Unit 6 Skyscrapers Learning ObjectivesIn this unit, you will:1. learn about the basic aspects of a skyscraper and world- famous super-tall buildings;2. familiarize yourself with the words, expressions, and sentence patterns related to the theme of the unit;3. use these words, expressions, and sentence patterns correctly;4. research skyscrapers;5. give an oral presentation to the class about skyscrapers;6. vary sentence openings in your writing. Part I Part I Approaching the TopicApproaching the Topic Part II Part II Understanding the TextUnderstanding the Text Part III Part III Exploring the Topic Part IV Part IV Integrated ExercisesIntegrated Exercises Part V Part V Writing StrategyWriting Strategy Part I Part I Approaching the TopicApproaching the Topic Task 1 Brainstorming Task 2 Surfing and Reporting Task 3 Watching and Retelling Task 4 Vocabulary Preview 1. Name as many world-famous tall buildings as possible.2. Make a list of no less than 10 words to describe those skyscrapers.Task 1 BrainstormingUnit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 1 1. Work in groups and find information on the Internet about the following terms.Task 2 Surfing and ReportingUnit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 2A) the Tower of BabelB) the Petronas Twin TowersC) the Sears TowerD) Taipei 101E) Burj DubaiF) the Empire State Building Answers for reference:Unit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 2 2. Fill in the spaces below according to your Internet research. Present this information to the class, optionally using PowerPoint.Unit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 2NameWhenWhereHeightExtrainformationthe Empire State BuildingWorld TradeCenter1931New York, USA381m(443.5m with antenna)Movie King Kong1973-2001New York411.5mFreedom Tower will be built on the site Unit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 2NameWhenWhereHeightExtrainformationthe Petronas Twin TowersChrysler BuildingChrysler Building1998KualaLumpur,Malaysia452mthe tallest twin buildings in theworld1930New York305m1973Chicago, Illinois,USA442 / 1,450 ftCurrent Name: Willis Tower Unit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 2NameWhenWhereHeightExtrainformationTaipei 101Burj Dubai2004Taibei,Taiwan101floors, 508mperformed by Skidmore, Owings,and Merrill2010Dubai, UnitedArab Emirates828m (2,717 ft) Task 3 Watching and Retelling1. Watch the video clip “Building the Ultimate Skyscraper”. Fill in the blanks with the information you have heard. Use the glossary below as a reference.ultimate /ˈʌltɪmət/最终的，极限的最终的，极限的curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/奇怪的奇怪的gherkin /ˈɡɜːkɪn/（腌制用的）小黄瓜（腌制用的）小黄瓜Swiss Ray Building/swɪs reɪ ˈbɪldɪŋ/瑞士瑞士X光公司大楼光公司大楼cutting edge/ˈkʌtɪŋ edʒ /刀刃，前线，先锋刀刃，前线，先锋Chicago Home Insurance Building/ʃɪˈkɑ:ɡəʊ həʊm ɪnˈʃuərəns ˈbɪldɪŋ /芝加哥家庭保险公司大楼芝加哥家庭保险公司大楼Unit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 3 dizzyingly /ˈdɪzɪŋli/令人眩晕地，使人眼花缭乱地；令人眩晕地，使人眼花缭乱地；过高地，过快地过高地，过快地Salisbury Cathedral /ˈsɔ:lzbəri kəˈθi:drəl /索尔兹伯里大教堂（沙利斯柏立索尔兹伯里大教堂（沙利斯柏立大教堂）大教堂）Medieval /ˌmediˈiːvl/中世纪的中世纪的priority /praɪˈɒrəti/优先考虑的条件优先考虑的条件monocoque structure /ˈmɒnəˌkəʊk/单壳体结构单壳体结构sideways force横向力横向力load /ləʊd/负荷，重量负荷，重量foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/地基地基Unit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 3 Unit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 3 The skyscraper is a great engineering achievement. “They have to do with gravity; they have to do with wind.” The shining towers of steel concrete and glass attest to their limit. “They have to do with earthquakes; and they have to do with fire.” Can we build the 1) skyscraper? Skyscrapers 2) the sky. Man can build ever higher and higher, testing his ingenuity against the 3) . This is the Swiss Ray Building in London. It’s nearly 600 feet high and known as the Gherkin because of its 4) . Its aerodynamic design is 5) of skyscraper thinking. The modern skyscraper was born in Chicago. “In order toultimate______reach for_______ forces of nature____________ the cutting edge_____________ curious shape___________ Unit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 3understand the development of the skyscraper, we really need to go to Chicago, where in the 1880s somewhat 6) occurred in the history of skyscraper.”7) . “Chicago was destroyed by fire in 1871, leveled. In fact, 8) . And for a city there was an exploding population and very wealthy with a burgeoning commerce, it was important for the city to rebuild as quickly as it could.” So they decided to build tall. 9) ofreconstruction was the Home Insurance Building. It rose 10 storeys high, dizzily tall for the time. 10) . But some think the evolution of skyscrapers’ structure has its beginnings long before.The jewel of the crown__________________ the most significant developments ___________________________ the central part of the city was gone ____________________________The evolution came out of disaster___________________________ The era of skyscrapershad begun __________________________ Unit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 3【【Script】】2. Watch the video again and then discuss the main idea with the group. ScriptUnit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 3 Task 4 Vocabulary PreviewRead the words and phrases below, paying attention to the pronunciation. Use the scale below to give yourself a score for each word. After finishing the study of the unit, score yourself again to check your improvement.Unit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 41I don’t understand this word.2I have seen this word before, but I am not sure of the meaning.3I understand this word when I see it or hear it, but I don’t know how to use it.4I know this word and can use it in my own speaking and writing. Unit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 4Nouns□ high-rise□ testament□ progression□ elevator□ column□ stability□ width□ footprint□ elevation□ velocity□ gust□ simulation□ occupancy□ acceleration□ advancement□ illumination□ descent□ ascent□ efficiencyGlossary for Main Reading Unit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 4Verbs□ pierce□ mock□ humble□ surge□ tune□ computerize□ damp□ wage□ topple□ rethink□ combat□ sway□ amplify□ fine-tune□ model□ crumble□ complicate□ stumble□ deploy□ dispatch Adjectives□ spectacular□ heavenly□ striking□ technological□ daring□ intelligent□ ongoing□ implacable□ cumulative□ respective□ optimum□ counter□ compressive□ considerable□ composite□ replete□ ancillary□ fluorescent□ interior□ ironic□ noteworthy□ even□ odd□ cableless□ fuzzy□ peak□ economicalUnit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 4 Phrases□ wage a battle□ come in□ stumbling blockUnit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 4Adverbs□ majestically□ extensively□ desperately□ financially Glossary for Related ReadingNouns□ threshold□ holder□ spire□ multibillionaire□ imagination□ peer□ leg□ crane□ historian□ region□ opposition□ reaction□ developer□ mold□ flow□ concrete□ presence□ phase□ downturn□ icon□ session□ produce□ cartUnit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 4 Verbs□ accommodate□ surpass□ outdo□ unveil□ conclude□ evidence□ incorporate□ project□ enshrine□ bump□ nestUnit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 4Adjectives□ staggering□ pressing□ massive□ audacious□ emerging□ residential□ focal□ architectural Phrases□ in the midst of□ in perspective□ break old molds□ serve as□ under wrapsUnit 6 》》Part I 》》Task 4 Part II Understanding the TextPart II Understanding the Text Main Reading Related Reading Part II Understanding the TextPart II Understanding the Text Main Reading Text-related Information Text Analysis Language Points Translation of the Texts Tasks Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading1. The World Trade CenterText-related Information Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading2. Chrysler Building Text Analysis Parts ParagraphsMain IdeasIA～～BThe construction of tall buildings is on the trend and it asks for new concepts and technologies.IIC～～JTo build a super skyscraper, a lot of factors should be taken into account: its ability to stand wind and earthquake, amixed occupancy and elevators, etc. C~H: It talks about the influence of wind on tall buildings and some materials and technologies used to dampen it.I: Mixed use makes the design for a tall Building more complicated.Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main ReadingParts ParagraphsMain IdeasIIC～～JTo build a super skyscraper, a lot of factors should be taken into account: its ability to stand wind and earthquake, amixed occupancy and elevators, etc.J: Elevators are also an important factor which influences the construction of a high-rise.IIIKTechnology and finance are both important to determine whether a super skyscraper can come into being in reality. Language Points Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading1. humble (L2)v. to make people feel that they are not as good or important as they thought they weree.g.lHe was humbled by her generosity.a.① showing you do not think that you are as important as other peoplee.g.lBe humble enough to learn from your mistakes. ② having a low rank or social positione.g.la man of humble origins Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading2. wage an ongoing battle with (L11) wage v. to engage in (a war, a battle, etc. ) wage something (against/on somebody/something)e.g.lThe rebels have waged a guerrilla war since 1995.lHe alleged that a press campaign was being waged against him. Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading3. Thus, the footprint of a super skyscraper could easily consume multiple city blocks. (L19)Paraphrase: [figurative] The base of a super skyscraper could take up several city blocks.【【译文译文】】这样，仅是一栋超级大楼的地基就要占据好这样，仅是一栋超级大楼的地基就要占据好几个街区。
几个街区 Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading4. Gusts of wind can be particularly dangerous when they come spaced in intervals that approach a building’s natural period: the amount of time the structure takes to complete one oscillation when it is swaying back and forth. (L28)【【译文译文】】如果阵风以接近建筑物自然周期（即建筑物前后如果阵风以接近建筑物自然周期（即建筑物前后摇摆时完成一次震荡周期）的时间间隔经过，那摇摆时完成一次震荡周期）的时间间隔经过，那将是尤其危险的将是尤其危险的 1) space v. to organize or arrange with spaces between space out 隔开；昏沉，迷乱隔开；昏沉，迷乱 space out the lampposts 30 meters aparte.g.lI was supposed to meet her, but I spaced out and forgot.2) interval n. a space between two objects, points, or unitse.g.lan interval of ten feetlIt snowed at intervals this week.lHe visits me at regular intervals. Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading5. Thanks to wind-tunnel tests and computer simulations, architects and engineers can fine-tune a building’s shape, surface and structural characteristics to achieve optimum designs for withstanding high winds. (L33)Paraphrase:Modern technologies like wind-tunnel tests and computer simulations help architectsand engineers make small adjustments in a building’s shape, surface and structural characteristics so that they can work out the best design to withstand strong winds.【【译文译文】】多亏了风洞试验和电脑模拟，建筑师和工程师多亏了风洞试验和电脑模拟，建筑师和工程师们才能对建筑物的外形、表面和结构特点进行们才能对建筑物的外形、表面和结构特点进行微调以便取得对抗强风的最佳设计。
微调以便取得对抗强风的最佳设计 Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading 1) thanks to because ofe.g.lThanks to your timely help, we accomplished the task on time. 2) fine-tune to make small adjustments for optimal performance or effectiveness Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading6. On windy days, the so-called mass damper, located on a floor near the top of the high-rise, moves in opposition to the structure’s swaying, sliding on oil to help dampen oscillations by as much as 50 percent. (L40)Paraphrase: Mass damper is placed on the top floor of the tall building; when there is wind and thebuilding begins to sway, it will move in the opposite direction and reduce oscillations by 50%.【【译文译文】】起风的时候，靠近大楼顶层安装的所谓大型起风的时候，靠近大楼顶层安装的所谓大型减震器就会以与建筑物摇摆相反的方向移动，减震器就会以与建筑物摇摆相反的方向移动，它们在润滑油上的滑动可以将大楼的摆动减它们在润滑油上的滑动可以将大楼的摆动减少少50%。
Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading1) damper n. a device that eliminates or progressively diminishes vibrations or oscillations dampen v. to reduce, to restraine.g.lThe bad news dampened our spirits.2) in opposition to somebody/something ① disagreeing strongly with somebody/something 强烈反对（或抵制）强烈反对（或抵制）e.g.lProtest marches were held in opposition to the proposal law. ② contrasting two people or things that are very different 对比，对照对比，对照e.g.lLeisure is often defined in opposition to work. Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading7. Thousands of these viscoelastic dampers have been inserted between columns and beams; when the building sways, friction between the plates dampens the motion. (L42)【【译文译文】】数以千计这样的粘弹性减震器被置于立柱和数以千计这样的粘弹性减震器被置于立柱和横梁之间，当建筑物摇摆时，金属板之间的横梁之间，当建筑物摇摆时，金属板之间的摩擦会让摆动幅度减小。
摩擦会让摆动幅度减小 Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading8. in counter directions to (L47) in opposite directions to counter ① a. contrary; opposing ② adv. acted counter to one’s promiserun/go counter to one’s inclination ③ v. to move or act in opposition to; opposee.g.lHe countered my proposal with one of his own.Paraphrase: Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading9. Indeed, the century-old history of skyscrapers is replete with advancements in ancillary technologies, such as fluorescent lights, which enabled the relatively cool illumination of interior offices. (L63)Paraphrase:Various modern assisting technologies are put into use to get the century-old history skyscrapers more convenient, such as fluorescent lights that make possible cool illumination in the offices.【【译文译文】】实际上，有着一百多年历史的摩天大楼里到处都实际上，有着一百多年历史的摩天大楼里到处都是各种现代化辅助科技，比如使办公室里能有冷是各种现代化辅助科技，比如使办公室里能有冷光照明的荧光灯。
光照明的荧光灯1) be replete with be filled with a mind replete with knowledge a stream replete with trout2) ancillary a. supporting, assisting Translation of the TextsFor Main Reading Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading Task 1 Guessing Meaning from ContextGuess the meaning of the following words and phrases from context. The letter in the parentheses refers to the paragraph in which the word can be found. Choose which meaning best fits the word.TaskVerbs1. humble (A)a) to awe, to make one feel that he is not worthy2. topple (D)b) to lessen3. amplify (F)c) to make larger or more powerful4. dampen (F)d) to push or throw over5. dispatch (J)e) to send someone/something somewhereUnit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Readinga d ______c ___b___e ___ Nouns1. testament (A)a) proof2. column (C)b) resistance to change, deterioration, or displacement3. stability (D)c) a supporting pillar4. acceleration (I)d) an increase in speed5. advancement (J)e) a forward step; an improvementUnit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Readingcb d _________a ___e ___ Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main ReadingAdjectives1. striking (A)a) arresting the attention and producing a vivid impression2. implacable (C)b) impossible to please3. optimum (F)c) deserving notice or attention; notable4. noteworthy (J)d) not clear; indistinct5. fuzzy (J)e) most favorable or advantageousa e c d____________b ___ Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main ReadingAdverbs1. majestically (A)a) frantically, as when one has no options2. desperately (K)b) grandly3. financially (K)c) in a way that makes moneyb c ______a ___ 1. Answer the following questions. 1) To push skyscrapers higher, which areas will need the greatest innovation? 2) Which forces of nature most influence the design of a high-rise?Task 2 Understanding Main Ideas and Important Details in the TextTaskSome of the innovations include space frames, aerodynamic tuning, intelligent elevators andcomputerized damping systems.Gravity, natural disasters like hurricanes and earthquakes, wind.Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3) What is the most important factor in the design of supertall structures?4) How does the mass damper work to lessen the building’s oscillations?5) Which factors limit the maximum acceleration of elevators?The human ear’s slowness to adapt to changing pressure, and passenger comfort._________________________________________________________________Wind.It is placed on a floor near the top of the high-rise, when the building sways, it moves in the oppositedirection to dampen oscillations.Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main Reading_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Review the text to find information about skyscrapers. List the points in the table below.Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Main ReadingSkyscrapersFactors to considerMeasures to take123natural forces(hurricanes and earthquakes; wind)mixed occupancyenough width of the building’s base; damping system, concrete and steelmore complicated designelevators (for man’s ear and comfort)appropriate speed, double-decker cars, cableless operation, fuzzy logic and neural network Part II Understanding the TextPart II Understanding the Text Related Reading Language Points Tasks Translation of the Texts Language Points Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related Reading1. accommodate (L4) v. ① to provide somebody with a room or place to sleep, live or sitlThe hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.e.g. ② (formal)to consider something, such as somebody’s opinion or a factlOur proposal tries to accommodate the special needs of minority groups.e.g.③ accommodate to/ accommodate yourself to get used to/get yourself used to accommodate to the new schedule Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related Reading2. The world is in the midst of a huge wave of tall building construction, both in number and in size. (L6)Tall building construction is heated now, with larger number and larger size.Paraphrase:【【译文译文】】世界世界正处于高楼建设的大潮中正处于高楼建设的大潮中，数量更多，，数量更多，体积更大。
