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1、SDU. LIZHENHUAUpper Limb 上肢上肢山东大学医学院山东大学医学院 解剖教研室解剖教研室李振华李振华SDU. LIZHENHUAParts and regions of upper limb nShoulder 肩肩junction of arm and trunk nArm 臂臂between should and elbownElbow 肘肘bend of arm, joint between arm and forearmnForearm 前臂前臂between elbow and handnWrist 腕腕nHand 手手SDU. LIZHENHUALandmark
2、s of upper limbnShoulder regionqClavicle 锁骨锁骨qAcromion 肩峰肩峰qSpine of scapula 肩胛冈肩胛冈qCoracoid process 喙突喙突qGreater tubercle 大结节大结节qAnterior and posterior axillary folds 腋前、后襞腋前、后襞 nArmqMedial and lateral biceps brachii furrow 肱二头肌内、外侧沟肱二头肌内、外侧沟qDeltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆三角肌粗隆 nElbowqMedial and lateral
3、epicondyles of humerus 肱骨内、外上髁肱骨内、外上髁qHead of radius 桡骨头桡骨头qOlecranon 鹰嘴鹰嘴qTendon of biceps brachii 肱二头肌腱肱二头肌腱nWrist and handqStyloid process of radius 桡骨茎突桡骨茎突qHead of ulna 尺骨头尺骨头qStyloid process of ulna 尺骨茎突尺骨茎突qProximal wrist crease 腕近侧纹腕近侧纹qMiddle wrist crease 腕中纹腕中纹qDistal wrist crease 腕远侧纹腕远侧纹
4、qTendon of palmaris 掌长肌腱掌长肌腱qTendon of flexor carpi radius 桡侧腕屈肌腱桡侧腕屈肌腱 qTendon of flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌腱尺侧腕屈肌腱qTendons of extensor digitorum 指伸肌腱指伸肌腱qCenter of palmar 掌心掌心qThenar 鱼际鱼际qHypothenar 小鱼际小鱼际SDU. LIZHENHUALandmarks of upper limbAnatomical “snuff box” 鼻烟壶鼻烟壶 n境界境界q桡侧界:拇长展肌腱、拇短伸肌腱尺侧界:拇
5、长伸肌腱q近侧界:桡骨茎突q窝底:手舟骨和大多角骨n窝内通过结构窝内通过结构:桡动脉n舟骨骨折时,“鼻烟壶”可因肿胀而消失,且可有压痛SDU. LIZHENHUAAnatomical “snuff box”SDU. LIZHENHUALandmarks of upper limbn肩峰、肱骨大结节和喙突之间形成一个等腰三角形n当肩关节脱位时,这种正常比例关系即发生改变 SDU. LIZHENHUALandmarks of upper limbPosterior cubital triangle 肘后三角肘后三角 n肘关节屈成直角时,肱骨内、外上髁和尺骨鹰嘴之间形成一个等腰三角形。n肘关节伸直时
6、,肱骨内、外上髁与尺骨鹰嘴位于同一条直线上。n当肘关节脱位时,此三点的比例关系发生改变。 SDU. LIZHENHUALandmarks of upper limbLateral cubital triangle 肘外侧三角肘外侧三角n屈肘900,从桡侧面观查,桡骨头、外上髁与鹰嘴之间形成一等腰三角形,其尖指向前方 n其中心点为肘关节穿刺进针点 SDU. LIZHENHUACarring angle 提携角提携角100150臂轴与前臂轴在肘部相交,构成一个向外开放的角,约为16501700,其补角为100150,称为提携角。 u150 肘外翻u00 肘内翻u00100 直肘SDU. LIZHE
