任务型阅读解题技巧

《任务型阅读解题技巧》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《任务型阅读解题技巧（28页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。

1、一一 近近5年江苏高考任务型阅年江苏高考任务型阅读材料，类型一览表读材料，类型一览表年份年份年份年份题目题目题目题目体裁体裁体裁体裁2008Working together议论文议论文2009 Communication principles 议论文议论文 2010 The magnetic sense the living compass 说明文说明文 2011 When should a leader apologize and when not 议论文议论文 2012“Happiness Advantage” effect科普说科普说明文明文二、二、 考纲解读考纲解读一一 内容解读内容解

2、读n n 课标课标： 能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并加工处理。n n 考纲考纲： 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品，科普文章，公告，说明，广告以及书，报，杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。 考生应能： 根据文中提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表。 二 分析解读 1 该题综合了理解， 分析，概括和书面表达等能力。 要求考生理解并掌握材料的整体结构与主旨大意， 利用略读和检索阅读的方式寻求图表所需的信息， 并用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表。 2 该题型对单词来源及词数有严格的要求。三、近几年任务型阅读命题特点规律三、近几年任务型阅读命题特点规律特点特点特点特点 ：1

3、 1 与传统的阅读与传统的阅读 题的题的 区别就在于它对文章区别就在于它对文章结构和层次结构和层次结构和层次结构和层次的体的体现。从现。从大标题大标题大标题大标题( (文章主题文章主题) )到到小标题小标题小标题小标题( (论述的各个侧面或分析论述的各个侧面或分析列举列举) )，再到，再到各个细节各个细节各个细节各个细节的的的的全面分析。全面分析。 2 2考查考查捕捉与组织信息捕捉与组织信息捕捉与组织信息捕捉与组织信息的能力的能力 , ,信息的信息的综合加工和处理综合加工和处理综合加工和处理综合加工和处理能力，能力，其信息不仅体现在其信息不仅体现在阅读短文阅读短文阅读短文阅读短文中，还体现在中

4、，还体现在对表格信息的比对表格信息的比对表格信息的比对表格信息的比较和理解中较和理解中较和理解中较和理解中。常见的命题类型有三种，。常见的命题类型有三种，即捕捉信息题、组即捕捉信息题、组即捕捉信息题、组即捕捉信息题、组织信息题和归纳信息题。织信息题和归纳信息题。织信息题和归纳信息题。织信息题和归纳信息题。 3 3 任务型阅读的阅读量较大，任务型阅读的阅读量较大， 但是阅读难度适中，但是阅读难度适中， 一般原一般原词与推理词的比例为词与推理词的比例为7 7：3 3 。近五年的命题规律近五年的命题规律原文中直接原文中直接能找到能找到原文有但需原文有但需要改变词形要改变词形根据上下文根据上下文的逻辑

5、关系的逻辑关系综合推断综合推断20082008年年6 63 31 120092009年年4 42 24 4201020108 8（原词和稍加变化）（原词和稍加变化）2 2201120116 6 （原词和稍加变化）（原词和稍加变化）4 4201220125 53 32 2四、四、 命题趋势命题趋势 任务型阅读将会继续在高考试题中占有较大比重， 考题形式还是主要以表格形和树状形为主， 文章体裁主要以议论文为主， 阅读量大， 要求考生具有捕捉信息，组织信息和综合概括信息的能力 五、备考建议五、备考建议 一一 扩大词汇扩大词汇、最近几年任务型阅读文章中八级词汇大大增加。如:accidentally,

6、centrality, competent, erase, instance, observation, originate, define, individual, negative, establish, inference, involve, neutral, non-verbal, verbal, nonetheless 等。这就要求考生在平时的复习迎考中不仅要掌握大纲规定的单词和400500个习惯用语或固定搭配,还要注意扩充自己的词汇!备考建议备考建议 二二 扩大阅读量扩大阅读量 提高阅读速度提高阅读速度任务型阅读对学生书面英语的理解能力和阅任务型阅读对学生书面英语的理解能力和阅读速

7、度提出了挑战。任务型阅读文章的长度在读速度提出了挑战。任务型阅读文章的长度在500500词左右词左右 ,2008,2008年高考江苏卷为年高考江苏卷为428428词，词，20092009年为年为539539词，词，20102010年为年为527527词。因此考生在平时的学习中应词。因此考生在平时的学习中应当多进行一些限时训练。提高理解能力和答题的当多进行一些限时训练。提高理解能力和答题的速度。速度。英语教师应该有计划地给学生安排泛读任英语教师应该有计划地给学生安排泛读任英语教师应该有计划地给学生安排泛读任英语教师应该有计划地给学生安排泛读任务，不可完全以练代读。教师可每月推荐一批内务，不可完全