体积更大in the midst of among, in the middle of Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related Reading3. threshold (L8)lon the threshold of a new lifelHe has a low boredom threshold.e.g. Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related Reading4. Among the most anticipated is the $1 billion Burj Dubai, a massive tower being developed by Emaar Properties in the United Arab Emirates. (L11)【【译文译文】】耗资耗资10亿的迪拜塔是最令人期待的建筑之一，亿的迪拜塔是最令人期待的建筑之一，是由阿联酋伊玛尔房产公司开发的一是由阿联酋伊玛尔房产公司开发的一栋巨型大厦栋巨型大厦 Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related Reading5. to put it in perspective (L18)lThe sudden growth of our economy should be put in/into perspective.e.g.in the right perspective 正确地、客观地、全面地正确地、客观地、全面地(观察事物观察事物)in the wrong perspective 片面地、错误地片面地、错误地(观察事物观察事物)from the perspective of 从从……视点出发视点出发 Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related Reading6. peer (L25) n. a person who has equal standing with another or others, as in rank, class, or agelChildren are easily influenced by their peers.e.g. Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related Reading7. In contrast, she says that large developments in New York and other Western cities these days are likely to encounter public opposition. (L37)On the contrary, she says that people do not that welcome tall building constructionnow in New York and other Western cities.Paraphrase:【【译文译文】】她说，与此相反，如今在纽约和其它西方城她说，与此相反，如今在纽约和其它西方城市，这样的大型建筑往往会遭到人们的抵制。
市，这样的大型建筑往往会遭到人们的抵制 Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related Reading8. And tighter credit in the United States has developers increasingly looking at emerging markets. (L40) lThey all went away, having me staying and watching the door. e.g.1) have somebody doing 让某人一直做某事3) have something done 让某事被别人做2) have somebody do something 让某人做某事lDon’t you have him come with you tomorrow?l I have may hair cut every month.e.g.e.g. Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related Reading9. serve as (L51) ① to act in a particular capacity serve as a clerk ② to be of service or use; function lLet this incident serve as a reminder to future generations.e.g. Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related Reading10. project (L57) v. to calculate, estimate, or predict (something in the future), based on present data or trends to project next year’s expenses and income. Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related Reading11. Icons like the Empire State Building in New York and the Sears Tower in Chicago, which have long been enshrined among the tallest buildings in the world, are bumped from the list. (L64)【【译文译文】】一直被奉为世界高建筑之最的纽约帝国大厦一直被奉为世界高建筑之最的纽约帝国大厦和芝加哥西尔斯塔已经不在该名单之列了。
和芝加哥西尔斯塔已经不在该名单之列了enshrine v. to enclose in or as if in a shrinebe enshrined in 庄严载入庄严载入lThese rights are enshrined in the country’s constitution.e.g. Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related Reading12. ... zero-carbon mini cars that can nest like airport luggage carts when not in use (L75)【【译文译文】】闲置时可以像机场行李车一样叠放的零碳迷闲置时可以像机场行李车一样叠放的零碳迷你车你车nest v. to put snugly together or inside one anotherto nest boxes Translation of the TextsFor Related Reading Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related Reading Check your understanding of vocabulary from the reading. Read the definitions below and write down the words or expressions that best fit the definitions. The letters in parentheses indicate theparagraphs in which the words can be found.Task 1 Guessing Meaning from ContextTaskExample: demanding immediate attention; urgent (A) = pressing1. very large, shocking or surprising (A) =2. to provide someone with a room or place to sleep, live, or sit (A) =staggeringUnit 6 》》Part II 》》Related Reading_________accommodate____________ 3. to do more or better than in performance or action (E) =4. to disclose; reveal (E) =5. daring; bold, fearless (F) =6. a person who has equal standing with others, as in status, position, or age (F) =7) to bring to an end; close (F) =8) newly formed or just coming into prominence (I)=9) to include something so that it forms a part of something (K)=10) an image; a representation (N)=Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related Readingconcludepeeremergingunveil_______audacious___________________________outdo_____incorporate_________icon___ Task 2 Understanding the Ideas, Details, and Structure of the TextTaskRead the text carefully, then fill in the blanks with the main ideas for each part.PartsParagraphsMain IdeasIAMore skyscrapers will be built to 1)Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related Readingaccommodate the growing urban masses_________________________________ Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related ReadingPartsParagraphsMain IdeasIIB ~ EThe world is once again in the midst of a wave of tallbuilding construction, with 2) and 3) as two examples.B: The world is in the wave of tall building construction.C: Burj Dubai is the most ambitious.D: Burj Dubai is com-pared with Taipei 101.E: Saudi Arabia is planning for a mile-high tower. Burj Dubai by the United Arab Emirates a mile-high tower plan by Saudi Arabia _______________________________ ______________________________ Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related ReadingPartsParagraphsMain Ideas IIIF ~ JThe shift of the center of gravity today reflects the expanding economies of some areas in the world. F:A three-part exhibition about future city is being held in Manhattan.G: The center of gravity today has shifted from 4) to H: This shift reflects the expansion of local economies. North America and Europe _____________________ Asia and the Middle East 5)_______________________ . Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related ReadingPartsParagraphsMain Ideas IIIF ~ JThe shift of the center of gravity today reflects the expanding economies of some areas in the world. I: Large developments are not welcomed by the public now in NY and Western cities.J: People are looking for new investments. IV K ~ LTall buildings have different purposes in different regions, in the US.K: Tall buildings have different purposes indifferent regions, in theUS, they 6) ,while in Asia and the Middle East, they are 7) or8) . tend tobe office towers ___________ ____________residential_________mixed-use_________ Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related ReadingPartsParagraphsMain Ideas IVK ~ LTall buildings have different purposes in different regions, in the US.L: These tall buildings are mostly focal points of larger projects. VM ~ PA new list of the tallest 20 buildings in 2020 was made by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat; and some new