; follicul/o: follicle§ colitis=colonitis结肠炎; col/o: colon§prostatitis前列腺炎; prostat/o: prostate§cystitis膀胱炎; cyst/o: bladder, cyst§poliomyelitis脊髓灰质炎; poli-: grey; myel/o: bone marrow, spinal cord(骨髓) § cephalitis脑炎; cephal/o: head §endocarditis心内膜炎; cardi/o: heart§ pleuritis胸膜炎; pleur/o:pleura§ synovitis滑膜炎; synov/o: synovia§panarthritis全关节炎;pan-: all; arthr/o:§ joint§ pneumonia肺炎 2. …痛… §headache, stomachache §….the pain of ; ache, -algia; -agra; -dynia神经痛,胸痛,乳突痛，乳痛，心痛， 足痛风， 胃痛，关节痛， 头痛，腹痛，腿痛，胸骨痛，剑突痛 § neuralgia神经痛; neur/o: nerve;§ thoracalgia=pectoralgia胸痛; pector/o: thorac/o: chest§ mastoidalgia乳突痛; mastoid:乳突§ mastalgia乳痛; mast/o: breast § algometer测痛仪 §cardiodynia心痛§podagra or podalgia足痛风; pod/o:foot; §gastralgia胃痛 ; gastr/o: gaster, stomach§arthralgia关节痛; arthr/o: joint§cephalodynia头痛; cephal/o: head§abdominalgia腹痛; abdomin/o: abdomen §skelalgia腿痛; skel/o: skelos, leg§sternodynia胸骨痛; stern/o:sternum, § breat bone§xiphoidalgia, xiphodynia剑突痛; § xiphoid/o: xiph/o: xiphoid 3..…术…operation of….§缝合术， 固定术， 切除术， 切开术，造口术，穿刺术，碎石术，折骨术， 灌洗术， 成形术，结扎术， 造影术 §缝合术:-orraphy§ aneurysmorraphy (suture) ;动脉瘤缝术§ aneurysm:动脉瘤§切除术: ectomy: removal § pharyngectomy咽切除 § pharyng/o: pharynx; §固定术: -pexy: fixing§ hysteropexy(fixing); hysteropexia(fixing) § 子宫固定术 § hyster, uterus, womb (子宫)§ rectopexy直肠固定术 § rect/o: rectum §appendectomy: 阑尾切除术§ append/o: appendic/o: appendix阑尾§ gastrectomy: 胃切除术； § gastr/o: gaster; stomach§ splenectomy: 脾切除术； § splen/o：spleen §切开术: -tomy: process of cutting§ tracheotomy:气管切开； § trache/o: trachea;windpipe 气管§ hysterotomy: 子宫切开；§ craniotomy: 颅骨切开； § crani/o: cranium, skull§ § nephrotomy:肾切开术; nephr/o: ren/o: kidney§celiotomy 剖腹术celi/o: abdomen; belly§结扎术: -desis： binding together§ aneurysmodesis: 动脉瘤结扎 §切器，切刀-tome: instrument for cutting§ thoracotome开胸刀； § thorac/o: thorax, chest胸§碎石术:-tripsy：crushing§ lithotripsy：碎石术 ； lith/o: stone :结石 §造口/吻合术: ostomy: process of making an§ opening or a connection between…)§ gastrostomy胃造口术 § esophagogastrostomy;食管胃吻合术§ esophagus:食管(aɪsɔfəgəs) § duodenoenterostomy: 十二指肠吻合术§ duoden/o: duodenum十二指肠；§ enter/o:intestine; small intestine 肠，小肠 §穿刺术: -centesis:surgical puncture to withdraw fluid; 或者 –nyxis: pricking穿刺§ amniocentesis :羊膜穿刺术§ amni/o:amnion羊膜§ hyalnyxis: 玻璃体穿刺术; § hyal/o:glass, glasslike, transparent玻片样的; 透明的 §折(骨)术: -clasia：fracture， breaking§ osteoclasia：折骨术§ oste/o: bone § 灌洗术: -clysis：washing§ bronchoclysis：支气管灌洗术； § bronch/o:bronchus支气管 §造影术: -graphy: process of recording§ arteriography: 动脉造影；arteri/o: artery§ phlebography： 静脉造影§ phleb/o ven/o:vein§ angiography: 血管造影 angi/o: vessel§ vas/o: vessel 血管，输精管§ nephrography: 肾造影 nephr/o: kidney §成形术: -plasty: surgical reshaping§valvoplasty: 瓣膜成形术; valv/o: valve瓣膜§ osteplasty骨成形术； §myoplasty 肌成形术§ my/o: muscle肌§整形术：ortho-: straight; § orthopedic 整形外科的； § orthopod整形外科医生； orthotherapy整形疗法 4.