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1、一一. .相关概念相关概念1.名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语、宾 语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语、状语。3.名词性从句： 在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主 语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当， 这个句子就叫名词性从句。4.名词性从句的种类： 根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分， 名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表 语从句和同位语从句。二二. .主语从句主语从句1.主语从句的连接词1).连接词连接词: that, whether(1).That he will win is certain. (2).It has been
2、 reported that sales of beef in China will increase. (3).Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided. (4).Whether hell join us in the discussion is of great importance.2).连接代词连接代词: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,whatever, whichever例例: (1).It is clear who is afraid of having a
3、 change in land ownership. (2).Whose bag it is can not be told. (3).What India needs is a law to make land ownership fairer. (4).It is not yet decided which cash crop will be produced next year. (5).Whatever he said was right.(6).Whoever goes there must get ready by 6 oclock.3).连接副词连接副词: when, where
4、, why, how, how many, how much, how long, how soon, how often(1).When well start tomorrow will be told soon. (2).Where we can buy oxen is something we need to find out. (3).Why he came here is not known. (4).How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed.(5).How many people died from s
5、tarvation that year will never be known.(6).How often hell go to see his grandmother depends on the time he can spare.2.2.注意点注意点1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前即主语在前,谓谓 语在后语在后.正正: When he will come is not known.误误: When will he come is not known.2).连接词连接词that在从句中无实际意义在从句中无实际意义,但不能省但不能省略略.正正: That h
6、e will not come to the meeting this evening is true. 误误: He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.3).whether可以引导主语从句可以引导主语从句,但但if不能不能.4).whoever, whatever, whichever等词等词可以引导主语从句可以引导主语从句, 但但no matter who, no matter what 等不能等不能.5).为避免主语冗长为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it作作形式主语形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的
7、主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例: It is well known/reported/thought/said/ that It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/ that It is a pity/a shame/an honour/ that It doesnt matter whether/It seems that It happens that三三. .宾语从句宾语从句1. 1.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词: : 宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同相同.2.2.注意点注意点1)
8、.1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序. .2).2).引导宾语从句的连词引导宾语从句的连词thatthat也无实际也无实际意义意义, ,多数情况下可以省略多数情况下可以省略. . .3).whether3).whether和和ifif都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句但但: : (1).(1).当当whetherwhether后紧跟后紧跟or notor not时时, ,不不用用if.if.例例: : I donI dont know whether I will t know whether I will stay or not.stay or not.(2).(2
9、).介词后面的宾语从句不能用介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.if. 例例: I worry about whether : I worry about whether I hurt her feelingI hurt her feeling (1).(1).在主在主+ +谓谓+it(+it(形式宾语形式宾语)+)+宾补宾补+that+that从句从句( (真正宾语真正宾语) ) 的句型中不省略的句型中不省略. .例例: We must make it clear that we : We must make it clear that we mean what we say. mean what
10、 we say.(2).(2).由连词由连词andand连接的两个由连接的两个由thatthat引导引导的宾语从句中的宾语从句中,that ,that 不省略不省略. .例例: He told me that he would come : He told me that he would come and that he would come on time and that he would come on time.4).that4).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留在宾语从句中的省略与保留宾语从句的语序问宾语从句的语序问题题同位语从句与定语同位语从句与定语从句的区别从句的区别巩固巩固
11、练习练习种类种类1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句I 名词性从句的种类名词性从句的种类主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语在复合句中作主句的主语. .引导词有引导词有连词连词that that (that(th
12、at 不可省不可省) ),whether,whether; ; 代词有代词有who, what who, what ,which,which; ;副词副词 when ,where, how, when ,where, how, whywhy 等等. .如如: :1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not yet fixed when he wil
13、l go to America.)宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语在复合句中作主句的宾语. .引导引导词有连词词有连词that that ( (that that 常可省略常可省略) ),whether,if;,whether,if; 代词有代词有who, whose,what ,whichwho, whose,what ,which副词副词 when ,where, how, whywhen ,where, how, why 等等. .如如: :We believe (that) he is honest.I told him (that) I would come back soon
