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1、Grammar and usageGrammar and usageNon-restrictive attributive clauses非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句定语从句分为限制性定语从句(restrictive )和非限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)两种。限制性定语两种。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词从句紧跟先行词,与先行词之间一般与先行词之间一般不加逗号；非限制性定语从句与主不加逗号；非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。句之间通常用逗号分开。Differences between the restrictive an
2、d non-restrictive attributive clauses. 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分是先行词不可缺少的部分,如果去掉如果去掉它，主句意思往往不明确。它，主句意思往往不明确。 非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明充或说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。意思。Compare:TheaccidenthappenedonMarch1,2006,whichwasmy18thbirthday.TheaccidenthappenedonthedaywhenIlostmyjob.O
3、neherdsman,wholooksafter800sleepatmost,earns650yuanayear.Theherdsmanyoumetyesterdayearns650yuanayear.翻译方式不同翻译方式不同,表达的意义也有差别表达的意义也有差别.限制性定语从句往往翻译在先行词前限制性定语从句往往翻译在先行词前,而非限制性定语从句可翻译成一个并而非限制性定语从句可翻译成一个并列的分句列的分句.1) I have a sister who / that works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2) I have a sist
4、er, who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。不只一位姐姐不只一位姐姐只有一位姐姐只有一位姐姐3. The magazines here which / that have nice pictures in them were written by him. 里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。4. The magazines here, which have nice pictures in them, were written by him. 所有的杂志都是他写的所有的杂志都是他写的, 里面都
5、有漂亮里面都有漂亮的图画。的图画。杂志有两类以上杂志有两类以上杂志只有一类杂志只有一类关系代词的区别关系代词的区别:非限制性定语从句不可用非限制性定语从句不可用that引导引导,其其它的和限制性定语从句一样它的和限制性定语从句一样1.Shesanganewsong,whichwelikedverymuch.2.Thisisthehouse(which/that)weboughtlastmonth.3.Intheolddays,whenIwasalittleboy,thecityhadnoindustry.4.TheywillflytoKunming,wheretheyplantostaytwo
6、orthreedays.在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中,which不仅可指代不仅可指代前面主句中的先行词前面主句中的先行词,还可指代整个句子还可指代整个句子.限制性定语从句可以由关系代词限制性定语从句可以由关系代词,关系副词关系副词来引导，通常只用来修饰前面主句中的先来引导，通常只用来修饰前面主句中的先行词，并且关系代词作从句宾语时可以省行词，并且关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。略。1)HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.2)Iboughtacaryesterday,whichcostmealot.3)Thele
7、sson(which/that)westudiedyesterdaywashardtounderstand.4)Youcantakeanybookwhich/thatinterestsyoubest.1. The famous basketball star, _ comes from America, will visit our school soon.2. In those days, she used to go to Mr black,with _ she had a wonderful time.3. John said hed been working in the office
8、 for an hour, _ was true.whichwhomwho Practice4. Xian, _I visited last year, is a nice old city.5. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy.6. The school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.whichwherewhen 1.as 和和 which引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句,代表代表整个主句的内容整个主句的内容,在从句中作主语宾语和表在从句中作主语
9、宾语和表语语.非限制性定语从句位于句末时非限制性定语从句位于句末时,二者一般二者一般可以互用可以互用(但选用但选用which更好更好).2.as引导从句也可置于主句前或句中引导从句也可置于主句前或句中,常常与与see,know,guess,expect等动词搭配等动词搭配,表示表示“正如正如-”，which与主句带有一种因与主句带有一种因果关系果关系1)Sheisateacher,_isclearfromhermanner.2) David,_youknow,isateacher.3)_wehavelearned,theoceancoversover70%oftheearthssurface.
10、4)Bambooishollow,_makesitverylight.as/whichasAswhich5)Heinvitedmetodinner,_mademeveryhappy.6)Sherefusedtotakethemedicine,_madehermotherangry.A.thatB.andwhichC.thisD.anditwhichD. all / some/ of + whom / which引导非引导非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句Example:1.He has told us many stories, all of which are about the famous
11、Long Match.2. The students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan, went camping yesterday.ofwhichall1. Many students in this school, some of which are not overweight, are going on diets.2. There are 54 students in my class and ten of whom come from US.whomCorrection:them3. Half a million pairs of
12、shoes are produced by the workers here every year, 80% of whom are sold abroad. 4. I have many friends in this town, some of which are businessman. 5. I am doing different types of exercises, all of them are quite helpful to my health.whichwhich 或或 all 前加前加andwhom1. This is one of the most interesti
13、ng films _ shown last week. This is the very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that wereBDComparisonComparison2. He has two sons, _ are college students. He has two sons, and _ are college students. A. both of which B. both of whomC. both
14、of them D. both of itCBPractice timePractice time1.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which2. The English play, _ my students acted at the New Years party ,was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in
15、 which D. on which3. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that4. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. when B. which C. what D. that5. The British are not so f
16、amiliar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _is often the case in other countries. A. it B. that C. as D .so6. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose7. Mr. Smith will move into his n
17、ew house next Sunday, _ it will be completely finished. A. by the time B. on that time C. on which D. by which time8. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, _ leading actor is world-famous? A .its B .its C. whose D. which9. Is there a department store around _ I can get a birthday present for my daughter? Yes, just across the street. A. here B which C. where D. it10. Jiuzhaigou Valley is a most famous place of interest,_ I will never forget in my life. A. it B. that C. one D. what