方位/时间方面的词缀§上： upper//superior; epi-; supra-§ epithelium上皮组织；§ supracostal上肋的； cost/o: rib肋骨§ epicondyle上髁; condyle:髁§ supercerebellar小脑上的; cerebell/o: cerebellum§下：lower//inferior; infra-; sub-§ subcutaneous 皮下的； cutane/o: skin§ infratracheal气管下的; trachea=windpipe §前：front//anterior//prior// fore-; ante-; pre-; antero-§ forehead前额§ anteroposterior [æntərə'pəʊsterɪər前后的 § precirrhosis [prɪsɪ‘rəʊsɪs]前期肝硬化；cirrhosis [sə’rəʊsɪs] 肝硬变§ antepartal产前的; part/o: give birth§ prodroma//prodrome前驱病症: an early symptom that a disease is developing or that an attack is about to occur §后：back//posterior// post-; retro-§ postheptical肝后的； heptic/o: liver;§ postprandial餐后的； prand/o:meals§ retrocardiac心后的；cardi/o:heart§postpharyngeal咽后的 ; pharyng/o: pharynx咽 §内：inner//internal// in-; endo-; ento-; entro-; intro-;§ inhale, inhalation吸入§ endoscopy内窥镜检； -scopy：visual exam§ entocranial颅内的；crani/o: skull, cranium§ intra-arachnoid [ə'ræknɔɪd] 珠网膜内的§ encelitis内脏炎; celi/o: abdomen腹腔§ §外：outer//external//ex-; exo-; ultra-； extra-；§ extract抽出； exhale呼出§ excretion排泄物； exocardial心外的§ ultraviolet紫外线; ultra-: beyond§ 腹膜外的:extraperitoneal; peritoneum腹膜 §间：inter-; between; § intermuscular肌肉间的；§ intercostal肋间的§ interchondral软骨间的; § chondr/o: chartilage软骨§ §副，旁： on the side of; para-; § parathyroid甲状旁腺§ pararenal肾旁的 ren/o： kidney§parenteral肠胃外的; § enter/o: intestine, small intestine §反； 对立： opposite; conter-; contra-;§ counterpart对等物或人； § countershock抗休克§ contraindication忌讳症§ §全： pan-: whole, all§ pancarditis全心肌炎; § pancolectomy泛结肠切除；col/o:colon结肠§ panmyelosis全骨髓增生§中:mid;§ midabdomen中腹部§中心：central; centri-, centra-; centro-§ centrifugation离心； § centralize v.§ centronucleus中心核 §周：around; peri-;§ perioperative手术期间的，§ peritoneum腹膜§ periadenitis腺周炎; aden/o: gland§ pericarditis心包炎§ 5.颜色方面的词缀 §颜色：colour, chrom-; chromo-; chromat/o;§ chromosome染色体； -some: body§ chromatin染色板§ chromatometer比色计; -meter: instrument for measuring §白：白：white；； leuk/o: alb/o:, albin/o: album-: § leukocyte白细胞；白细胞； leukemia白血病白血病§ leukocyteuria尿白细胞症尿白细胞症§ albinism白化病白化病§ albumin白蛋白白蛋白; § leukoderma白斑白斑; derm/o: skin§ leukonychia白甲白甲; onych/o: nail§ leukopoiesis白细胞生成白细胞生成§(-poiesis: 生成生成production,formation §黑：black; melano-;§ melanoderma黑皮病§ melanoma黑色瘤§ melanin黑色素;§ -in: substance(…素)§ melanosarcoma黑肉瘤; sarc/o:flesh§ nigrometer黑度计; nigr/o: nigra(黑质), §紫：purple§ purpura紫癜§粉色：pink; § pink frothy sputum粉红色泡沫痰§青铜色：bronzed§ bronzed diabetes青铜色糖尿病 §棕色：brown; § brown mixture甘草合剂§ brown sugar红糖§橙色：orange; § ethyl orange乙基橙§蓝色：blue； cyan/o：§ cyanhidrosis (蓝)汗症 hidr/o: sweat§ cyanosis紫绀；§ cyanopsia蓝视症§ cyanemia蓝血症 §红色： red； erythro-; rub/o;§ erythema红斑(Greek)§ erythroderma=erytherodermia; 红皮病§ erythromycin红霉素; myc/o: fungus霉菌§ rubefaction发红(皮肤发红) n.