14、.He said (that)he would go there the next day and that his family wouldnt go there.表语从句表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语在复合句中作主句的表语. .引导词有连词引导词有连词that that (that(that 不可省不可省) ),whether,whether; ; 代词有代词有who, what ,whichwho, what ,which; ;副词副词 when ,where, how, whywhen ,where, how, why 等等. .The problem is that we didnt
15、 get in touch with him.This is how Henry solved the problem. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.如果句子的主语是如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.ordersuggestion,advice.order等名等名词时词时, ,后面引导的表语从句用后面引导的表语从句用should+should+动词原形动词原形,should,should可省略可省略. .同位语从句同位语从句 在句中起同位语的作用在句中起同位语的作用. .一般放在一般放在
16、名词名词 fact , news , idea , fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestionpromise, thought , suggestion 等之后等之后, ,用以说明或解释前面的名词用以说明或解释前面的名词引导词有连词引导词有连词 that ;that ;1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that
17、the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.名词名词suggestion,advice.ordersuggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用要用should+should+动词原形动词原形,should,should可可省略省略. .Tell the difference1.The news 1.The news that the plane would that the plane would take off on timetake off on time m
18、ade everybody made everybody happy.happy.2.The news 2.The news that is spreading that is spreading around the airport around the airport is is that a that a heavy storm is coming.heavy storm is coming.3.The suggestion 3.The suggestion that that students should learn students should learn something p
19、racticalsomething practical is worth is worth considering.considering.4.The suggestion 4.The suggestion that they that they are consideringare considering is is that that students should learn students should learn something practicalsomething practical同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处1 1、两种从句都可以译成定语、两种从句都可以译成定语The n
20、ews that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 我我们队们队取得取得决决赛胜赛胜利的利的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.你你告告诉诉我我们们的的消息消息真真的令人鼓舞。的令人鼓舞。2 2、两种从句都可以用、两种从句都可以用thatthat引导引导 The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 学学生生应该学学些些实用
21、的用的东西的西的建建议值得考得考虑。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.值得考得考虑的的建建议是是学学生生应该学学些些实用的用的东西。西。同位语从句与定语从句的同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处不同之处1 1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。限定前面的名词。 . The news that our team h
22、as won the final match is encouraging. 我们队取得我们队取得了决赛胜利。了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（是（是你告诉我们的你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。而非来自其他渠道。同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处2 2、引导从句的关联词、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在是关系
23、代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。从句中充当成分。.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.Dad made a promise -I passed the English test, he would buy me CD playerA A that that if if B that C what D if B that C what D if 1.His
24、proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.2.Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.4. He made an excuse 4. He made an excuse that his car that his car broke down onbroke down on the waythe way. .5
25、. Is this the company 5. Is this the company where your where your father worksfather works? ?6. This is the reason 6. This is the reason that he gave that he gave for his absencefor his absence. .Choose the best answer1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. who
26、m D. when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. that4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book sai
27、d was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. whichIIII语序问题语序问题1.The photographs will show you _ （MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village look
28、s like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 2.He asked_for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be d
29、one at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; becauseC. why ; that D. that; because4. _ I can4. _ I can t und
30、erstand is _ t understand is _ she wants to change her mind.she wants to change her mind.A. What; why B. Which; how A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; becauseC. That; why D. What; because5. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if
31、6. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that7. I have the information _.A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soonC. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon8. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly
32、 mad.A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break9.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. how B. that C. when D. what10.- Can I help you?10.- Can I help you? - Yes, do you know _? - Yes, do you know _?A.A.when comes the bus when comes the bus B. when w
33、ill come the busB. when will come the busC. when does the bus come C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comesD. when the bus comes11. He made a promise _ anyone set 11. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.him free he would make him very rich.A. that B. if C. what
34、 D. that ifA. that B. if C. what D. that if12. They lost their way in the forest and 12. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.began to fall.A. what; that B. it; thatA. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what
35、 C. what; when D. which; what名词性从句知识点考点名词性从句知识点考点考点一，名词性从句的语序问题。考点一，名词性从句的语序问题。考点二，考点二，it it 作为作为形式主语形式主语或或形式宾语形式宾语的用法。的用法。考点三，考查考点三，考查 thatthat 与与 whatwhat 的区别。的区别。考点四，考查考点四，考查whetherwhether 与与 if if 以及与以及与 thatthat 的区别的区别。考点五，考查考点五，考查 疑问词疑问词+ever +ever 引导的名词性从引导的名词性从句句 以及与以及与 no matter + no matter
36、 + 疑问词疑问词 的区别。的区别。考点六，考点六， 考查名词性从句的考查名词性从句的 虚拟语气虚拟语气 问问题题。 在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句句首外，其它部分应用陈述语序，特别句首外，其它部分应用陈述语序，特别是在以是在以whwh- -引起的名词性从句中。克服这引起的名词性从句中。克服这个问题的关键是要找准从句的主语个问题的关键是要找准从句的主语。 The photographs will show you _ A. what does our village look like B. What our village looks like C. how
37、 does our village look like D. how our village looks like在句词型从句中为了使句子保持平衡在句词型从句中为了使句子保持平衡, ,常用先行词常用先行词 itit 来代替主语从句或来代替主语从句或宾语从句宾语从句, ,而把主语从句或宾语从句而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面放到后面, ,尤其是连词尤其是连词 that that 引导的引导的主语从句常用于此句式中主语从句常用于此句式中. .不能用不能用 thisthis和和 thatthat来代替来代替 itit. _is a fact that English is being accepted
38、 as an international language.A.There B. This C. That D. ItI hate _when people talk with their mouths full.A. it B. that C. these D. them在名词性从句中在名词性从句中 that 与与 what 的区别的区别: that 连词在从句中不作成分连词在从句中不作成分,不含有疑问不含有疑问意义意义,只起语法连接作用只起语法连接作用; 而而 what 连词连词在从句中作成分在从句中作成分,且含有疑问意义且含有疑问意义.(指物指物,事事,东西东西,作主语作主语,宾语宾语,
39、表语表语,同位语等同位语等). _we can_we can t get seems better t get seems better than _we have .than _we have .A.A.What; what B. What; that What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what C. That; that D. That; what 在名词性从句中在名词性从句中 whether 和和 if 的区别是的区别是: 在引导宾语从句时两者一般可以通用在引导宾语从句时两者一般可以通用,但在引导但在引导主语从句主语从句 表语
40、从句表语从句, 同位语从句同位语从句, 介词后面的宾语从句以及后面直介词后面的宾语从句以及后面直 接跟接跟 or not 时只能用时只能用 whether,不用不用 if . whetherwhether和和 if if 引引导名名词性性从从句句与与 that that 引引导名名词性性从从句句区区别: : whether ,ifwhether ,if 引引导的的从从句是句是由一般疑由一般疑问句句转化而化而来来的的, ,含有疑含有疑问意意义 ; ; 而而 thatthat 引引导的的从从句是由句是由陈述句述句转化而化而来来的的, ,不含有疑不含有疑问意意义. . What the doctor
41、s really doubt is _my What the doctors really doubt is _my mother will recover from the dieasemother will recover from the diease. . A.when B.how C.whether D.whyA.when B.how C.whether D.why It worried her a bit _her hair was It worried her a bit _her hair was turning greyturning greyA.while B.that C
42、.if D.forA.while B.that C.if D.for疑问词疑问词+ever与与 no matter+疑问词疑问词的区别的区别是是: 前者既可以引导名词性从句前者既可以引导名词性从句,也可引导让也可引导让步状语从句步状语从句,后者后者 只能引导让步状语从句只能引导让步状语从句.在引导从句在引导从句时时,疑问词疑问词+ever 比比 单独单独 用疑问词引导从用疑问词引导从句语气要强句语气要强. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who S
43、arah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C .whoever D. no matter who1.1.It was ordered that all the It was ordered that all the soldiers_to the frontsoldiers_to the frontA. should send B.must be sent C.shouldA. should send B.must be sent C.should be be sent D.mus
44、t gosent D.must go2. It is not clear _he did it .2. It is not clear _he did it . A. who B. which C.whom D.why A. who B. which C.whom D.why3.It is said _has been translated into 3.It is said _has been translated into Chinese.Chinese.A. that B. which C. that which D.that thatA. that B. which C. that w
45、hich D.that that练习：练习：CDD4.It is a pity that she _in the exam. A. had failed B. fails C. fail D. is failing5.Everything depends on _we have enough experience. A. if B. whether C. that D. when6.Actually,girls can be_they want to be just like boys ,whether it is a pilot, an astronaut, or a general man
46、ager. A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whoever6.Actually, girls can be _they want to be just like boys ,whether it is a pilot, an astronaut, or a general manager. A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whoever7.This is the main use that the scientists make _of natural resources. A. it B.which C.
