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1、Basic Anatomy Location位于纵隔腔内位于纵隔腔内左右肺之间左右肺之间2/3 2/3 在中线左侧在中线左侧方向:右后上左方向:右后上左前下前下Mid Line心脏的组成心脏的腔室v心房:左、右心房v心室:左、右心室心脏传导系统心脏的血供系统心房:薄壁,低压心腔心房:薄壁,低压心腔概述:心房为薄壁,低压心腔左右心房以房间隔分隔导管从右心房到左心房,需行房间隔穿刺术,经卵圆窝通路进入左心房右心房:在右心室收缩期充盈接受来自于SVC,IVC,CS的血液 静脉血左心房在左心室收缩期充盈接受来自肺静脉的血液动脉血心脏心脏: 泵功能泵功能概述左右心室间以室间隔相隔分流入道和流出道左心室
2、接受来自左心房的血液将血液泵入主动脉 (Ao),至全身组织左心室室壁厚于右心室右心室接受来自右心房的血液将血液泵入肺动脉Viewed from above左右心室横截面左右心室横截面心壁结构心壁结构心外膜最外层Outermost layer薄层,浆膜Thin, serous membrane心肌层Myocardium中层Middle layer工作心肌Working muscle of heart心内膜Endocardium最内层Innermost layerLines myocardium心包Pericardium心包腔Pericardial Sac内含少量浆膜液Small amount o
3、f liquidGross Structuresof the HeartRight Atrium Crista TerminalisIVCCoronary SinusFossa OvalisTricuspid ValveSVCTriangle of KochRight VentricleTricuspid ValvePapillary MusclesSeptumPurkinje FibersPulmonic ValvePulmonary TrunkRVOTLeft AtriumPulmonary VeinsRight Superior PV Right Inferior PVLeft Supe
4、rior PVLeft Inferior PVLeft AtriumAppendageFossa OvalisMitral Valve AnnulusLeft VentricleMitral ValveChordae TendenaePapillary Muscles纤维骨架纤维骨架分离心房和心室为心脏瓣膜提供框架心脏瓣膜 (房室瓣)只允许血液从心房单向流向心室三尖瓣连接 RA 和 RV二尖瓣连接 LA和 LV心室压力低于心房压力时,房室瓣开放心脏瓣膜(半月瓣)肺动脉瓣:连接RV与PA主动脉瓣:连接LV 与 AoPulmonic ValveAortic Valve腱索与乳头肌腱索腱索连接房室瓣
5、和乳头肌乳头肌发自心内膜,连接于腱索作用心室收缩迫使房室瓣关闭乳头肌收缩引起腱索紧张预防血液从动脉逆向回流至心室心脏瓣膜心脏瓣膜 心脏舒张期心脏舒张期心脏瓣膜在心动周期中的作用心脏瓣膜在心动周期中的作用循环系统循环系统循环系统循环系统组成:泵器官 血液管腔作用:维持内环境的稳定运输功能:向体细胞运输养分,O2,激素;从体细胞运出CO2,废物调节功能: 调节体液平衡,PH值,以及体温保护功能:杀菌两种循环,一个系统两种循环,一个系统两种循环,一个系统!血液流动沿一个方向一个无间隙的,闭合系统心输出量在两种循环时是一样的 箭头代表血流方向肺循环和体循环肺循环和体循环右心系统从静脉接受低氧血将低氧血
6、回流至肺组织左心系统从肺组织接受高氧分血液将高氧分血液输送至全身组织动脉系统动脉系统输送血液离开心脏,至全身系统管壁较厚静脉系统静脉系统携带血液回流至心脏管壁较动脉壁薄内含静脉瓣毛细血管毛细血管最小的血管管壁厚度仅为一个细胞厚度通过管壁直接进行交换冠状动脉冠状动脉概述:起自主动脉根部分为左冠状动脉,右冠状动脉供养心脏组织冠状动脉冠状动脉右冠状动脉走行于右房室沟供养窦房结,房室结,右心房,右心室,左心室下、后壁左冠状动脉分为左前降支( LAD )、左回旋支(LCX)走行:LAD走行于前室间沟,LCX走行于左房室沟供养LV前壁,室间隔大部,His束冠状静脉冠状静脉冠状静脉左冠状静脉右冠状动脉冠状窦
7、(CS)回流血液至右心房The Lungs肺脏肺脏分为左右两叶弥散CO2肺泡组织肺泡组织Anatomy ReviewWhich structure is the most superior?a)Fossa Ovalisb)AV Nodec)Bundle of Hisd)RV apexAnatomy ReviewWhich structure is the most posterior?a.RV Apexb.Tricuspid valvec.Mitral valved.Pulmonary veinse.AV nodeAnatomy ReviewThe right side of the hear
8、ta.Sends unoxygenated blood to the lungsb.Receives oxygenated blood from the lungsc.Send oxygenated blood to the systemic circulationd.Serves as a reservoir for left sided pumpinge.Receives blood from the pulmonary veinsAnatomy ReviewThe tricuspid valve connects thea.Left atrium with left ventricleb
9、.Right atrium with left atriumc.Right atrium with right ventricled.Right ventricle to left ventriclee.Left atrium to pulmonary valveAnatomy ReviewThe right and left sides of the heart are divided by a muscular wall called thea.Foramen Thebessib.Fossa ovalisc.Septumd.Adventitiae.MediaAnatomy ReviewTh
10、e purpose of the papillary muscles is toa.Separate atria from the ventriclesb.Prevent retrograde flow of blood from the ventricles to the atriac.Protect the endocardium from injuryd.Unknowne.Pump O2 poor blood to the right atriumAnatomy ReviewWhat is the primary pumping chamber of the heart?a.Left a
11、triumb.Right ventriclec.Right atriumd.Left ventriclee.Fossa ovalisAnatomy ReviewThe coronary arteriesa.Supply O2 rich blood to the heartb.Receive O2 poor blood from the heartc.Pumps blood from the left ventricle to the high pressure systemic circulationd.Sends O2 poor blood to the right atriume.Only artery that sends O2 poor blood