ideas about future cities are being explored now. M: The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat made a list of the tallest 20 buildings in 2020.N: The ranking of those tall buildings is different from before. Unit 6 》》Part II 》》Related ReadingPartsParagraphsMain IdeasVM ~ PA new list of the tallest 20 buildings in 2020 was made by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat; and some new ideas about future cities are being explored now. O: The only two towers in the US included in the list are 9) and 10) P: Some new ideas like 11) and 12) were explored at the World Science Festival. the Chicago Spire ____________________ the Freedom Tower _______________. vertical urban farms ________________ zero-carbon mini cars __________________ Part III Exploring the TopicPart III Exploring the Topic Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 1 Searching and Researching1) Search for necessary information in Unit 6 of Extensive Reading Course and/or on the Internet.2) Evaluate the information and organize it into a report.3) Report the findings in a presentation to the class.4) Explain which resources you have used and compare them (how useful they were, how much information they provided, and whether they will be useful for future research).Work in groups and choose one of the following topics to conduct your research based on the following procedure.Unit 6 》》Part III 》》Task 1 The research topics are:• Films that feature well-known skyscrapers• Famous high-rises in China• Well-known tall buildings that are not mentioned in this unit• The impact of skyscrapers• Measures to improve skyscraper safety• The causes of the collapse of World Trade Center• The history of the skyscraper• The five tallest skyscrapers in the world• Different ways to escape from a skyscraper in case of disasterUnit 6 》》Part III 》》Task 1 Is it actually an improvement that people live in skyscrapers, which only keep growing taller? Is a small apartment in an urban supertall preferable to a large house in the suburbs?Task 2 Discussing and DebatingUnit 6 》》Part III 》》Task 2 Task 3 Thinking and WritingUnit 6 》》Part III 》》Task 3 In recent years more and more tall buildings have been built, constantly breaking new records for height. They have become symbols of prominence and wealth. Nevertheless, few have studied their negative effective effects. Research the subject in the readings on the Internet to write a wellorganized essay, illustrating their effects in terms of environmental and social problems. You may use the following ideas in your writing.1) Skyscrapers help solve the problem of the growing scarcity of land in the city.2) Skyscrapers have some negative effects on the environment.3) Skyscrapers create some safety problems. Part IV Integrated ExercisePart IV Integrated Exercise Exercise 1Exercise 1 ExerciseExercise 2 Vocabulary PoolFrom Main Readingpiercespectacularmajesticallymockhumbleheavenlysurgestrikingtestamentprogressiondaringtuneintelligentdampwageongoingimplacablecumulativerespectivetopplestabilitywidthfootprintswayamplifyoptimumconsiderablecrumblecomplicateaccelerationrepleteadvancementstumblenoteworthyevenodddeployfuzzydispatchpeakdesperatelyeconomicalfinanciallycome inUnit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 Exercise 1 Build Word Power From Related Readingstaggeringpressingaccommodatethresholdmassivesurpassholderoutdounveilaudaciousimaginationpeerconcludehistorianregionoppositionevidencereactionemergingmoldresidentialdeveloperflowincorporateservefocalpresenceprojectarchitecturalphasedownturniconenshrinebumpsessionproducenestcartin perspectiveserve asUnit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 1. Read the words and expressions in the pool until you can pronounce them correctly, spell them correctly, and use them correctly in communication.Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 1) How to the increasing urban population has become one of the most urgent issues that the government needs to solve.2) Writing for some people can be therapeutic and may help them look at thing in .3) The sudden blackout put everybody at a loss, and they in the dark looking for a candle.2. Fill in the blanks with words chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.humble perspective respective noteworthy dispatch wage acceleration accommodate stumble stability Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 accommodate___________perspective_________stumbled_______ 4) This is a great family; all the members are successful in their field.5) The dignity and grace she showed when facing defiance all those who had just laughed at her.6) This new type of structure will further increase the of the future buildings.7) The adoption of new financial policies resulted in the immediate of economic growth.Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 respective________humbled_______stability______acceleration_________humble perspective respective noteworthy dispatch wage acceleration accommodate stumble stability 8) Forces of nature like hurricane and earthquake are an ongoing battle against human beings.9) A advance has been achieved in the field of genetics.10) Another emergent telegram has been 1 hour ago to give the latest instruction.Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 waging_____noteworthy________dispatched________humble perspective respective noteworthy dispatch wage acceleration accommodate stumble stability As the world’s population keeps climbing, how to 1) those increasing people has become a 2) question for many governments. The whole world has come into a new age of tall building construction. One of the most 3) buildings is Burj Dubai, a 3. Complete the passage by filling in the blanks with target words in the box. You may not use any of the words more than once.A) serveB) constructionC) oppositionD) residentialE) officeF) pressingG) unveiledH) shiftedI) considerableJ) concreteK) staggering L) useM) accommodateN) vulnerableO) massiveF_________Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 M______________K___________ 4) tower in the United Arab Emirates; and Saudi Arab has got another a mile-high tower plan 5) as well. While in New York and other Western cities, high-rise construction is now meeting public 6) .This brings to one obvious trend among the world’s tall building construction, that is, the center of gravity today has 7) from North America and Europe to Asia and the Middle East. And another feature is that supertalls inG_________Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 O_________C__________H________A) serveB) constructionC) oppositionD) residentialE) officeF) pressingG) unveiledH) shiftedI) considerableJ) concreteK) staggering L) useM) accommodateN) vulnerableO) massive different areas 8) different purposes: In the U.S., the tallest buildings are usually office towers, but in Asia and the Middle East, they are often 9) ormixed-use buildings. Third, new towers are also likely to be built from 10) or composite materials rather than traditional steel.Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 A_______A) serveB) constructionC) oppositionD) residentialE) officeF) pressingG) unveiledH) shiftedI) considerableJ) concreteK) staggering L) useM) accommodateN) vulnerableO) massiveD___________J_________ 4. Complete the following phrase s/sentences respectively according to the Chinese equivalent in the parentheses. You may refer to the words in the box below.Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 1. a （壮观的）（壮观的）display of northern lights2. She strode （庄重地）（庄重地）through the palace.3. （嘲笑）（嘲笑）at other people’s religious beliefs4. be born of （卑贱）（卑贱）parentagespectacular_________majestically_________mockvelocityamplifydeployregiondownturnmodeldesperateresidentialsimultaneousoptimumcumulativeoscillationmoldilluminationmajesticallyrepletestumbling-block interiorswaythresholdspectacular testamenthumbledampcounterdescentdispatchimplacableascentmock_____humble______ Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 5. His success is a （证明）（证明）to his skills.6. （使（使……减弱）减弱）my spirits7. （不能和解）（不能和解）hatred between the two nations8. a （累积的）（累积的）process9. Gazelles can move with astonishing （迅速）（迅速）10. a minor （摆动）（摆动）of the surfacetestament________damp_____cumulative_________velocity______mockvelocityamplifydeployregiondownturnmodeldesperateresidentialsimultaneousoptimumcumulativeoscillationmoldilluminationmajesticallyrepletestumbling-block interiorswaythresholdspectacular testamenthumbledampcounterdescentdispatchimplacableascentoscillation________implacable_________ Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 11. （加强）（加强） the sound from this radio12. （最好的）（最好的） irrigation procedure13. model a （根据模型设计）（根据模型设计） airplane14. The branches of the trees were （摇动）（摇动） in the wind.15. （对立的）（对立的） revolutionary war16. His story was （充满）（充满） with falsehood.amplify______optimum_______swaying______model_____counter______replete______mockvelocityamplifydeployregiondownturnmodeldesperateresidentialsimultaneousoptimumcumulativeoscillationmoldilluminationmajesticallyrepletestumbling-block interiorswaythresholdspectacular testamenthumbledampcounterdescentdispatchimplacableascent Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 17. the （照明）（照明）of wisdom18. the delicate （内部的）（内部的）design of the apartment19. a （下降）（下降）of temperature after rain20. began the （上升）（上升）of the cliff face21. be never afraid of being tripped by a （绊脚石）（绊脚石）22. the policy of （同时的）（同时的）development of industry and agricultureillumination_________interior_____descent_______stumbling block____________ascent_____simultaneous__________mockvelocityamplifydeployregiondownturnmodeldesperateresidentialsimultaneousoptimumcumulativeoscillationmoldilluminationmajesticallyrepletestumbling-block interiorswaythresholdspectacular testamenthumbledampcounterdescentdispatchimplacableascent Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 23. （调动）（调动）a battalion24. （发送）（发送）a telegram25. a （失望的）（失望的）situation26. on the （开始）（开始）of a new century27. an autonomous （地区）（地区）28. Art is the （模式）（模式）of feeling as language is the mold of thought.29. the （衰退）（衰退）in the world economy30. a （住宅的）（住宅的）hoteldeploy______desperately_________dispatch______threshold________region_____downturn________mold____residential_________mockvelocityamplifydeployregiondownturnmodeldesperateresidentialsimultaneousoptimumcumulativeoscillationmoldilluminationmajesticallyrepletestumbling-block interiorswaythresholdspectacular testamenthumbledampcounterdescentdispatchimplacableascent 5. Match each word in the box with the group of words that regularly occur with it.Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 1) a _ advance in cancer research _ achievement _ achievement be _ for its sheer sizenoteworthy_________2) _ all our books _ 600 guests _ oneself to … _ a friendaccommodate___________wagecombatabsorbcomplicateaccommodatesurpassevidencerespectivevulnerable tonoteworthystrikingaggressivestaggeringpressingmassive Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 3) produce _ material _ bear _ of _ of fatigueevidence_______4) a _ dose of penicillin a _ amount of alcohol suffer a _ haemorrhage _ media coveragemassive______wagecombatabsorbcomplicateaccommodatesurpassevidencerespectivevulnerable tonoteworthystrikingaggressivestaggeringpressingmassive Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 5) _ media coverage earn a good _ _ war against The controversy _ (s).wage____6) _ bribery an argument _ refutation _ temptation _ interval subversionvulnerable to__________wagecombatabsorbcomplicateaccommodatesurpassevidencerespectivevulnerable tonoteworthystrikingaggressivestaggeringpressingmassive Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 7) _ the predecessors _ the advanced world levels _ one’s own deeds _ all the rivalssurpass______8) a _ difference a _ young woman a _ force the _ minersstriking_____wagecombatabsorbcomplicateaccommodatesurpassevidencerespectivevulnerable tonoteworthystrikingaggressivestaggeringpressingmassive Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 9) a _ movement _ across the room a _ defeat a _ achievementstaggering________10) a verbal _ the _ arm _ unemployment _ crimecombat______wagecombatabsorbcomplicateaccommodatesurpassevidencerespectivevulnerable