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1、The night of the horse Grammar 一、结构：一、结构： 二、句式：二、句式： 三、用法及标志词：三、用法及标志词： 四、注意事项：四、注意事项：【精点分析精点分析】一、现在完成时态的结构：一、现在完成时态的结构： 主语主语+ have / has + 动词过去分词动词过去分词 (注：过去分词规则变化方式同过去式，不规则变化见不规则动词表) 例：例：I have finished my homework. He has found his pen.二、现在完成时态的句式：（以动词二、现在完成时态的句式：（以动词see为例）为例）1、 陈述句：陈述句： I / We /
2、 You / They have seen this film. He / She / It has seen this film. 2、一般问句及简略回答：、一般问句及简略回答： Have you / they seen this film.? Yes, I /we / they have. No, I / we / they havent. Has he / she / it seen this film.? Yes, he / she / it has. No, he / she / it hasnt.3、否定句：、否定句： I / We / You / They havent seen
3、 this film. He / She / It hasnt seen this film.三、现在完成时态的用法：三、现在完成时态的用法：1. 表示已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果表示已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果1） 标志词标志词: already :多用于陈述句，位于多用于陈述句，位于have/has后，有时位于句尾。后，有时位于句尾。 例：例：I have already finished my homework. yet : 用于疑问句和否定句，位于句尾。用于疑问句和否定句，位于句尾。 例：例：Have you found your lost book yet ? I
4、 havent had breakfast yet. ever : 多用于疑问句，问初次经历。多用于疑问句，问初次经历。例：例：Has your father ever spoken to a foreigner? never :用于否定句，位于用于否定句，位于have/has后后 例：例：Weve never met such a tall man. just : 多用于陈述句，位于多用于陈述句，位于have/has后后 例：例：Lucy has just washed her clothes. before :可用于各句式，位于句尾。可用于各句式，位于句尾。 例：例：I have read
5、 this book before. He hasnt been abroad before. Have you flown to Hainan before? b. 无标志词的：无标志词的：例例: He is not feeling well now. He has caught a cold. I have lost the key. I cant go into my room.1.我已经完成了家庭作业。我已经完成了家庭作业。2.他刚刚打扫完房间。他刚刚打扫完房间。3.你已经吃过午饭了吗？你已经吃过午饭了吗？4.你以前曾经去过纽约吗？你以前曾经去过纽约吗？5.不，我从未去过那儿。不，我从
6、未去过那儿。I have already finished my homework.He has just cleaned the room.Have you had lunch yet?Have you ever been to New York before?No, Ive never been there before. 2. 表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在 （ 还可能继续去）还可能继续去） 的动作或状态。的动作或状态。标志词标志词:1）for +一段时间一段时间例：例：We have lived in this city for ten years. 2）
7、 since +过去点时间过去点时间 since +一段时间一段时间+ago since +从句（从句用一般过去式）从句（从句用一般过去式） 例例: He has worked here since 1990. She has taught in this school since two years ago. We have known each other since we met. 3） so far, once/twice/ three times ,all ones life 4） in the past +一段时间一段时间 during the last +一段时间一段时间例例:
8、They have learnt 2000 words so far. Tom has seen the film twice. Her father has worked in the factory all his life.例例:They have built many high buildings in the past three years. Great changes have taken place in Binzhou during the last two years3. have / has been to与与have / has gone to的区别运用的区别运用He
9、has been to Jinan.（去过济南，人已回来）去过济南，人已回来）He has gone to Jinan.（去济南了，人在路上去济南了，人在路上 或在济南）或在济南）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1） 一般过去时表示过去的事实，强调动作发生的一般过去时表示过去的事实，强调动作发生的 时间、地点、方式；时间、地点、方式； 2）而现在完成时表示过去动作与现在的关系，强）而现在完成时表示过去动作与现在的关系，强 调对现在的影响或产生的结果调对现在的影响或产生的结果 例：例：1）I had my lunch at twelve at school. 我十二点在
10、学校吃的午饭。我十二点在学校吃的午饭。 (强调吃饭的时间、地点，不涉及现在情况强调吃饭的时间、地点，不涉及现在情况) 2） I have had my lunch. 我吃过午饭了。我吃过午饭了。 (强调吃饭对现在的影响是饱了，不须再吃了强调吃饭对现在的影响是饱了，不须再吃了) 3）When / Where did you have it? 什么时候什么时候 / 在哪儿吃的？在哪儿吃的？ (不管问时间还是地点，都与现不管问时间还是地点，都与现在无关，故用一般过去时）在无关，故用一般过去时）1.我学习英语已经有两年了。我学习英语已经有两年了。2.自从十年前她就住在这儿了。自从十年前她就住在这儿了。
11、3.我的叔叔已经在这个工厂工作很多年了。我的叔叔已经在这个工厂工作很多年了。4.自从她的父母回来以后她还没看过电影呢。自从她的父母回来以后她还没看过电影呢。I have learned English for two years.She has lived here since ten years ago.My uncle has already worked in thisfactory for many years.I have learned English since two years ago.She has lived here for ten years.She has neve
12、r seen films yet since herparents came back. 2.非延续性动词（也称点时间动词）的用法非延续性动词（也称点时间动词）的用法 常用的非延续性动词，如常用的非延续性动词，如 come, go, leave, arrive, join, die, begin,finish, open, close, buy, borrow, get up等等 ，它们的完成时不能与段时间状语，它们的完成时不能与段时间状语连用，若句中有表示一段时间的状语，需将非延续性动词连用，若句中有表示一段时间的状语，需将非延续性动词改为延续性动词形式。改为延续性动词形式。 例例：（误）误
13、）He has come to Jinan for two weeks. （正）正）He has been in Jinan for two weeks. 1）、 come to sp.= be in sp. 2）、）、 go to sp. = be in sp. 3）、）、 leave = be away （from）例：例：They left the town two days ago.They have been away from the town since two days ago.4） join = be in = be a member of / be a .member例：例
14、：She joined the League three months ago. She has been in the League for three months. She has been a member of the League for three months. She has been a League member since three months ago.5） die = be dead例：例：The man died five years ago. The man has been dead for five years.6） begin = be on例：例：Th
