《英语语法讲解省略及替代》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语语法讲解省略及替代(40页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、省略及替代省略及替代无论在口语中还是在书面语中,无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常将句子中的某些成分略去,常常将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略。纵观历年高这种现象称为省略。纵观历年高考试题,考试题,“省略省略”在单项填空中在单项填空中频频出现。频频出现。一、考查不定式结构中的省略一、考查不定式结构中的省略1.在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话中,在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话中,为了避免重复,作宾语或补足语的不定为了避免重复,作宾语或补足语的不定式再次出现时,不定式符号式再次出现时,不定式符号to后面的内后面的内容常常被省略,容常常被省略,
2、只保留不定式符号只保留不定式符号to。常用于动词常用于动词refuse,wouldlike,wish,want,hope,expect,intend,plan等和等和形容词形容词afraid,happy,glad,willing,ready等以及等以及begoing,need,have,used,ought等之后。等之后。原题再现原题再现HaveyoubeentoNewZealand?No,Idliketo,_.(2005山东山东卷)卷)A.too B.though C.yetD.eitherWhydidntyoubuythecamerayouhadlongedfor?Ihadplannedt
3、o,butIwas50_.(2005福建卷)福建卷)A.fewerB.lessC.cheapD.shortWouldyouliketogototheGrandTheatrewithmetonight?_.(1997上海卷)上海卷)A.Yes,IdliketogototheGrandTheatreB.Idliketo,butIhaveanexamtomorrowC.No,IwontD.ThatsrightTheboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.(NMET1995)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD
4、.donottoIllbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookaftermycat?Notatall._.(NMET1995)A.IvenotimeB.IdrathernotC.IdlikeitD.Idbehappyto注意:注意:如果承前省略的不定式内容如果承前省略的不定式内容有有be或助动词或助动词have时,不定式符时,不定式符号号to后要保留后要保留be或或have。如:。如:1.Areyouafarmer?No,butIusedtobe.2.Aliceisnotwhatsheusedtobe.3.Hedidntcome,butheoughttoha
5、ve.一、考查不定式结构中的省略一、考查不定式结构中的省略2.动词不定式符号动词不定式符号to的省略的省略主语部分有实意动词主语部分有实意动词do的任何形式,的任何形式,is/was之后是不定式作的表语解释之后是不定式作的表语解释do的内容的内容Theonlythingyouhavetodois(to)pressthebutton.作介词作介词but/except/besides的宾语,的宾语,介词前有实意动词介词前有实意动词do时时Tomhasnothingtodobutanswerletters.一、考查不定式结构中的省略一、考查不定式结构中的省略当两个或多个不定式并列时后面的不当两个或多
6、个不定式并列时后面的不定式符号定式符号to可以省,但有对比关系时不可以省,但有对比关系时不能省能省Itseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.不定式在不定式在see/watch/notice/hear/listento/lookat/feel/have/make/let/observe等有作宾语补足语时等有作宾语补足语时(5)“whydosth.?”结构中不定式不带结构中不定式不带to二、考查省略替代二、考查省略替代用用it,one,that替代句子中重复出现的替代句子中重复出现的名词、代词或句子;名词、代词或句子;用用so,neither/nor引起的分句,表示
7、引起的分句,表示前面的情况也适用于后者。前面的情况也适用于后者。原题再现原题再现IpreferaflatinInvernessto_inPerth,becauseIwanttolivenearmyMums.(2005天天津卷)津卷)A.one B.that C.itD.thisMaryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening,_.(2005全全国卷国卷)A.sodoesJohnB.JohndoessoC.JohndoesnttooD.nordoesJohnImmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan
8、_inthecity.(2005江苏卷)江苏卷)A.onesB.oneC.thatD.thoseWeneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermade_fromsomewoodwehad.(NMET2004)A.itB.oneC.himselfD.anotherIwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!_.(NMET2004)A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoIIwillneverknowwhatwasonhismindatthetime,no
9、rwill_.(2004江苏卷)江苏卷)A.anyoneB.anyoneelseC.nooneD.nooneelse三、考查答语中的省略三、考查答语中的省略1.有时可用有时可用so或或not作替代语,替代作替代语,替代前面已表达过的意思,以避免重复前面已表达过的意思,以避免重复前面所说的内容。可用于动词前面所说的内容。可用于动词think,believe,hope,suppose,expect,guess,imagine以及以及beafraid,ofcourse,certainly,perhaps,why等等后面。后面。原题再现原题再现Letsgotoamovieafterwork,OK?_.