7、NHUASurface projectionsnAxillary a. and brachial a. 腋动脉和肱动脉腋动脉和肱动脉q上肢呈外展90,掌心向上,从锁骨中点至肘前横纹中点远侧2cm处的连线,为腋动脉和肱动脉的体表投影,两者以大圆肌下缘为界 SDU. LIZHENHUASurface projectionsnRadial a. and ulnar a. 桡动脉和尺动脉桡动脉和尺动脉q肘前横纹中点远侧2cm处至桡骨茎突前方的连线为桡动脉的投影,至豌豆骨桡侧的连线为尺动脉的投影 SDU. LIZHENHUASurface projectionsnMedian n. 正中神经正中神经q在
8、臂部与肱动脉一致,在前臂位于从肱骨内上髁与肱二头肌连线中点,向下至腕前部横纹中点稍外的连线上。 nUlnar n. 尺神经尺神经q自腋窝顶,经肱骨内上髁与尺骨鹰嘴间,至豌豆骨桡侧的连线上。 nRadial n. 桡神经桡神经q自腋后襞下缘外侧端与臂交点处,向下斜行过肱骨后方,至肱骨外上髁的斜行连线。 SDU. LIZHENHUASuperficial veins of the upper limb Cephalic vein 头静脉头静脉n起于手背静脉网的桡侧,在前臂上半部从背面转至前面n在臂前区行于肱二头肌外侧沟内n经三角肌胸大肌间沟,穿锁胸筋膜注入腋静脉或锁骨下静脉 SDU. LIZHEN
9、HUASuperficial veins of the upper limb Basilic vein 贵要静脉贵要静脉n起于手背静脉网的尺侧,在前臂尺侧由背面转向前面n在臂前区行于肱二头肌内侧缘下部,在臂中份穿深筋膜注入肱静脉或腋静脉 SDU. LIZHENHUASuperficial veins of the upper limb Median cubital vein 肘正中静脉肘正中静脉n连接头静脉与贵要静脉n在肘窝中部与深静脉之间有交通支n因此该静脉位置比较固定,临床上常经此穿刺 SDU. LIZHENHUAShoulder 肩部肩部n分区分区q腋区q三角肌区q肩胛区SDU. LIZ
10、HENHUAAxillary region 腋区腋区Axillray fossa 腋窝腋窝 n位于臂上部与胸上部之间 ,呈锥体形的腔n由一顶、一底和四壁围成 SDU. LIZHENHUA Axillary fossa 腋窝腋窝n顶:由锁骨中1/3、第一肋外缘和肩胛骨上缘围成,是腋窝的上口,向上通颈根部n底:由皮肤、浅筋膜和腋筋膜共同构成。 SDU. LIZHENHUA Axillary fossa 腋窝腋窝n前壁前壁:由胸大肌、胸小肌、锁骨下肌和锁胸筋膜构成q锁胸筋膜锁胸筋膜 clavipectoral fascia n位置:位于喙突、锁骨下肌和胸小肌上缘之间的深筋膜n穿过结构:头静脉、胸肩峰
11、血管和胸外侧神经SDU. LIZHENHUA Axillary fossa 腋窝腋窝n后壁后壁:由背阔肌、大圆肌、肩胛下肌和肩胛骨构成nTrilateral foramina 三边孔三边孔q境界境界n上界: 小圆肌和 肩胛下肌n下界: 大圆肌n外侧界:肱三头肌长头q通过结构通过结构:旋肩胛动、静脉nQuadrilateral foramina 四边孔四边孔q境界境界n上界: 小圆肌和 肩胛下肌n下界: 大圆肌n内侧界:肱三头肌长头n外侧界:肱骨外科颈q通过结构通过结构:腋神经和旋肱后血管SDU. LIZHENHUA Axillary fossa 腋窝腋窝n内侧壁内侧壁q前锯肌、上位4肋骨及肋间
12、肌n外侧壁外侧壁q肱骨结节间沟、肱二头肌长、短头和喙肱肌Biceps brachii (long head)Biceps brachii (short head)CoracobrachialisSDU. LIZHENHUA Axillary fossa 腋窝腋窝n腋窝的内容腋窝的内容q臂丛及其分支q腋动脉及其分支q腋静脉及其属支q腋淋巴结q疏松结缔组织SDU. LIZHENHUA Axillary artery 腋动脉腋动脉n自第1肋外缘接续锁骨下动脉,至大圆肌和背阔肌的下缘延续为肱动脉n腋动脉的前方被胸小肌覆盖,以其为界分为三段 SDU. LIZHENHUA Axillary artery
