类别类别新课程标准所要求的项目新课程标准所要求的项目词汇词汇concern，，abuse，，stress，，ban，，due，，tough，，addicted，，accustomed，，quit，，effect，，strengthen，，desperate，，disappoint，，ashamed，，risk，，prejudice，，awkwardstart off，，take off，，decide on/upon，，throw away，，feel like，，in spite of，，make up one's mind，，get into，，come across，，think out语法语法it的用法的用法(1) 1．concern1)v.①影响，涉及，牵涉(某人)This concerns the healthy growth of the children deeply.这事对孩子们的健康成长关系极大②与……有关；涉及Attend to what concerns you.注意与你有关的事物 •③让(某人)担忧•Please don't let my illness concern you.•请你不要担心我的疾病。
•④～oneself with/about sth 对……感兴趣•There's no need to concern yourself with this matter; we're dealing with it.•你不用管这事了， 我们正在处理 •2)n.•①[U & C]～(about/for/over sth/sb)|～(that...)(尤指许多人共同的)担心，忧虑•She expressed her deep concern about conditions at the factory.•她对工厂的状况表示深切的关注•②[U] 关爱；关心•I was surprised by her lack of concern.•她的漠不关心令我很感意外 •③[C] (对人，组织等)重要的事情•Stress at work is a matter of concern to staff and management.•工作压力是员工和资方都关切的事 【知识拓展】1)be concerned about/for 担心，忧虑；关心①We are all concerned for/about her safety.我们大家都担心着她的安全。
②He should be concerned for the welfare of the workers.他应当关心工人的福利 •2)be concerned with sth•①对……感兴趣(关注或关切)•I was mainly concerned with making something that children could enjoy.•我关心的主要是做出孩子们喜欢的东西来 •②与某事物有关； 涉及某事物 •Her latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment.•她最近的一部纪录片是关于青年人失业问题的•3)be concerned over/at sth 为某事忧虑•Having suffered a heavy loss, we are all concerned over/at/about our company's future.•遭受了一次重大损失，我们都在为公司的前途忧虑 •4)be concerned in sth和某事有牵连•The police are anxious to interview everyone concerned in last night's accident.•警察急于会见与昨晚事故有关的每个人。
•5)as/so far as...concerned关于； 至于； 就……而言(尤其是表示令人不快的感觉或意见)•As far as I am concerned, you can do what you like.•就我而言，你想干什么就可以干什么 •6)out of concern出于关心•Out of concern for her health, we suggested she take a week off work.•出于对她健康的关心，我们建议她休息一周 【知识运用】(1)The speech which he made________the project bothered me greatly.A．being concerned B．was concerned C．concerned D．concerning答案：D 本题题意：关于这个项目他所说的那番话令我非常反感本考题含有两个定语成分，其一为定语从句which he made，其二为介词短语concerning the project. concerning(＝about sth; involving sb/sth)表示“关于，涉及”；例如：He asked several questions concerning the future of the company. 他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。
(2)The meeting was concerned______reforms and everyone present was concerned______his own interest.A．with; for B．with; in C．in; about D．in; with 答案：A 本题题意：这次会议的议题与改革有关出席会议的每一个人都关心自身的利益be concerned with sth表示“与某事物有关；涉及某事物”；be concerned about/for sth表示“使担心或挂念，使忧虑；关心” (3)________ongoing division between Englishspeaking Canadians and Frenchspeaking Canadians is________major concern of the country.A．The; 不填 B．The; a C．An; the D．An; 不填 答案：B 本题题意：讲英语的加拿大人和讲法语的加拿大人之间持续存在的分歧是加拿大全国关注的重大问题之一。
介词短语between Englishspeaking Canadians and Frenchspeaking Canadians 后 置 作 定 语 ， 修 饰 名 词division，表示特指；concern 为单数可数名词，表示“(对人、组织等)重要的事情”，在此和不定冠词连用，表示“非特指的一个”，说明这只是令人关注的重大问题之一 (4)(2008吉林市) Anything that________Mr. Green interests me.A．concerns B．mattersC．belongs D．relates答案：A 本题题意：任何与格林先生有关的事情，我都感兴趣concern表示“与……有关；涉及” 2．abuse1)n.①[U] 辱骂；恶语He greeted me with a stream of abuse.他见到我就连声辱骂②[U& sing.]～(of sth) 滥用；妄用They talked about how the uses and abuses of figures to prove things in politics.他们谈到人们如何在政治问题上使用及滥用数字来混淆视听。
•③[U& pl.] 虐待•Child abuse is widespread in this country.•这个国家虐待孩子的情况很普遍•2)v.•①滥用(以致危害健康)•He systematically abused his body with heroin and cocaine.•他因服用海洛因和可卡因一步一步地把身体搞垮了•②滥用；妄用(权利、所知所闻)•He abused his power while in office.•他在职时滥用权力 •③辱骂；对(某人)恶语相加；诋毁•Don't abuse your friends.•不要辱骂你的朋友•④虐待；性虐待；伤害•Stop abusing the child.•住手， 不要伤害这孩子 【知识运用】(1)The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug________.A．damage B．injuryC．abuse D．harm答案：C 本题题意：政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题abuse表示“滥用、妄用” (2)Do not________the confidence they have placed in you.A．insult B．abuseC．restore D．undertake答案：B 本题题意：不要辜负他们对你的信任。