47、use D.8.Mr. Cooper wanted to buy the house and he told me that _the house cost, it would be _it. A. howeverworth B. how muchworth C.whatever;worth D.whatworthy 9. Tom enjoyed _ again by working in the factory because he often hates _ while staying alone at home all day long. A. him that B. itit C. h
48、imselfit D. himselfthat10._sometimes keeps her awake at night _Tom is getting more and more quiet at home. A. That which B. It thatC. Whether what D. What that11.-Do you know _ Jacks address is? -He may live at No.25 or No.52 of Changan Street. Im not sure of_. A. where which B. what which C. where
49、what D. what where10._sometimes keeps her awake at night is _ Tom is getting more and more quiet at home. A. That which B. It thatC. Whether what D. What that1. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who are they D. who it is 2. _ she couldnt understand was _ fe
50、wer and fewer students were interested in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 3. -We havent heard from Jane for a 3. -We havent heard from Jane for a long time. long time. - _ has happened to her? - _ has happened to her? A. Do you suppose that B. What do you A. Do
51、you suppose that B. What do you suppose suppose C. Do you think that D. What you think C. Do you think that D. What you think 5. Word came _ the PLA man approached the child slowly and helped him to safety. A. since B. so that C. that D. why 6. The child is always lying, so none of us will believe _
52、 he says. A. whatever B. no matter what C. how D. which 7. The fact troubles me so much _ I have been unable to pass the driving test up to now. A.which B. because C. why D. that 8. See to _ the children dont catch coldA. it what B. it that C. what D. that 9. He, _ is playing an important part, is w
53、ell-known to us all. A.that who B. those who C. who that D. who 10. It matters little _ a man dies, but _ matters so much more is _ he lives. A. how; what; how B. how; it; how C. why; it; why D. which; what; that 11. Pointing to the house, he said, 11. Pointing to the house, he said, This is _ I use
54、d to live when This is _ I used to live when I was young. I was young. A. when B. what C. that D. where A. when B. what C. that D. where 12. After ten years, he had changed a 12. After ten years, he had changed a lot and looked different from lot and looked different from _ he used to be. _ he used
55、to be. A. why B. which C. what D. who A. why B. which C. what D. who 13. Father made a promise _ I passed the examination, he would buy me a bicycle. A. that B. if that C. whether D. that if 14. -What about the speech he made this afternoon? - _ he said so must be quite encouraging, I think. A. What
56、 B. That C. / D. All 15. There are signs _ restaurants are becoming more popular with families. A in which B. which C. that D. whose 16. Because they usually receive the same score on standardized exams, there is often disagreement as to _ is the better student, Bob or Helen. A. who B. where C. when
57、 D. whose 17. Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and _ more than 10,000 years ago. A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now C. is now Alaska D. what is now Alaska 18. The boy dived into the water and, after _ seemed to be a long time, he came up
58、again. A.what B. that C. it D. which19. _ we can pass the coming examination will mainly depend on _ we learn and _ we learn it. A.Whether; what; how B. That; whether; why C. If; how; that D. Why; that; how 20. Although most of them have no 20. Although most of them have no doubt _ he will pass the
59、doubt _ he will pass the exam, I still wonder _ he has exam, I still wonder _ he has really got everything ready. really got everything ready. A. whether; that B. that; whether A. whether; that B. that; whether C. that; that D. whether; whether C. that; that D. whether; whether 名词性从句自测题名词性从句自测题He as
60、ked _ for the violin.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 2.They want to know _do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 3. _ you have done might do harm to other people.A. That B. What C. Which D. This4.These photog
61、raphs will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village looks like D. how our village looks like 5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 7.It is not _that this situation will continue v
62、ery long. A. alike B. like C. likely D. the like 8.Computers can only give out _ has been stored in them by man.A. that B. which C. what D. everything 9.We all heard the news _ the Chinese Women Volleyball Team had won the match. A. which B. that C. in which D. when 10.There is a police car in front
63、 of our neighbours house. What do you suppose_?A. is happen B. has happened C. would happen D. did ha11.Energy is _ makes things work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that 12.This is just _they are mistaken. A. when B. what C. where D. which 13.Why he fell ill suddenly was _ he was caught in the
64、 rain yesterday. A. because B. since C. that D. only because 14.I dont think the question of _ they are old or young is important. A. which B. whether C. how D. why 15.Ill make _ to all that you were once a sailor. A. known B. knowing C. then known D. it known 16. _ was not our concern. A. No matter
65、 he might pass the examination B. Whether he passed the examination or not C. Though he might pass the examinationD. He passed the examination17.Do you believe _ he will win?A. that B. whether C. if D. what 18.I have no doubt _ it is true.A. that B. whether C. if D. what 19.I dont think _. A. that i
66、s true hell go there himself B. it true that hell go there himself C. that he will true go there himself D. this is true hell go there himself 20.Do you know _ get three gold medals?A. how Tim could B. how Tim was able to C. how was Tim able to D. how could Tim 21.They expressed the hope _ they woul
67、d come over to visit China again.A. which B. that C. whether D. for which 22.The reason why I didnt finish my homework was _ my schoolbag with all my textbooks in it. A. because I lost B. because of losing C. for I lost D. that I lost .Why he fell ill suddenly was _ he was caught in the rain yesterday. A. because B. since C. that D. only because 从句自测题答案：从句自测题答案：1-5 DBBBC 6-10 CCCBB 11-15 ACCBD16-20 BAABB 21-25 BDBDC