10、(2005山东卷)山东卷)A.Notatall.B.Whynot?C.Nevermind.D.Whatofit?Father,youpromised!Well,_.Butitwasyouwhodidntkeepyourwordfirst.(2005湖北卷)湖北卷)A.sowasIB.sodidIC.soIwasD.soIdidWell,Idothinktherabbitisabeautiful,gentleanimalwhichcanrunveryfast._.(2005辽宁卷)辽宁卷)A.SoitisB.SoisitC.SodoesitD.SoitdoesIftheweatherisfine
11、,wellgo.If_,_.A.not,not B.no,noC.not,no D.no,notYouhaventlosttheticket,haveyou?_.Iknowitsnoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.(2004江苏卷)江苏卷)A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,ImafraidsoJackisastudentandstudiesattheNo.1MiddleSchool._.A.ItisthesameasMaryB.SoisMaryC.SodoesMaryD.SoitiswithMary=Itisthesamew
12、ithMary._三、考查答语中的省略三、考查答语中的省略2.含有情态动词的答语中可以使用省含有情态动词的答语中可以使用省略回答,只保留情态动词;情态动词略回答,只保留情态动词;情态动词后有后有be或作助动词的或作助动词的have时,保留时,保留be或或have。 Lucydoesntmindlendingyouherdictionary.She_.Ivealreadyborrowedone.(2005湖南卷)湖南卷)A.cantB.mustntC.neednt D.shouldntIdontmindtellingyouwhatIknow.You_.Imnotaskingyouforit.(2
13、004江苏卷)江苏卷)A.mustnt B.maynotC.cantD.needntExcuseme.IsthistherightwaytotheSummerPalace?Sorry,Iamnotsure.Butit_be.(2004湖北卷)湖北卷)A.mightB.willC.mustD.can三、三、考查答语中的省略考查答语中的省略3.疑问句中的省略回答疑问句中的省略回答原题再现原题再现Susan,goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.Why_?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.(NMET2003)A.him B.heC.I D.
14、meWhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?_herbicycle.(1997上海上海卷)卷)A.Asshelost B.LostC.LosingD.BecauseoflosingDoyoumindifIopenthewindow?_Ifeelabitcold.(2004广广东卷)东卷)A.Ofcoursenot.B.Idratheryoudidnt.C.Goahead.D.Whynot?三、三、考查答语中的省略考查答语中的省略4.祈使句中的省略回答祈使句中的省略回答原题再现原题再现Writetomewhenyougethome._.(2001北京春季卷)北京春季卷)A.I
15、mustB.IshouldC.IwillD.Ican四、考查并列句中的省略四、考查并列句中的省略两个并列分句中,后一个分句常省略两个并列分句中,后一个分句常省略与前一个分句中相同的部分与前一个分句中相同的部分。原题再现原题再现Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and_.(2000北京春季卷)北京春季卷)A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhite D.anotheriswhiteInsomewesterncountries,thericharebecomingricher,and_.A.th
16、epoorthepoorB.poorpoorC.thepoorpoorerD.poorerthepoor五、考查状语从句中的省略五、考查状语从句中的省略1.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或者是者是it,从句中谓语动词又含有,从句中谓语动词又含有be的的某一种形式时,可以省略从句中的主某一种形式时,可以省略从句中的主语和语和be。原题再现原题再现When_help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“Itsverykindofyou.”(2005福建卷)福建卷)A.offeringB.to
17、offerC.tobeofferedD.offeredImsurethatLauraslatestplay,_staged,willproveagreatsuccess.(2005上海春季卷)上海春季卷)A.sinceB.unlessC.onceD.untilWhenfirst_tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(NMET2004)A.introducing B.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced_withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnots
18、eembigatall.(2004湖湖北卷)北卷)A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.WhencomparedTheresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(NMET2002)A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begunThough_money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.(2002上海卷)上海卷)A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin五、考查状语从句中的省略五、考
19、查状语从句中的省略2.在比较状语从句中,常在在比较状语从句中,常在as或或than引导的分句中省略某些与主句相同的引导的分句中省略某些与主句相同的成分,有时甚至省略整个成分,有时甚至省略整个as/than从从句。句。原题再现原题再现HespeaksEnglishwellindeed,butofcoursenot_anativespeaker.(2004上海卷)上海卷)A.asfluentas B.morefluentthanC.sofluentlyasD.muchfluentlythanJohnplaysfootball_,ifnotbetterthanDavid.(NMET1994)A.as
20、wellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellasMybrotherJoegotfiredfornevercomingtoworkontime,buthesoonfoundanotherjobthatpaid_.A.twiceasmuchasB.astwicemuchasC.astwicemuchD.twiceasmuch六、考查虚拟条件句中的省略六、考查虚拟条件句中的省略如果在条件句中含有如果在条件句中含有were/had/should,可将可将if省略,然后将省略,然后将were/had/should移至主语之前,构成省移至主语之前,构成省略倒装句略倒装句。原题再现原题再现_
21、itraintomorrow,youwouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.(1994上上海卷)海卷)A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will陷阱题1.WhatshouldIdowiththispassage?_themainideaofeachparagraph.(2005重庆卷)重庆卷)A.Findingout B.FoundoutC.FindoutD.Tofindout2.Whatmadeherstruggletobecomeanartistsohard?_shewasawoman.A./B.WhenC.ThatD.What3.
22、Whohaseatenallthecake,Jim?Oh,_mustbeyourtwopetdogs.A.it B.theyC.thatD.which4.Ifyouareplanningtospendyourmoneyhavingfunthisweek,better_ityouvegotsomebigbillscoming.A.forgetB.forgotC.forgettingD.toforget5.WhatmadeJacksoupset?Ibelieve_thegame.Itshockedhimsomuch.A.forlosingB.lostC.losingD.becauseoflosing6.MyfriendMaryis_beautifulgirland_girleveryonelikestoworkwith.A.a,aB.a,theC.the,aD.the,the