abuse表示“滥用；妄用(权利、所知所闻)” (3)We________land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us.A．Employ B．abandonC．abuse D．overlook答案：C 本题题意：我们滥用土地，因为我们把它当作属于自己的商品abuse表示“滥用” 3．stress1)n.①[U&C] 精神压力；心理负担；紧张In fact, stress isn't a bad thing that is often supposed to be.事实上，压力并不像人们所认为的那样是一件坏事②[U &C]～(on sth)压力How much stress can the walls bear/take?该墙能支撑多大的压力？ •③[U] 强调；重要性•I think the company places too much stress on cost and not enough on quality.•我认为公司对成本强调有余，而对质量重视不足•④[U &C] (单词、音节)重音；重读•In the word “mother”， the stress is on the first syllable.•在“mother”这一字里，重音在第一个音节上。
•2)v.•①强调；着重•The English teacher stressed the importance of reading aloud.•英语老师强调了朗读的重要性•②重读；用重音读•Stress the second syllable.•重读第二个音节 【知识拓展】1)lay/place/put stress on 把重点放在……上；在……上用力①The examination put a lot of press on him/put him under a lot of stress.那次考试给了他很大的压力②She lay great stress on proper behavior.她很强调行为端正 •2)under/driven by the stress of 为……所迫；为……所驱使； 处境紧张(或困难)•Worrying over his job and his wife's health put him under a great stress.•忧虑自己的工作及妻子的健康问题使他陷于过度的紧张中 【词语辨析】stress, pressure这两个名词均有“压力，重压，紧张”之意。
1)stress 侧重指承受外来的压力，也指由于某种原因而引起的心理、生理或情绪上的紧张Person may suffer from loneliness, fear, anxiety, or other emotional responses to stress.人们可以因孤独、恐惧、焦虑或其它感情上压抑等而感到痛苦 •2)pressure 在科学上，指单位面积上所受到的压力用于引申时，指某事物所产生的压力或影响力等•Do not put much pressure on the handle; it may break.•不要在把柄上太用力了，它会坏的 【知识运用】(1)We have to lay great stress________politics at all times. This is a point many foreigners don't seem to understand.A．in B．withC．on D．for答案：C 本题题意：我们到什么时候都得讲政治，外国人就是不理解这一条lay/place/put stress on 表示“把重点放在……上； 在……上用力”。
•(2)采用stress或pressure的适当形式填空：•①She is constantly under________and it is affecting her health.•②Susan was completely weighed down by the______of examinations.•③In modern society, everyone is busy in working or studying. As a result, many people suffer from________and anxiety.•④Both diet and exercise affect blood________. 答案：①pressure 译文：她经常负担很重， 因而影响了健康②stress 译文：苏珊被考试的压力压垮了③stress 译文：在现代社会里，每个人不是忙着工作就是读书结果造成许多人有焦虑和过度紧张的困扰④pressure 译文：饮食和运动都对血压有影响 start sb off(on sth)1)使开始(做某事)①What started her off on that crazy idea?她怎么会有那么古怪的念头呢？②Kevin started us all off laughing.凯文把我们都逗笑了。
•2)帮助某人开始(某事)•①My mother started me off on the piano when I was three. •我三岁时母亲就让我开始练钢琴了•②His father started him off farming.•他父亲指点他做农活儿 【知识拓展】1)start off ①开始活动The horse started off at a steady trot.马稳步小跑起来②进行(或开展)起来The discussion started off mildly enough.讨论颇为温和地开展起来③首先进行；一开始是We started off by introducing ourselves.我们一开始先进行自我介绍 •2)start out•①开始从事；着手(某工作)；从业•He asked some money from his parents to start out in business on his own.•他向父母要了些钱自己独立做生意•②最初想要；起先打算•I started out to write a short story, but it soon developed into a novel.•我起先打算写一篇短篇小说，但很快就写成了长篇小说。
•③出发•They started out/off this morning.•他们今天上午出发了 【知识运用】(1)Don't mention her former husband's name to her. It will only start her________.A．out B．offC．over D．with答案：B 本题题意：不要对她提起她前夫的名字．这只能让她生气start sb off (on sth) 表示“使开始(做某事)” •(2)采用适当的介词或副词填空：•①She couldn't solve the problem because she started________on the wrong track.•②Don't start her________on one of her boring stories.•③He started________with one small factory, and now he's the head of an oil empire.•④I'll start________to write my paper tomorrow.•⑤Did he tell you when to start________？•⑥To start________we haven't enough money, and secondly we're too busy. 答案：①out 译文：她无法解决这个问题，因为她的路子一开始就不对头。
②off 译文：不要惹她说她那些乏味的故事③off 译文：他开始只是经营一家小工厂，如今已成为一个石油大企业的头儿④out 译文：我计划明天写读书报告⑤out/off 译文：他有没有告诉你什么时候出发？⑥with 译文：一来我们的钱不够， 二来我们没时间。