§ erythrochloropia红绿视症; chlor/o: green§ -opia: vision§ bilirubin=cholerythrin胆红素; chol/o:, bil/o: bile erythrocyte红细胞 erythrocyturia血尿 erythrometer红细胞计数灰色：grey; poli-； poliomyelitis骨髓灰质炎; myel/o: bone marrow §青： glauc/o: greenish, grey§ glaucoma青光眼; § glaucobilin胆青素; bil/o: bile§ chloroquine氯奎§ chlorophyll叶绿素;-phyll: leaf §黄色：yellow; xantho-;§xanthoma黄瘤; xanth/o: yellow§xanthine黄嘌呤§jaundice黄疸§xanthosis黄疸§xanthoma脂肪性纤维瘤 6.脏器方面的词缀§心 heart, cardio-§ carditis 心脏炎； cardiopuncture心穿刺术§ cardiology 心脏病学； cardiologist§脑 brain encephalo-[‘enkefələʊ ]； cerebral§ cerebrum大脑； encephalitis[en'sefə'laɪtəs]大脑炎§ cerebellum小脑； cerebritis小脑炎§ §肺 lung pulmon-： pulmonary ['pʌlmənəri ]§ pulmonitis 肺炎； pneumonia肺炎§ Pulmonectomy[pʌlmə'nektəmɪ]肺切pulmonology肺学§肝liver，hepato-； heptatic§ hepatitis肝炎； hepatology肝学§ hepatobiliary 肝胆的； bil/o: bile §胃 stomach， gastro-； gastric§ gastritis 胃炎； gastrointestinal胃肠的§ gastrology胃学§胆gallbladder ['gɔ:l'blædə ]; chol/o: biliary, bile§ cholecystitis [kɒlɪsɪs'taɪtɪs胆囊炎; § cyst/o: cyst, urinary bladder囊， 膀胱§ cholecyst 胆囊； gall-stone胆结石§ §肠 intestine； entero-； intestinal§ enteritis肠炎； enterectomy肠切除§脾spleen splen/o: spleen; § splenalgia脾痛 –algia: pain§ splenectomy [splɪ'nektəmɪ]脾切除术§胰腺pancreas， panreatic； pancreat/o:§ pancreatitis胰腺炎； pancreatopathy胰病§ pathy:变态或疾病(Latin suffix=abnormality or disease )§ §肾 kidney； nephro-； rena-；§ nephritis肾炎； nephropathy肾病§ renal failure肾衰竭；§ renal portal vein肾门静脉§血 blood hem/o:; hemat/o: § hematology 血液学； hemoglobin血红蛋白§ hematoma 血肿； hemorrhage ['hemərɪdʒ]出血，失血 §血管 blood vessel； vaso-； § cardiovasology心血管学； § cerebrovascular脑血管的§静脉vein； ven-；§ venography静脉造影； intravenous静脉注射的； 静脉内的 § venoconstriction静脉收缩；§ venodilation静脉扩张§ §动脉artery； arterio-；§ arteriology动脉学； arteriole ['ɑ:tɪəriəʊl小动脉§ arteriosclerosis[ɑ:tɪəriəʊsklə'rəʊsɪs]动脉硬化§肌肉muscle； my/o: muscle§ myology 肌肉学； myocarditis心肌炎§骨髓bone marrow； myel/o: § myelitis骨髓炎； myeloma[maɪə'ləʊmə]骨髓瘤§ §神经 nerve； neur/o: neuro-§ neurology 神经学； neuritis神经炎§ neuron神经元§ 细胞cell； cyte-； -cyte§ cytology细胞学；leukocyte['lu:kəsaɪt]白细胞§ cytoma['saɪtəʊmə]细胞瘤§ §尿urine ['jʊərɪn] uro- ； ur-§ urology泌尿学； urosurgery泌尿手术§ urogenital 泌尿生殖的§体 body， somat/o: -some § somatology 躯体学；somatopsychic[səʊmətə'saɪkɪk]身心的§ chromosome ['krəʊməsəʊm]染色体§ 7.与检查有关的词缀§镜检：-scopy镜检法; scope镜§ gastroscopy 胃镜法；§ celioscope；laparoscope体腔镜； 腹腔镜§ celi/o: lapar/o: abodomen, belly§ peritoneoscopy[perɪtənɪ'ɒskəpɪ]腹膜镜检法§ cardioscope心脏检查镜，§ § §量具：-meter: instrument for measuring§ cardiometer心力计；§ thermometer温度计§ blood pressure meter血压计§ densimeter密度计； density密度§ § § §心电图： electrocardiogram =ECG; eletrocardiograph心电图仪§脑电图: electroencephalogram=EEG§encephalo ['enkefələʊ] 脑 §B超:type B ultrasonic§CT：computerized tomography计算机x射线断层§同位素:isotope; § isotopic examination 同位素检查 §尿检 urine analysis§血常规 blood routine§ 8.