13、腋动脉腋动脉分支分支 n第一段第一段qSuperior thoracic a. 胸上动脉n第二段第二段 qThoracoacromial a. 胸肩峰动脉qLateral thoracic a. 胸外侧动脉n第三段第三段qAnterior humeral circumflex a. 旋肱前动脉qPosterior humeral circumflex a. 旋肱后动脉qSubscapular a.肩胛下动脉nThrocodorsal a. 胸背动脉 nCircumflex scapular a. 旋肩胛动脉SDU. LIZHENHUAAxillary vein 腋静脉腋静脉n位于腋动脉内侧,两
14、者之间有臂丛内侧束、尺神经及前臂内侧皮神经等,内侧有臂内侧皮神经 SDU. LIZHENHUABrachial plexus 臂丛臂丛n构成构成q5根: C5-C8 、T1 脊神经前根q3干 (上、中、下)q6股q三束n外侧束n内侧束n后束C5C6C7C8T1SDU. LIZHENHUABrachial plexus 臂丛臂丛位置位置q在腋动脉的第一段,3束都位于其后外侧q在腋动脉的第二段,3束相应的位于腋动脉的内侧、外侧和后方q在腋动脉的第三段周围为臂丛各束发出的分支 SDU. LIZHENHUABrachial plexus 臂丛臂丛锁骨上部的分支锁骨上部的分支 nLong thoraci
15、c n. 胸长神经胸长神经q在臂丛各束的后方下行入腋窝,与胸外侧动脉伴行,在腋中线后方行于前锯肌表面,并支配该肌 Winged scapula翼状肩翼状肩SDU. LIZHENHUABrachial plexus 臂丛臂丛锁骨下部主要分支锁骨下部主要分支 n外侧束外侧束 qMusculocutaneous n. 肌皮神经qLateral root of median n. 正中神经外侧根n内侧束内侧束 qMedial root of median n. 正中神经内侧根qUlnar n. 尺神经qMedial brachial cutaneous n. 臂内侧皮神经qMedial antebra
16、chial cutaneous n. 前臂内侧皮神经n后束后束qRadial n. 桡神经qAxillary n. 腋神经qThoracodorsal n. 胸背神经:与胸背动脉伴行,支配背阔肌qSubscapular n. 肩胛下神经 SDU. LIZHENHUAMain branches of posterior cordAxillary n. 腋神经腋神经Radial n. 桡神经桡神经Thoracodorsal n.胸背神经胸背神经SDU. LIZHENHUABrachial plexus 臂丛臂丛Axillary 腋神经腋神经 n起源起源: 臂丛后束n行程行程: 与旋肱后血管伴行,穿
17、四边孔 n分布分布: 三角肌、小圆肌、肩关节三角肌表面及臂上部皮肤n损伤损伤: 方肩SDU. LIZHENHUA Axillary lymph nodes 腋淋巴结腋淋巴结 n在疏松结缔组织内,分5群 SDU. LIZHENHUA Axillary lymph nodes 腋淋巴结腋淋巴结 Lateral lymph nodes 外侧淋巴结外侧淋巴结n沿腋静脉远端排列n收纳上肢的淋巴n其输出管注入中央淋巴结和尖淋巴结,少数注入锁骨上淋巴结n手和前臂的感染首先侵入此群淋巴结SDU. LIZHENHUA Axillary lymph nodes 腋淋巴结腋淋巴结 Pectoral lymph no
18、des 胸肌淋巴结胸肌淋巴结n在胸小肌下缘,沿胸外侧血管排列n收纳胸前外侧壁、脐以上腹壁、乳房外侧部和中央部的淋巴管n其输出管注入中央淋巴结和尖淋巴结 SDU. LIZHENHUA Axillary lymph nodes 腋淋巴结腋淋巴结 Subscapular lymph node 肩胛下淋巴结肩胛下淋巴结n位于腋窝后壁n沿肩胛下血管排列n收纳肩胛区、胸后壁和背部的淋巴管n其输出管注入中央淋巴结和尖淋巴结 SDU. LIZHENHUA Axillary lymph nodes 腋淋巴结腋淋巴结 Central lymph node 中央淋巴结中央淋巴结n位于腋窝底的脂肪组织中n收纳上述3群