tonoteworthystrikingaggressivestaggeringpressingmassive Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 11) _ moisture from the air _ a great deal of the Roman culture _ one’s attention be _ (ed) in studyabsorb______12) visit our _ teacher _ pole piece apply to _ authorities A men have _ duties.respective________wagecombatabsorbcomplicateaccommodatesurpassevidencerespectivevulnerable tonoteworthystrikingaggressivestaggeringpressingmassive Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 13) _ matters _ the treatment be _ (d) in… _ life for mecomplicate_________14) train to be _ an _ foreign policy an _ salesman an _ manneraggressive_________wagecombatabsorbcomplicateaccommodatesurpassevidencerespectivevulnerable tonoteworthystrikingaggressivestaggeringpressingmassive Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 15) _ business matters _ against the barrier _ her claim for compensation _ techniquepressing_______wagecombatabsorbcomplicateaccommodatesurpassevidencerespectivevulnerable tonoteworthystrikingaggressivestaggeringpressingmassive Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 6. Explain the meaning of the following roots. Add at least 5 words with the same part to each group and give a definition in Chinese. The example of put is given below.RootsMeaningWordsputthinkcompute 计计算算 computable 计算得出的计算得出的 computer 计算机计算机 dispute 反驳反驳 disputable 能反驳的能反驳的 disputatious 好争论的好争论的 impute 归咎于归咎于 repute 名声，名誉名声，名誉 reputation 名声名声disrepute 坏名声坏名声spectaspect 方面方面 circumspect 慎重的慎重的 expect 盼望盼望 inspect 检查检查 perspectiv 透视透视 prospect 展望展望 prospective 将来的将来的 prospectus 大纲大纲 retrospect 回回顾顾 suspect 怀疑怀疑 spectacle 奇观奇观 spectacular 奇妙的奇妙的 spectator 观众观众 speculate 思索思索look, see Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 RootsMeaningWordsagrigressaggression 侵略侵略 aggressive 进取的进取的 congress 国会国会 degress 离题离题 digression离题离题 progress 进步进步 progressive 进步的进步的 transgress 超过超过 transgression 违法违法 egress 出口出口 ingress 进口进口 retrogress 倒退倒退go,walkfieldagriculture 农业农业 agriculturist 农学家农学家 agricultural 农业的农业的 agribusiness 农业综合企业农业综合企业 agric 耕作土层耕作土层 agriculturally 农业上农业上 Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 RootsMeaningWordslaterpendarchpendant 下垂物下垂物 pending 悬而未决的悬而未决的 pendulum 钟摆钟摆 append 悬挂悬挂 appendage附属物附属物 appendix 附录附录 depend 依靠依靠 dependent 依赖的依赖的 dependable 可靠的可靠的 independent 独立的独立的 perpendicular 垂直的垂直的 suspend 悬吊悬吊 impending 即将发生的即将发生的hangsidelateral 侧面的侧面的 equilateral 等边的等边的 multilateral 多边的多边的 latitude 纬度纬度 collateral 平行的平行的anarchy 无政府状态无政府状态 anarchic 无政府主义的无政府主义的 anarchism 无政府主义无政府主义 partiarch 家长家长 archives 档案档案 architect 建筑师建筑师 architecture 建筑学建筑学ruler, rule,chief Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 RootsMeaningWordsposittensextensive 广泛的广泛的 intense 强烈的强烈的 intensify 加强加强 tension 紧张紧张 tensible 可延展的可延展的stretchputopposite 相对的相对的 position 立场立场 positive 阳性的阳性的 apposition 并置并置 composition 作文作文 composite 合成物合成物 deposit 储存储存 depositary 贮藏所贮藏所 deposition 沉淀沉淀 exposition 解释解释 repository 仓库仓库 supposition 推测推测 7. Write a short paragraph of about 80~100 words, with the words and expressions given below. You have 5~10 minutes to complete this activity.Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 accommodate surpass topple vibrate reinforce induce Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 1 To accommodate the growing urban population, skyscrapers keep rising up around the world. Now new skyscrapers have dramatically surpassed old ones not only in number but also in height. Higher buildings also mean more risks and wind is the first big enemy. Strong winds may make the building vibrate and to prevent the building from being toppled, its base must be sufficiently wide in thefirst place. What’s more, new materials like concrete and composite materials have been induced to further reinforce the high building. An age of “vertical cities” has already come. Exercise 2 Practice Sentence PatternsUnit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 2 Sentence Pattern PoolFrom Main Reading1. They stretch toward the sky, piercing clouds as they soar to spectacular heights.2. As high-rises stretch higher, the advantage increasingly goes to nature.3. To prevent those natural forces from toppling a structure, its base must be sufficiently wide.4. But interestingly, even a constant wind can lead to dangerous phenomena. Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 2 Sentence Pattern PoolFrom Main Reading5. Thanks to wind-tunnel tests and computer simulations, architects and engineers can finetune a building’s shape, surface, and structural characteristics to achieve optimum designs for withstanding high winds.6. It is ironic that elevators… have now become a major stumbling block. Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 2 Sentence Pattern PoolFrom Related Reading7. The world’s population is expected to climb to nine billion by the middle of the century.8. A pressing question for developers and urban planners is how to accommodate the growing urban masses…9. To put it in perspective, that is almost an entire Chrysler Building higher.10. Not to be outdone, the Saudi Arabian multibillionaire, Prince al-Walid bin Talal recently unveiled plans for a mile-high tower… Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 2 Sentence Pattern PoolFrom Related Reading11. As the show suggests, the center of gravity today has shifted from North America and Europe to Asia and the Middle East…12. And tighter credit in the United States has developers increasingly looking at emerging markets.13. The new towers are also likely to be built from concrete or composite materials rather than traditional steel and to incorporate so-called green design features.14. … but there is no certainty that they will be built, especially given the current economic downturn. 1. Read the sentence patterns in the pool until you are able to memorize them and use them in your communication.Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 2 2. Rewrite the sentences according to the following models.Model 1: It is interesting that even a constant wind can lead to dangerous dynamic phenomena. Interestingly, even a constant wind can lead to dangerous dynamic phenomena.Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 2 1) It is unexpected that this grand bridge, which took 3 years to complete, collapsed overnight.Unexpectedly, this grand bridge which took 3 years to complete collapsed overnight.__________________________________________________________________________ Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 2 2) It is fortunate that the government made an immediate response after the disaster, and the army and volunteers have come to the rescue.Hopefully/Fortunately, our government made an immediate response after the disaster and army and volunteers have come to rescue.3) It is ironic that elevators, which made it possible for high- rises to be built in the first place, have now become a major stumbling block.Ironically, elevators which made it possible for high-risesto be built in the first place, have now become a majorstumbling block.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Model 2: Tighter credit in the United States has made developers look increasingly at emerging markets. Tighter credit in the United States has developers increasingly looking at emerging markets.Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 2 1)The ongoing civil war made the people live in dire straits.The ongoing civil war had the people of this country living in dire straits.______________________________________________________________His dream of becoming a pianist had him keeping on practicing day and night.________________________________________________________________________2) He kept on practicing day and night, dreaming that one day he could become a pianist. Wind, the biggest enemy of modern skyscrapers, has architects and engineers seeking new techniquesand materials to improve the building’s resistibility._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 2 3) Architects and engineers are continuously seeking new techniques and materials to improve the building’s ability to resist wind, the biggest enemy of modern skyscrapers. The Burj Dubai skyscraper currently under construction inthe United Arab Emirates is expected to be the tallest building in the world.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________Model 3: It is estimated that the world’s population will climb to nine billion by the middle of the century. The world’s population is expected to climb to nine billion by the middle of the century.Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 2 1) The Burj Dubai skyscraper, currently under construction in the United Arab Emirates, is going to be the tallest building in the world. Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 2 2) It is expected that the skyscraper, estimated to cost $1.5 billion, will be ready for its first occupants by late 2008.3) The new controlling policies make people believe that the real estate bubble will burst.The real estate bubble is expected to burst because of the new controlling policies.________________________________________________________________________The skyscraper, estimated to cost $1.5 billion, is expected to be ready for its first occupants by late 2008.____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1) （为了防止滥用药物）（为了防止滥用药物） the government has strict restrictions on prescription drugs.2) （大一新生面临的一个紧迫问题）（大一新生面临的一个紧迫问题）is to get adapted to the new independent college life as soon as possible.3) （官方调查表明）（官方调查表明） the contamination of local drink water is related to the numerous paper mills along both sides of the river.3. Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.To prevent drugs form being abused,_____________________________Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 2 An urgent problem that freshmen are facing now_______________________________________As the official investigations have shown,_________________________________ 4) Although this project has been approved of, （却不确定何时（却不确定何时 能付诸实施）能付诸实施）.5) （一幢现代化摩（一幢现代化摩 天大楼可能要被建起）天大楼可能要被建起）where there used to be low and dirty cottages.Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 2 there is no certainty when it will be put into practice. _________________________________________A modern skyscraper is likely to be built________________________________ Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 2 1) 这栋旧楼能追溯到这栋旧楼能追溯到18 世纪，当时它的建造者为了实现幸福生活的世纪，当时它的建造者为了实现幸福生活的 梦想而来到美国。
梦想而来到美国trace back to)This old building can trace back to 18th century when its builder came to America to realize his dream of living a happy life.________________________________________________________________________________________________4. Translate the following Chinese sentences into English.2) 19世纪的两大发展为一种全新的建筑世纪的两大发展为一种全新的建筑——摩天大楼铺平了道摩天大楼铺平了道 路：一是安全电梯的发展，二是芝加哥路：一是安全电梯的发展，二是芝加哥1871年灾难性大火后年灾难性大火后 在建筑工艺上的变革在建筑工艺上的变革pave the way for…)Two developments in the 19th century paved the way for a whole new type of building: the skyscraper. The first was the development of a safe elevator, the second was the change of construction techniques in Chicago after the devastating fire in 1871._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ It is very ridiculous that an architectural design aims only at formal novelty, while taking no account of its safety and practicability.Since the birth of the skyscraper, builders and engineers have continuously looked for ways to improve building methods and materials, in order to make structures taller, lighter and stronger._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 2 3) 建筑设计如果一味追求形式的新颖而不考虑安全和实用，将是十建筑设计如果一味追求形式的新颖而不考虑安全和实用，将是十 分荒谬的。
分荒谬的It is very ridiculous that…)4) 为了使结构更高、更轻、更坚固，自摩天大楼诞生之日，建筑者为了使结构更高、更轻、更坚固，自摩天大楼诞生之日，建筑者 和工程师们便在一直想方设法改进建筑方法和材料和工程师们便在一直想方设法改进建筑方法和材料 (look for ways to) Unit 6 》》Part IV 》》Exercise 2 5) 由于钢骨架支撑了建筑物的主要重量，外壳的功用只是遮风由于钢骨架支撑了建筑物的主要重量，外壳的功用只是遮风 避雨和充分采光，因此玻璃墙体在二战以后变得很受欢迎避雨和充分采光，因此玻璃墙体在二战以后变得很受欢迎 (the steel skeleton, serve to, glass walls)Because the steel skeleton supports the main loads of the building, the outer skin only serves to keep the weatherout and let light in, the more light the better. So glass wallsbecame very popular after World War II.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 。