15、e film began ten minutes ago.The film has been on since ten minutes ago.7）buy = have例：例：We bought the house two years ago. We have had the house for two years.8） borrow = keep例：例：She borrowed the books a week ago. She has kept the books for a week. 9) open = be open; close = be closed get up = be up
16、 finish = be over; 3、固定句式：固定句式： It is / has been + 段时间段时间 + since 从句从句(用一般过去时用一般过去时）例：例：It is has been two days since he left for America. It is /has been a year since they joined the army. It is / has been ten years since the hospital opened. 将瞬间动词变为延续性动词将瞬间动词变为延续性动词comebe herebuyhaveget upbe upget
17、 to knowknowbegin/ startbe on瞬间瞬间 延续延续put onweardiebe deadgoget outbe outleavebe away fromcatch a coldhave a cold 瞬间瞬间 延续延续borrowkeepjoinbe infall asleepbe asleepend/ finishbe over瞬间瞬间 延续延续1.从他十岁时起，他就离开了家。从他十岁时起，他就离开了家。2. 我的狗已经死了一年了。我的狗已经死了一年了。My dog has been dead for a year.My dog has been dead sin
18、ce a year ago.My dog died a year ago.Its a year since my dog died.A year has passed since my dog died.He has been away from home since he was ten years old.同义句转换同义句转换1. The boy bought a book two weeks ago. The boy _ _ a book _two weeks.2. The train left two minutes ago. The train _ _ _ for two minut
19、es.3. We borrowed this magazine last week. We _ _ this magazine for one week.4. This factory opened two years ago. This factory _ _ _ since two years ago.hashadforhasbeen awayhaskepthasbeen open5. My mother came back three hours ago. My mother _ _ _ for three hours.6. That fish died last month. That
20、 fish _ _ _ for a month.7. I came to China last year. I _ _ _ China since last year.8. The bus arrived here just now. The bus _ _ _ here.hasbeenbackhasbeendeadhavebeeninhasbeenjust9 .The meeting began ten minutes ago. The meeting _ _ _ for ten minutes.10. You joined the Party the year before last.Yo
21、u _ _ _ the Party for two yearsYou _ _ a _ _ for two years.11. My father got up 5 minutes ago. My father _ _ _ for 5 minutes.12 .The TV play ended an hour ago. The TV play _ _ _ since an hour ago.has beenonhave beeninhave beenmemberPartyhasbeenuphasbeen over13. He closed the window when I came in.Th
22、e window has _ _ _ I came in.14. They went to England two days ago. They _ _ _ England for two days.15. The baby fell asleep half an hour ago.The baby _ _ _ for half an hour .sincebeen closedhavebeeninhasbeenasleep一、根据句义和所给汉语提示，完成下列单词：一、根据句义和所给汉语提示，完成下列单词：1.Has he finished his homework ?(已经）2.She ha
23、s (从未）been late for school so far.3.The old man has lived here (自从）1988.4.My father has （去）to Beijing twice.5.I am sorry I (忘）my book at home.6.He has (买）this bike for two years.7.They have (借）these books for a month.二、选择题：二、选择题：1.Have you had your lunch? A.Yes,I have had it at 11:30 B.Yes,I had had
24、 it at 11:30 C.Yes,I had it at 11:30 D.Yes,I have it at 11:302.She has been to Hainan,has she?A.already B.ever C.never D.yet3.Dont worry. The police your lost son.A.found B.were found C.are finding D.have found4.- have you been like this? -Since last week.A.How often B.How long C.How soon D.How much
25、5.-Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So her parents.A.has B.have C.did D.are6.He hasnt Cape Town before.A.been to B.been in C.gone to D.went to7.They have been in the library .A.since an hour B.since it opens C.since it opened D.since its open8.Neither we nor he this film.A.has seen B.have seen C.have look
26、ed at D.has looked at9.- Wheres your mother? -She Shanghai. She wont be back tomorrow.A.has gone to ;unit B.has been to;until C.has been to;after D.has gone to; after10.-Nice to see you. I you for a long time. -I in Beijing . I ve just come back.A.hadt seen;am B.havet seen;was C.didnt see;will be D.
27、havent seen;shall be16 He began to study English two years ago.He _ _ English for two years.17 He began to work here ten years ago. He _ _ here_ ten years ago.18 I heard from him two weeks ago.I _ _ a letter from him _ two weeks.hasstudiedhasworkedsincehaveforhad19 He went to Shanghai a week ago. He
28、 will be back.He _ _ to Shanghai .20 The boy made the kite two hours ago. The boy _ _ the kite _ two hours ago.hasgonehassincemade三、翻译三、翻译:1.我已经读完了这本书。我已经读完了这本书。2.她尚未吃早饭。她尚未吃早饭。3.李莉刚好擦了黑板。李莉刚好擦了黑板。4.你以前见过他吗？你以前见过他吗？5.我们学英语两年多了。我们学英语两年多了。6.他来济南五天了。他来济南五天了。7.他们离开这儿已两个小时了。他们离开这儿已两个小时了。8.那位老人已死了三年了。那位老人已死了三年了。9.班会已开了十分钟了。班会已开了十分钟了。10.自从两年前我买了这套房子。自从两年前我买了这套房子。11.自从上次见到他到现在已有十年了。自从上次见到他到现在已有十年了。