19、淋巴结的输出管n其输出管注入尖淋巴结 SDU. LIZHENHUA Axillary lymph nodes 腋淋巴结腋淋巴结 Apical lymph node 尖淋巴结尖淋巴结n沿腋静脉近端排列n收纳中央群及其他各群淋巴结的输出管以及乳房上部的淋巴管n其输出管合成锁骨下干,左侧注入胸导管,右侧注入右淋巴导管 SDU. LIZHENHUA Axillary lymph nodes 腋淋巴结腋淋巴结 Lateral ln. 外侧淋巴结Pectoral ln. 胸肌淋巴结Subscapular ln. 肩胛下淋巴结Central ln. 中央淋巴结Apical ln. 尖淋巴结Subclavia
20、n trunk 锁骨下干SDU. LIZHENHUALymphatic drainage of breastn乳房外侧部和中央部的淋巴管注入胸肌淋巴结n乳房上部的淋巴管注入尖淋巴结和锁骨上淋巴结n乳房内侧部淋巴管注入胸骨旁淋巴结n乳房深部的淋巴管注入胸肌间淋巴结n内侧部的浅淋巴管与对侧乳房的淋巴管相交通n乳房内下部的淋巴管通过腹壁和膈下的淋巴管与肝淋巴管交通SDU. LIZHENHUAAxillary fossa 腋窝腋窝Axillary sheath 腋鞘腋鞘n颈部深筋膜深层延续至腋窝,包裹腋动、静脉和臂丛锁骨下部所形成的筋膜鞘 SDU. LIZHENHUAAnterior brachial
21、 region 臂前区臂前区SDU. LIZHENHUAAnterior brachial region 臂前区臂前区n臂筋膜:前部较后部薄,在臂肌的前、后群之间向深方发出臂内、外侧肌间隔n臂前、后骨筋膜鞘 SDU. LIZHENHUAContents of anterior osseofascial compartment of the armnMuscles:qbiceps brachii 肱二头肌肱二头肌qCoracobrachialis 喙肱肌喙肱肌qBrachialis 肱肌肱肌nBlood supply: qbrachial artery 肱动脉肱动脉nNerve supply t
22、o the muscles: qmusculocutaneous nerve 肌皮神经肌皮神经nStructures passing through the compartment: qmusculocutaneous nerve 肌皮神经肌皮神经qmedian nerve 正中神经正中神经qulnar nerve 尺神经尺神经qbrachial artery 肱动脉肱动脉qmedial antebrachial cutaneous nerve 前臂内侧皮神经前臂内侧皮神经SDU. LIZHENHUAMuscles of anterior osseofascial sheath of the
23、armnBiceps brachii 肱二头肌肱二头肌 nCoracobrachialis 喙肱肌喙肱肌nBrachialis 肱肌肱肌SDU. LIZHENHUAAnterior brachial region 臂前区臂前区Brachial artery 肱动脉肱动脉n行程行程:q在大圆肌腱下缘续于腋动脉,沿肱二头肌内侧沟下行至肘窝q肱动脉在臂上份居肱骨内侧,中份居前内方,下份居前方。当压迫止血时,在臂上份、中份和下份应分别压向外侧、后外侧和后方n分支分支 q肱深动脉:与桡神经伴行 q尺侧上副动脉:与尺神经伴行 q尺侧下副动脉 SDU. LIZHENHUAAnterior brachial
24、region 臂前区臂前区 Musculocutaneous nerve 肌皮神经肌皮神经n在肱二头肌与肱肌之间行向外下方,行程中发出肌支支配臂肌前群n终末支自肱二头肌与肱肌之间穿出,移行为前臂外侧皮神经 SDU. LIZHENHUAAnterior brachial region 臂前区臂前区 Median nerve 正中神经正中神经n在臂上部, 行于肱动脉外侧n在臂中部, 斜过肱动脉前方至其内侧SDU. LIZHENHUAAnterior brachial region 臂前区臂前区Ulnar nerve 尺神经尺神经n在臂上部位于肱动脉的内侧n在臂中部,与尺侧上副动脉伴行n穿臂内侧肌间