8、以练代读。教师可每月推荐一批内务，不可完全以练代读。教师可每月推荐一批内务，不可完全以练代读。教师可每月推荐一批内容贴近青少年生活和英语国家文化背景的英语读容贴近青少年生活和英语国家文化背景的英语读容贴近青少年生活和英语国家文化背景的英语读容贴近青少年生活和英语国家文化背景的英语读物。文章要有一定的长度和丰富的信息量。如果物。文章要有一定的长度和丰富的信息量。如果物。文章要有一定的长度和丰富的信息量。如果物。文章要有一定的长度和丰富的信息量。如果考生阅读面广，并且具备较好的阅读理解水平，考生阅读面广，并且具备较好的阅读理解水平，考生阅读面广，并且具备较好的阅读理解水平，考生阅读面广，并且具备较

9、好的阅读理解水平，就能在高考中以不变应万变。就能在高考中以不变应万变。就能在高考中以不变应万变。就能在高考中以不变应万变。 备考建议备考建议三三三三 加强阅读技巧的指导加强阅读技巧的指导加强阅读技巧的指导加强阅读技巧的指导培养培养培养培养 略读、扫读、猜词、捕捉细节信息、区分事实略读、扫读、猜词、捕捉细节信息、区分事实略读、扫读、猜词、捕捉细节信息、区分事实略读、扫读、猜词、捕捉细节信息、区分事实和观点、理解文章层次和结构、归纳文章大意、推和观点、理解文章层次和结构、归纳文章大意、推和观点、理解文章层次和结构、归纳文章大意、推和观点、理解文章层次和结构、归纳文章大意、推断作者意图和提高阅读速度

10、等内容的专项训练。每断作者意图和提高阅读速度等内容的专项训练。每断作者意图和提高阅读速度等内容的专项训练。每断作者意图和提高阅读速度等内容的专项训练。每次解题侧重训练某一方面的技巧，诸如解题步骤、次解题侧重训练某一方面的技巧，诸如解题步骤、次解题侧重训练某一方面的技巧，诸如解题步骤、次解题侧重训练某一方面的技巧，诸如解题步骤、如何分析图表结构及内部联系、如何理清层次、如如何分析图表结构及内部联系、如何理清层次、如如何分析图表结构及内部联系、如何理清层次、如如何分析图表结构及内部联系、如何理清层次、如何归纳主题、如何从多种信息中聚焦有效信息、如何归纳主题、如何从多种信息中聚焦有效信息、如何归纳主

11、题、如何从多种信息中聚焦有效信息、如何归纳主题、如何从多种信息中聚焦有效信息、如何确定空档单词的语法功能、如何加工信息等等。何确定空档单词的语法功能、如何加工信息等等。何确定空档单词的语法功能、如何加工信息等等。何确定空档单词的语法功能、如何加工信息等等。解题思路理解文章理解文章分析表格分析表格定位信息定位信息分析整合信息分析整合信息选择合适词汇表达选择合适词汇表达The InternetThe Internet offers information to us Wecan(2)_Information throughout the World, because the Internet ca

12、n Connect millions of computers. The Internet is often called the “information superhighway”,because vast of information travel over it. The Internet enables us to (1)_in a new way. Thanks to(3)_, we can keep in touch with others wherever we are. It has changed the (4)_Of talking. Through it, we can

13、 talk with our students in London About the weather experiment.It has also enabled us to exchange information at (5)_speed than traditional communicative methods. Within a short time, it lets us(6)_another person who has interest in(7)_.Besides, it helps us to send information (8)_the advantages, we

14、 should be (9)_when using it, because it May not be(10)_if someone has access to our receivers computer. 树状形树状形语篇结构语篇结构先先总总后后分分Analyze the structure of a passage. TitleA tree diagraminformation blockinformation blockdetailsdetailsdetailsdetailsdetailsdetailsTitle: Change in Todays ChildrenMain compa

15、risonMain comparisonContextsContextsDifferent(1)_Different(1)_Children Children in the pastin the past just did what they just did what they wre(2)_to.wre(2)_to.ChildrenChildren today today(3)_as if they were adults.(3)_as if they were adults.Different(2)_Different(2)_Children Children in the pastin

16、 the past never never experienced(5)_.experienced(5)_.Sometimes sadness(6)_to children Sometimes sadness(6)_to children nowadaysnowadays. .Different(7)_to Different(7)_to getget knowledgeknowledgeChildren Children in the pastin the past: in a (8)_and guided : in a (8)_and guided processprocessChildr