数字方面的词缀§一：一： mon/o: uni-§ Monday; §carbon monoxide§unidirection单向的单向的 §monoclone单克隆单克隆 §二：bi-； di-§ bilateral两侧的§ biphasic双向性的§ carbon dioxide§ dipoptide二肽 §三： tri-§ trilateral三边的§ tricycle§四： tetra-§ tetracycline四环素 cycline 环化素§ tetraplegia四瘫 § plegia [p'lɪdʒə]麻木，瘫，瘫痪 § tetramer 四聚物§ mer/meros (Greek=part) 〔希腊语〕部分 §五：penta-§ Pentagon五边形§ pentachromic五色的§ pentachloride五氯化钠§六：hexa-§ hexachromic六色的§ benzene hexachloride 六氯化苯〔六六六〕 §七：hepta-; sept/o: seven; septum (隔膜)§ heptachromic七色的§ heptaploid七倍体 ploid 倍体§ septangle 七边形；§ septotomy 房隔切开术 tomy§ septostomy 房隔造口术 ostomy §八：octa- §octahedral八面体的§octal system八进制 §九：nona-§ nonapeptide九肽§ nonagon九边形§十：deca-§ decade十年§ decagram十克§ deciliter非常之一升 deci 非常之一 §多： poly-； multi-；§ polyuria多尿； polymer聚合体§ polyopia复视症 -opia : 眼,视力 ；multimedia§polyoposia饮水过多; -posia: drinking§polyphagia[pɒlɪ'feɪdʒɪə]贪食症(杂食); phag/o: eating§ §少：-penia： -penic ：deficiency,lack ； olig/o: deficiency, few§ →agranulocytopenia [əɡrænjʊləsaɪ'təʊpi:nɪə]粒细胞缺乏症§ →oliguria小便减少; § §大：macro-; -megaly§ macronucleus巨核；§macrophage巨噬细胞 phage;抗菌素，噬菌体§ splenomegaly脾肿大；hepatmegaly肝肿大§小: micro-; -let§ microorganism； microscopy§ micronucleus微核； § droplet小滴； platelet血小板§ leaflet小叶； booklet小册§ 9. 其他方面的词缀§1.怕， 畏惧 –phobia: fear§ photophobia phot/o:light畏光§ noctophobia; noct/o: night怕黑§hydraphobia恐水症(狂犬病) hydro-water §xenophobia[zenə'fəʊbiə]怕生客; xen/o: stranger§ §困难 dys-： bad, difficulty§ dysfunction功能妨碍; dyspepsia消化不良§ peps/o：digestion§ dyspnea[dɪs'pni:ə]呼吸困难 -pnea：breathing§ dysuria排尿困难§dystrophy; -trophy: nourishment营养不良§ dystocia难产 -tocia： birth dystopia=dystopy异位, 错位 top/o：positiondysplasia发育不良; plas/o: -plasia: formation, growth, development §不良 mal-： bad§ malnutrition营养不良； malpractice事故§ malfunction机能妨碍§ malignant恶性的§maladministration管理不善 §好， 正， eu-： good§ eupepsia消化良好〔正常〕 peps/o: digestion§ eutopic正位的: top/o: position, location§ eutocia顺产(正常分娩; -tocia//-toscin: labour, delivery 分娩 § euesthesia [ju:es'θi:zɪə]觉得良好〔正常〕 :§ esthesi/o:feeling§ eugenic优生的adj. eugenics优生学; gen/o: producing§ euthanasia[ju:θə'neɪziə安乐死; -thanasia: death §瘤，肿块 –oma: tumor; cancer; swelling§ lymphoma淋巴瘤； adenoma腺瘤§ hematoma血肿§血症 –emia： blood condition§ leukemia白血病； septisemia败血症§ bacteremial菌血症§ anemia贫血 an-：without§ §高：hyper- ：high，above; § hyperdynamia: 肌力过度;§ hypertension高血压〔 high blood pressure〕§ hypertonia张力/压力过高§ hypertonic adj. 张力亢进的§ hypersensitive 过敏的§ hyperplasia增生 -plasia： growth §低：hypo-; low; below § hypotonia hypotonic张力/压力过低〔的〕§ hypodynamia乏力〔力缺乏〕;§ dynam/o: power, force; dynamic adj. dynamics§ hypotension ;low blood pressure,§ hyposensitive 弱敏的，敏感度减弱的 §急促： tachy-: quick § tachypnea 呼吸急促§ tachycardia(心动过速)§急性：acute attack急性发作§急诊：emergency§慢性：chronic §麻木 –plegia: being senseless；paralysis§ hemiplegia 半身不遂；panplegia全身瘫痪§ pan-：whole§ myoplegia肌瘫§ facioplegia面瘫 §坏死 –necrosis：death，necro-；death§ hepatonecrosis肝坏死； § necrospermia死精症；§ osteonecrosis [ɒstɪəʊne'krəʊsɪs ]骨坏死; oste/o: bone §流出 –rrhea： flowing； bursting out§ diarrhea 腹泻；§ menorrhea [menə'rɪə ]行经(flow, discharge)§ hemorrhage [ 'hemərɪdʒ]出血(bursting forth of blood)§ entorrhagia英 [entə'reɪdʒɪə]内出血(bursting forth of blood) § ent/o: inside, inner§ §狭窄 -stenosis: narrowing§ arteriostenosis动脉狭窄§软化 –malacia; softening§ cerebromalacia脑软化§ cerebr/o: cerebrum, brain§ §硬化 -sclerosis: hardening§ cerebrosclerosis英 [serɪbrəʊsklɪə'rəʊsɪs]脑硬化§ 疏松-porosis: passage§ osteoporosis(passage) [ɒstiəʊpə'rəʊsɪs]骨质疏松§扩张,增大-ectasis: dilation,stretching§ bronchiectasis支气管扩张 §止血 -schesis ['ski:sɪs] ：holding back, suppression of discharge)§ hemoschesis§闭塞： rhinocleisis(closure, blockage闭)§ rhinocleisis [raɪnə'klaɪsɪs]鼻腔堵塞； rhin/o： nose§ §冲洗 –clysis: washing§rhinoclysis(washing)鼻冲洗§ §弯曲 -cyllosis: -cyrtosis: crooking§brachiocyllosis=brachiocyrtosis臂弯曲brachi/o:brachium, arm; §疗法：-therapy§ radiotherapy放疗; radiotherapist(放疗专家)§ chemotherapy化疗§ physiotherapy理疗§ psychotherapy心思疗法§ therapist治疗师 §无， 没有 a- an-: without§ atypical 非典型性的§ asexual无性的§ asymptomatic无病症的§ anemia贫血§ anorexia [ænə'reksiə]厌食症 orex/o: appetite§anesthesia [ænəs'θi:ziə]麻醉(觉得缺失: esthesi/o: feeling, perception §肥胖: fat? obese [əʊ'bi:s] adj. obesity n.§夜间盗汗; night sweats §血常规: routine blood test §中风:卒中〔拉丁语〕 § stroke§ cerebrovascular accident ( CVA) § apoplexy: a sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occlusion/closure/blockage of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain §假卒中，pseudoapoplexy; pseud/o: false§痉挛: spasm： a painful and involuntary muscular contraction/constriction§尸体解剖: autopsy=autopsia; -opsy: -opsia: view (an examination and dissection of a dead body to determine cause of death or the changes produced by disease ) §舞蹈病: chorea: degenerative nervous disorders characterized by spasmodic movements of the body and limbs §假舞蹈病:pseudochorea§嗜钙 : calciphilia; § calc/o: calcium; § -philia: love , attraction §创伤〔损伤〕: trauma n. traumatic adj.§水肿: swelling ?? § edema: swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue §疹子 : eruption: § 1. the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of § steam and volcanic material § 2.symptom consisting of a breaking out and § becoming visible §厌油腻: being tired of // dislike of oil ??? satiety: the state of being satisfactorily full and unable to take on more §恶心: nausea: (sickness) the state that precedes vomiting §脱水: dehydration: dryness/waterlessness resulting from the removal of water § hydr/o: water §溃疡: ulcer: a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating (causing to ripen and discharge pus ) lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue §指压性的: pitting; pit ：hole, hollow, cavity坑§心悸: palpitation：a rapid and irregular heart beat § palpitate v. tremble, shake, quiver, vibrate 。