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1、by Coventry PatmoreThe Angel in the House2012、12、18l the Author the Poem the Angel in other worksThe Angel in the House is a narrative poem by Coventry Patmore, first published in 1854 and expanded until 1862.Although largely ignored upon publication, it became enormously popular during the later 19
2、th century and its influence continued well into the twentieth.The poem was an idealised account of Patmores courtship of his first wife, Emily, whom he believed to be the perfect woman.Patmores wife Emily,the model for the Angel in the HouseAuther ： Coventry Kersey Dighton Patmore (23 July 1823 26
3、November 1896) was an English poet and critic best known for The Angel in the House, his narrative poem about an ideal happy marriage.Life and His MarriageThe eldest son of author Peter George Patmore, Coventry Patmore was born at Woodford in Essex and was privately educated. He was his fathers inti
4、mate and constant companion and inherited from him his early literary enthusiasm. It was Coventrys ambition to become an artist. He showed much promise, earning the silver palette of the Society of Arts in 1838. In 1839 he was sent to school in France for six months, where he began to write poetry.
5、On his return, his father planned to publish some of these youthful poems; Coventry, however, had become interested in science and poetry was set aside.He later returned to writing however, enthused by the success of Alfred Lord Tennyson; and in 1844 he published a small volume of Poems, which was o
6、riginal but uneven. In 1847 he married Emily Augusta Andrews, and by 1851 they had had two sons. Three daughters followed , before their last child, a son , was born in 1860.In 1865 he re-married, his second wife being Marianne Byles, a year later he purchased Buxted Hall in Surrey, the history of w
7、hich he wrote in How I managed my Estate (1886). His second wife Marianne died in 1880, and in 1881 he married Harriet Robson from Bletchingley in Surrey (born 1840). Their son Francis was born in 1882. In later years he lived at Lymington, where he died in 1896. He was buried in Lymington churchyar
8、dHis WorkIn 1853 he republished Tamerton Church Tower, the more successful of his pieces from Poems of 1844, adding several new poems which showed distinct advance, both in conception and treatment; and in the following year (1854) the first part of his best known poem, The Angel in the House appear
9、ed. The poemThe poem is in two main parts, but was originally published in four instalments. The Angel in the House ( 1854) The Espousals (1856) Faithful for Ever (1860) The Victories of Love (1862).The latter two instalments are effectively a separate poem, related to the main text.The poem The fir
10、st two instalments form a single coherent poem. It begins with a preface in which the poet, called Felix Vaughan in the book, tells his wife that he is going to write a long poem about her. The narrative then begins with an account of the poets youth when he meets Honoria Churchill, the woman who is
11、 to become his wife. It proceeds in a series of short lyrics, representing Felixs reflections on his beloved, and on the nature of ideal femininity. There are also lyrics written from the point of view of Honoria. These reflective and lyrical sections are set into a narrative of the growing relation
12、ship between the couple, the emergence of a rival suitor, Honorias cousin Frederick, who is rejected in favour of Felix, and the couples eventual marriage.The poemThe final two instalments, known together by the title The Victories of Love, are written mostly from the point of view of Frederick, the
13、 rejected suitor, who marries another woman, Jane, after his rejection by Honoria. Unlike the first part, this section is in the form of an epistolary novel(书信体书信体). Each poem is presented as a letter from one character to another. The initial letters, between Frederick and his mother, reveal that F
14、rederick admits to feeling dissatisfied with his wife, especially whenever he meets his first love and her husband. The poem describes his struggle to overcome these feelings and to concentrate all his love on his wife, who also expresses her own doubts in letters to her mother. The other characters
15、 express their anxieties and hopes about the relationship between Frederick and Jane. Honoria helps Jane by her own example, and in the end Frederick overcomes his doubts and feels complete devotion to his wife.Felix VaughanHonoria ChurchillJane FrederickSuitorRejectedThe poemFollowing the publicati
16、on of Patmores poem, the term angel in the house came to be used in reference to women who embodied the Victorian feminine ideal: a wife and mother who was selflessly devoted to her children and submissive to her husband. The poemExcerptsPrefaceThere does, beyond desert, befall(May my great fortune
17、make me great!)The first of themes, sung last of all.In green and undiscoverd ground,Yet near where many others singI have the very well-head foundWhence gushes the Pierian Spring.Then she: What is it, Dear? The LifeOf Arthur, or Jerusalems Fall?Neither: your gentle self, my Wife,And love, that grow
18、s from one to allExcerptsThe Wifes TragedyMan must be pleased; but him to pleaseIs womans pleasure; down the gulfOf his condoled necessitiesShe casts her best, she flings herself.How often flings for nought! and yokesHer heart to an icicle or whim,Whose each impatient word provokesAnother, not from
19、her, but him;While she, too gentle even to forceHis penitence by kind replies,Waits by, expecting his remorse,With pardon in her pitying eyes;ExcerptsJane to her motherMother, its such a weary strainThe way he has of treating meAs if twas something fine to beA woman; and appearing notTo notice any f
20、aults Ive got!CriticsLater feminist writers have had a less positive view of the Angel. Virginia Woolf satirized the ideal of femininity depicted in the poem, writing that She the perfect wife was intensely sympathetic. She was immensely charming. She was utterly unselfish. She excelled in the diffi
21、cult arts of family life. She sacrificed daily. If there was a chicken, she took the leg; if there was a draught she sat in it . Above all, she was pure. She added that she bothered me and wasted my time and so tormented me that at last I killed her . Nel Noddings views her as infantile, weak and mi
22、ndless .Similarly, Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote a short essay entitled The Extinct Angel in which she described the angel in the house as being as dead as the dodo(渡渡鸟,已灭绝).Some Typical Images in Literature worksThe Awakening by Kate ChopinCharacter: Adle RatignolleImages: She is an almost unthink
23、ingly self-sacrificing mother-woman (as Chopin describes her). The traditional ideal of late-1800s femininity, she is also a warm and generous presence. As Edna(the main character) struggles with her place in the home and society at large, Adle reminds her to think of her children and put them above
24、 all else, even herself.The Tenant of Wildfell Hallby Anne Bront Gilberts（the hero） mother, Mrs. Markham, holds that it is the husbands business to please himself, and hers the wifes to please him. The portrayal of Helen(the heroine), courageous and independent, in contrast, emphasises her capacity
25、for autonomy(自立) rather than submitting to male authority, and the corrective role of women in relation to men. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall is thus considered by most of the critics a feminist novel which also is against the image of the Angel.摘自：百度百科摘自：百度百科小说内容简介：19世纪维多利亚时期,在英国女性文学仍以塑造优雅、纯真、温柔顺从的“家
26、庭天使”般的理想女性为已任时,安妮勃朗特却在其小说维尔德费尔庄园的主人中塑造出一位敢于反抗男权,追求独立生活的颇具20世纪女权主义者风范的女主人公海伦。小说维尔德费尔庄园的主人中的女主人公海伦不甘忍受丈夫的放荡与残暴,毅然离家,带着儿子远走他乡,去寻求独立自主的新生活。在19世纪中叶的英国,妻子和孩子完全是丈夫的私人财产,妻子的命运被牢牢地控制在丈夫手中,此书对当时的社会传统和法律制度给予了直接、猛烈的抨击。书中表现出要求男女平等的女权主义思想,被誉为女权主义文学的最早宣言。The Return of the Native by Thomas HardyCharacter：Thomasin Images: She is a young girl of gentle ways and conventional expectations. She never resist anything, and took things as they are. In Hardys original manuscript, Wildeve (her first husband) tricks her with a false marriage in order to seduce her. Thank You