17、en Children nowadaysnowadays:by(9)_TV without :by(9)_TV without controlcontrolA phenomenon worth notingA phenomenon worth notingThe authorThe author s s (10)_to children(10)_to children s s changechange He prefers communication through print for He prefers communication through print for children, w

18、hich can control what children are to children, which can control what children are to learn.learn.表格式表格式行文方式行文方式对对比比推推 进进 备考建议备考建议n n四 ：培养解题能力n n1 培养词形转换能力( service- serve ) n n2 培养英语释义与概括能力 ignore- pay no attention )n n3 培养逆向思维能力 （decrease- increase ) n n4 培养语篇章结构解读能力- -利用完型填空和阅读理解的文章，在阅读后写出文章的主题，

19、段落大意，自己动手绘制语篇结构图，以增强语篇结构解读能力六六 ：针对练习：针对练习 -进行专门词汇练习 任务型要考任务型要考 信息信息查找查找题题 转换转换题题 归纳归纳题题 词汇练习包括辨认单词练习、单词拼写过词汇练习包括辨认单词练习、单词拼写过关练习、变换词性练习、根据构词法猜词关练习、变换词性练习、根据构词法猜词义练习、单词搭配练习、同义词辨析练习义练习、单词搭配练习、同义词辨析练习和其他一些单词运用练习。教师应将填空和其他一些单词运用练习。教师应将填空高频词罗列出来，供考生记忆。高频词罗列出来，供考生记忆。（一（一 ） 信息信息转换转换题题(1). 信息释义信息释义 (2). 同义词和

20、反义词转换同义词和反义词转换(5).词性转换词性转换(3).句子结构转换句子结构转换(4). 词形转换词形转换1.解题关键解题关键: 根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。成另一种表达方式。2.常常见见的的 转转换换方方式式(6) (6) 表达方式转换表达方式转换构词法，词形转换拓展练习Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words.n nHe was glad about his _ to the university. (admit)n nIt is so cold

21、that even the river has _(freeze).n nThe issue brought about a heated _ (argue).n nTheir rise to fame bears no such _(resemble).n nThe exam was_ easy. (relative)n nDictionaries should be put where they will be easily _ .(access)admissionfrozenargumentresemblancerelativelyaccessible转换表达方式拓展练习Use a si

22、milar expression to paraphrase them.Use a similar expression to paraphrase them.n nIf you If you pay no attention topay no attention to your diet, trouble will follow. your diet, trouble will follow.n nSports clothes are Sports clothes are not not appropriateappropriate for a formal wedding. for a f

23、ormal wedding.n nThe exhibition is held The exhibition is held every yearevery year. .n nI donI don t t agree with agree with her pessimistic view of the state of the her pessimistic view of the state of the current economy.current economy.ignore/neglectannuallysupportinappropriaten nbelong to the c

24、lubbelong to the cluba member / one of the members a member / one of the members of the club;of the club;n nobject to-was opposed to-opposeobject to-was opposed to-opposein opposition in opposition to; canto; can t be accepted-is unacceptable; t be accepted-is unacceptable; n nmiss our homeland and

25、family-homesick; be addicted miss our homeland and family-homesick; be addicted to-be hooked on; to-be hooked on; n ndidndidn t respond tot respond to.=made no response to =said .=made no response to =said nothing in response tonothing in response to.; .;n naccompany sb.=keep sb. company; accuse acc

26、ompany sb.=keep sb. company; accuse ofof=charge =charge withwith. .n ncancan t (help/ choose) but do=have no alternative / t (help/ choose) but do=have no alternative / choice but to dochoice but to don napply to.=make an application toapply to.=make an application to; an approach to ; an approach t

27、o doing.= a way to do / of doingdoing.= a way to do / of doingn napprove of= subscribe to=in favor of= supportapprove of= subscribe to=in favor of= supportn nbe beneficial to=be of benefit to = benefitbe beneficial to=be of benefit to = benefit.; be .; be determined to do= be bent on doingdetermined

28、 to do= be bent on doing. .n ngo aboard.= go on board.= boardgo aboard.= go on board.= board.; be bored .; be bored with=be tired of=be fed up withwith=be tired of=be fed up withn ndo sth. with caution = do sth. cautiously; do sth. with do sth. with caution = do sth. cautiously; do sth. with enthusi

29、asm=do sth. enthusiasticallyenthusiasm=do sth. enthusiasticallyn nIt It s likely that=The chance is that / Chances are s likely that=The chance is that / Chances are that=There is a chance (are chances ) thatthat=There is a chance (are chances ) that=There=There s s possibility /probability thatposs

30、ibility /probability thatn ncompared to / with=in comparison withcompared to / with=in comparison with; ; compensate for=make up forcompensate for=make up forn ncongratulate sb. on sth.= show / express congratulate sb. on sth.= show / express congratulations to sb. on sth.congratulations to sb. on s