25、隔至臂后区SDU. LIZHENHUALocating of the brachial artery, median nerve and ulnar nerve in the arm Medial view of armSDU. LIZHENHUA Cubital fossa 肘窝肘窝境界境界n上界上界:肱骨内、外上髁的连线n下外侧界下外侧界:肱桡肌n下内侧界下内侧界:旋前圆肌n顶顶:由浅入深为皮肤、浅筋膜、深筋膜及肱二头肌腱膜n底底:由肱肌、旋后肌和肘关节囊构成 SDU. LIZHENHUA Cubital fossa 肘窝肘窝内容内容(由内向外)n正中神经、肱动脉和伴行静脉、肱二头肌腱和桡
26、神经及其分支n肘深淋巴结:位于肱动脉分叉处 SDU. LIZHENHUACubital articular rete 肘关节网肘关节网n桡侧副动脉与桡侧返动脉吻合n中副动脉与骨间返动脉吻合n尺侧上副动脉、尺侧下副动脉后支与尺侧返动脉后支吻合n尺侧下副动脉前支与尺侧返动脉前支吻合SDU. LIZHENHUAAnterior antebrachial region 前臂前区前臂前区nMuscle (9)nBlood supply to the muscles: ulnar and radial arteries.nNerve supply to the muscles: median nerve
27、and ulnar nerveSDU. LIZHENHUAMuscles of anterior osseofascial sheath of the forearm浅层浅层nBrachioradialis 肱桡肌肱桡肌nPronator teres 旋前圆肌旋前圆肌nFlexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌桡侧腕屈肌nPalmaris longus 掌长肌掌长肌nFlexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌尺侧腕屈肌SDU. LIZHENHUAMuscles of anterior osseofascial sheath of the forearm第二层第二层 nFl
28、exor digitorum superficialis 指浅屈肌指浅屈肌第三层第三层nFlexor digitorum profundus 指深屈肌指深屈肌nFlexor pollicis longus 拇长屈肌拇长屈肌第四层第四层nPronator quadratus 旋前方肌旋前方肌SDU. LIZHENHUAAnterior antebrachial region前臂前区前臂前区Radial artery 桡动脉桡动脉n起源:起源:平桡骨颈起自肱动脉n行程行程: 行经肱桡肌内侧 n分支分支q桡侧返动脉q掌浅支SDU. LIZHENHUAAnterior antebrachial reg
29、ion 前臂前区前臂前区Ulnar artery 尺动脉尺动脉n行程行程q在前臂上1/3段,行于指浅屈肌深面,与尺神经相距较远q在下2/3段位于尺侧腕屈肌与指浅屈肌之间 n分支分支:q 尺侧返动脉q 骨间总动脉n骨间前动脉n骨间后动脉q掌深支SDU. LIZHENHUASDU. LIZHENHUAAnterior antebrachial region 前臂前区前臂前区Median 正中神经正中神经n行程行程q从旋前圆肌的两头之间穿出,进入指浅、深屈肌之间,沿前臂中线下行q在前臂下1/3段位置表浅,其外侧有桡侧腕屈肌腱,内侧有掌长肌腱 SDU. LIZHENHUAAnterior antebr
30、achial region 前臂前区前臂前区Ulnar nerve 尺神经尺神经 n行程:行程:q从尺侧腕屈肌两头之间进入前臂前区q在前臂的上半部被尺侧腕屈肌遮盖,与尺动、静脉相距较远q在前臂的下半部位于尺侧腕屈肌的桡侧,并与尺动、静脉伴行 SDU. LIZHENHUAAnterior antebrachial region 前臂前区前臂前区Superficial branch of the radial n.桡神经浅支桡神经浅支n行程行程q与桡动脉相伴行于肱桡肌的深面q至前臂远侧1/3段两者分开,桡神经浅支经肱桡肌腱深面转至前臂后区 SDU. LIZHENHUA1了解上肢的境界与分区2掌握上
31、肢的体表标志。了解上肢的对比关系、上肢的轴线及提携角。了解上肢动干和神经干的体表投影。了解肘后三角、肘外侧三角的构成及其临床意义。3掌握上肢浅静脉的起止、行程及其临床意义。4掌握腋窝的构成及内容。掌握腋动脉的分段及主要分支。了解腋动脉与臂丛的关系。掌握腋淋巴结的分群、各群的位置、收纳范围及流注关系。掌握三边孔和四边孔的构成及穿行结构。5了解腋鞘的构成及内容。6掌握腋神经的行程和易损伤的部位。7了解臂前区的深筋膜、骨筋膜鞘和肌肉的配布。8掌握肱动脉在臂部的主要分支;肱动脉、正中神经在臂部的行径及二者的关系。了解尺神经、桡神经在臂部的行径。9了解肘前浅静脉的吻合类型。10掌握肘窝的构成及其内容。了
32、解肘关节动脉网的构成。 11了解前臂前区的层次结构特点和肌肉的配布。12掌握桡血管神经束、尺血管神经束和正中血管神经神经束的构 成;了解其行径。 SDU. LIZHENHUASkin incisionsn自胸骨柄上缘沿前正中线向下作一纵行切口至剑突n自正中切口上端向外侧沿锁骨作横行切口至肩峰,沿臂外侧缘向下至臂部上、中1/3交界处再折转向内作横行切口至臂内侧缘SDU. LIZHENHUAPectoral Region 胸肌区胸肌区Superficial structures nSuperficial nn.qSupraclavicular n. 锁骨上神经锁骨上神经qAnterior cuta
33、neous branches of intercostal n. 肋间神经前皮支肋间神经前皮支 qlateral cutaneous branches of intercostal n. 肋间神经外侧皮支肋间神经外侧皮支 SDU. LIZHENHUACut and reflect the pectoralis majornClean the pectoralis major m. Indentify the deltopectoral groove and the cephalic vein, which drains blood into the axillary v.nThe pector
34、alis major m. forms the anterior axillary fold.nCut and partlly reflect the pectoralis major m. Close to its attachment to the clavicle. Look for the lateral pectoral n. on its underside.SDU. LIZHENHUADetach the pectoralis minornClean clavipectoral fascia. nIdentify and clean the thoracoacromial art
35、ery medial to the pectoralis minor.nNext, detach the pectoralis minor from the costal cartilages of ribs 3, 4, and 5, and reflect it toward the should.SDU. LIZHENHUAAxillary a. Thoracoacromial a. Musculocutaneous n.Median n.Medial antebrachial cutaneous n.Ulnar n.Medial brachial cutaneous n.Intercos
36、tobrachial n.Thoracodorsal n. & a.Long thoracic n. & lateral thoracic a.Lateral pectoral n.SDU. LIZHENHUAPosterior humeral circumflex a. & axillary n.Radial n.Circumflex scapular a.SDU. LIZHENHUAMusculocutaneous n.Median n.Medial brachial cutaneous n.Ulnar n.Medial antebrachial cutaneous n.Superior
37、ulnar coleteral a.Brachial a.SDU. LIZHENHUAMusculocutaneous n.Median n.Axillary a.Brachial a.Medial antebrachial cutaneous n.Medial brachial cutaneous n.Deep brachial a.Superior ulnar coleteral a.& Ulnar n.Inferior ulnar coleteral a.SDU. LIZHENHUAMuscolocutaneous n.Brachial a.Radial n.Radial recurre