31、th.n nas a result=in consequence; consist of=be made up as a result=in consequence; consist of=be made up of=be composed ofof=be composed ofn nagree with=correspond with/ to=be consistent with; agree with=correspond with/ to=be consistent with; deserve to be praised =deserve praising deserve to be p

32、raised =deserve praising n ntell the difference between.andtell the difference between.and=tell/distinguish. =tell/distinguish. from from n ndivorce sb.=got divorced from sb.; face sth=be faced with sth.divorce sb.=got divorced from sb.; face sth=be faced with sth.n ndo good to=be good for. ; be mer

33、ciful to=have mercy do good to=be good for. ; be merciful to=have mercy on=show mercy toon=show mercy ton nhave prejudice against=be prejudiced against ; like sth. have prejudice against=be prejudiced against ; like sth. better=prefer sth.=have a preference forbetter=prefer sth.=have a preference fo

34、rn na little=slightly; thank sb. = be grateful to sb.; draw a little=slightly; thank sb. = be grateful to sb.; draw near=around the cornernear=around the cornern ndondon t know.=have no idea / knowledge oft know.=have no idea / knowledge of.; get on one.; get on one s s knees=kneel downknees=kneel d

35、ownn nbe discovered=come to light; occur to sb=strike sb.; get over be discovered=come to light; occur to sb=strike sb.; get over difficulties=overcome difficultiesdifficulties=overcome difficultiesn nparticipate in=join in = take part in; improve=polish up ; participate in=join in = take part in; i

36、mprove=polish up ; delay=put off =postpone; delay=put off =postpone; n ntake pride in=be proud of ; deliberately=on purpose=by design; take pride in=be proud of ; deliberately=on purpose=by design; n nturn oneturn one s dream into reality=realize ones dream into reality=realize one s dream ; reflect

37、 s dream ; reflect on=think about; on=think about; n nlook like sb.=resemble sb.; be protected by=under the look like sb.=resemble sb.; be protected by=under the umbrella ofumbrella ofn nmake a summary of.=summarize make a summary of.=summarize ; be superior ; be superior to=be better than ; to=be b

38、etter than ; n nHe died three years ahead of his wife.=He survived his He died three years ahead of his wife.=He survived his wife by 3 years.wife by 3 years.n noneone s cup of tea=to ones cup of tea=to one s taste; tend to do=have a s taste; tend to do=have a tendency to dotendency to do. .n nbe ti

39、red=be worn out; be tired=be worn out; n nbe worth doing =be worthy of being done / to be be worth doing =be worthy of being done / to be done= doing sth. is worthwhiledone= doing sth. is worthwhilen n动词转化成名词，表示人的名词常加er,有时加or,如：n nsurvivor, creator, calculator investor, investigator, instructor, vis

40、itor, negotiator, inspector, educator, operator , communicator等； n n前缀：unequal / inequality; improper; inappropriate; insufficient; dishonest(y); uncomfortable; discomfort; un(dis)satisfied; dissatisfaction等。概括性准确性醒目性二二 信息归纳题信息归纳题归纳词归纳词的特征的特征（在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息（在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息)（量体裁衣，大小适度（量体裁衣，大小适度)（简洁明了）（简洁明

41、了）1.解题关键：解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。2. 常见概括性词汇常见概括性词汇:原因，起因原因，起因_ for / _ of后果，影响后果，影响r_/c_/e_ 建议建议S_/t_/a_问题问题 p_解决问题的办法，途经解决问题的办法，途经s_ to sthw_ to dom_of doinga_to sth特征，特点特征，特点c_/f_好处好处/坏处坏处a_/d_相似点相似点/不同点不同点 s_/d_easonauseesultonsequenceffectuggestion iproblemolutionayeathodpproach

42、haracteristiceaturedvantageisadvantageimilarityifferencedvicerc目的目的目的目的 p_/a_/g_p_/a_/g_态度，观点态度，观点态度，观点态度，观点 _ (to) towards/_ of( on, about)_ (to) towards/_ of( on, about)成就，成绩成就，成绩成就，成绩成就，成绩 a_a_地理位置地理位置地理位置地理位置 l_l_结论结论结论结论 c_c_定义定义定义定义 d _d _当前形势当前形势当前形势当前形势/ /情况情况情况情况 present _present _意义意义意义意义 s_s_策略策略策略策略 s_s_urposeimoalattitudeopinionchievementocationonclusionefinitionsituationignificancetrategy注意点：注意点：1 词性一致词性一致2 意思和搭配的双重准确性意思和搭配的双重准确性3 所填单词是否有特殊变形所填单词是否有特殊变形4 大小写大小写