38、nt a.Radial a.Median n.Ulnar recurrent a.Common interosseous a.Ulnar a., v. & n.SDU. LIZHENHUARadial recurrent a.Radial a.Radial n.Median n.Ulnar n.Ulnar a.Ulnar recurrent a.Ulnar n.Brachial a.SDU. LIZHENHUAPalmar aponeurosisSDU. LIZHENHUASuperficial palmar a.recurrent n. Ulnar a.SDU. LIZHENHUAYou m
39、ust identify follow structures!胸前区和腋区胸前区和腋区 nMuscles qPectoralis major 胸大肌胸大肌qPectoralis minor 胸小肌胸小肌qSerratus anterior 前锯肌前锯肌nArteries and veinsqAxillary artery 腋动脉腋动脉qthoracoacromial a. 胸肩峰动脉胸肩峰动脉qlateral thoracic a. 胸外侧动脉胸外侧动脉qsubscapular a. 肩胛下动脉肩胛下动脉qThrocodorsal a. 胸背动脉胸背动脉qCircumflex scapular
40、 a. 旋肩胛动脉旋肩胛动脉qPosterior humeral circumflex a. 旋肱后动脉旋肱后动脉qAxillary vein 腋静脉腋静脉nNerves qLong thoracic n. 胸长神经胸长神经qLateral cord 臂丛外侧束臂丛外侧束qmusculocutaneous n. 肌皮神经肌皮神经qlateral root of median n. 正中神经外侧根正中神经外侧根qMedial cord 臂丛内侧束臂丛内侧束qMedial root of median n. 正中神经内侧根正中神经内侧根qUlnar n. 尺神经尺神经qPosterior cord
41、 臂丛后束臂丛后束qRadial n. 桡神经桡神经qAxillary n. 腋神经腋神经qThoracodorsal n. 胸背神经胸背神经 SDU. LIZHENHUAYou must identify follow structures!nSuperficial vv.qCephalic v. 头静脉头静脉qBasilic v. 贵要静脉贵要静脉qMedian cubital v. 肘正中静脉肘正中静脉n臂前区臂前区qBiceps brachii 肱二头肌肱二头肌qCoracobrachilis 喙肱肌喙肱肌 qBracialis 肱肌肱肌qMusculocutaneous n. 肌皮神
42、经肌皮神经qMedian n. 正中神经正中神经qUlnar n. 尺神经尺神经qBrachial a. 肱动脉肱动脉qProfunda brachii a. 肱深动脉肱深动脉n前臂前区前臂前区qBrachioradialis 肱桡肌肱桡肌qPronator teres 旋前圆肌旋前圆肌qFlexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌桡侧腕屈肌qPalmaris longus 掌长肌掌长肌qFlexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌尺侧腕屈肌qFlexor digitorum superficialis 指浅屈肌指浅屈肌qFlexor digitorum profundus 指深屈肌指深屈肌qFlexor pollicis longus 拇长屈肌拇长屈肌qPronator quadratus 旋前方肌旋前方肌qUlnar n. 尺神经尺神经qSuperficial branch of radial n. 桡神经浅支桡神经浅支qMedian n. 正中神经正中神经qUlnar a. 尺动脉尺动脉qRadial a. 桡动脉桡动脉