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1、初中定语从句讲解定定边边三三中中 执教者：蔡秉银执教者：蔡秉银1.The man is a worker.2.The man is speaking at the meeting.合并句子合并句子: :The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.Mary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Mary is a girl who has long hair.A matching game！Match the two sentences into one sentence.1.Im read
2、ing a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the woman. She is smoking._4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the woma
3、n who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?什么是定语从句呢？什么是定语从句呢？在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。的从句叫定语从句。结构：结构：先行词先行词+关系词关系词+句子句子Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.先行词先行词_关系词关系词_定语从句定语从句关系词关系词关系代词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词关系副词:when,where,why关系代词：关系代词：指物：指物：thatwhich指
4、人：指人：who(主主/宾格宾格)thatwhom（宾格）（宾格） 关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤 :v 首先，要看先行词。首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人如果先行词是指人,关系代词关系代词 可用可用 who,that,whom,whose；如果先行词指物如果先行词指物,关系关系 代词可用代词可用which，that或或whose。v 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词先行词主格主格宾格宾格所有格所有格人人Whothatwho(m)thatwhose物物WhichthatWhichthatWhoseofwhich关系代词关系代词t
5、hat,which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示物的是表示物的名词或代词名词或代词，关系，关系代词应用代词应用that、which.(作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)Thisisadream.Thedreamwillnevercometrue.Thisisadreamwhich/thatwillnevercometrue.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.Thedogwhichwaslosthasbeenfound.Practise:1.Thisisthehousewhichisforsale.2.Thebookwhichislyingont
6、hefloorismine.which/that作主语作主语.(不能省不能省)（作主语）（作主语）which/that作宾语作宾语：（可省略）可省略）Thisisthecard.Ivejustreceivedthecard.Thisisthecardwhich/thatIvejustreceived.Practice:1.Thisisthemistakewhich/thatIalwaysmake.2.Istillkeeptheletterswhichshewrotetome.3.Ilostthepenwhichmyfatherboughtme.（作宾语）（作宾语）关系代词关系代词who,tha
7、t,whom引导的定语从引导的定语从句句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示人的名词或代词，是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用关系代词应用who,that(作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)whom(作作宾语宾语)who/that作主语作主语.(不能省不能省)Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主语作主语)1.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledRoy.2.Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthe3.meetingyes
8、terday?4.Thegirlwhoiswateringtheflowersismy5.cousin./thatwho/whom/that作宾语：作宾语：(可省略可省略)Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter.(作宾语）作宾语）1.Theboywho(m)Imlookingforismyfriend.2.Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison.Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight.The
9、thiefwhomthepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.小结：小结：that既可指人，也可指物，作主语，既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。which指物，作主语，不能省略；作指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略宾语，可以省略.who指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略可以省略,（常用（常用whom）注注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。有时只能用有时只能用th
10、at,不用不用which,常见的情况有五种：常见的情况有五种：1.当先行词是当先行词是all,any,few,little,anything,everything,nothing,或被它们修饰时。或被它们修饰时。ThatsallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时ThatisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoist
11、oreviewmylessons.3.当先行词有当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修等修饰时。饰时。ThatstheonlythingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4.当主句以当主句以who或或which开头时，定语从句的开头时，定语从句的关系词用关系词用that,而不用而不用which或或who.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?5.先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.Themanandh
12、isdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.whose作定语作定语,表示所属关系。表示所属关系。Theboyismyclassmate.Theboysfatherisapoliceman.Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.Achild_parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan(孤儿孤儿).A.whoB.whoseC.whosD.which 例句赏析例句赏析Its an invention which /that is used for keeping off the rain .飘飘I
13、ts a book that/which was written by Margaret Mitchell. Gone with the windIts the Wall that /which was built by Chinese people.Godhelpthosewhohelpthemselves.天助自助者。天助自助者。Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.笑到最后的人才是英雄。笑到最后的人才是英雄。Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1.The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2.The e-m
14、ail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people _ talk much but do little.4.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the h
15、ouse in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise 2. 1.My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.2.Say all _ you know.3.Is there anything _
16、 I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ w
17、e used last Sunday.当主句是who或或which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat关系副词：关系副词：when/where/whywhen作时间状语作时间状语:Shewillneverforgettheday.Shewasmarriedonthatday.Shewillneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)shewasmarried.Itwastheyear.TheWorldWarIbrokeoutintheyear.Itwastheyearwhen(=inwhich)theWorldWar
18、Ibrokeout.When=介词介词+whichwhere作地点状语作地点状语Iwanttoknowtheplace.Iwasbornthere.Iwanttoknowtheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.Thetablewhere(=atwhich)sheissittingisanewone.where=介词介词+whichwhy作原因状语作原因状语,其先行词常常是其先行词常常是thereason.Thatisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)Imlate.Iknowthereasonwhyhesaidit.why=forwhich1.Isthisth
19、eplace_youwereborn?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that2.Isthistheplace_someGermanfriendsvisitedlastyear?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.why关系副词练习关系副词练习3.Thehouse_thefamouswriterwrotehisworksisamuseumnow.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that4.Thehouse_thefamouswriterboughtmanyyearsagoisamuseumnow.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.why5.Hetoldh
20、erthereason_whyheisunhappy,butshedoesntbelievethereason_hegivesher.A.why;whyB.why;whichC.that;whyD.which;why1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I g
21、ave her.关系代词和关系副词练习题关系代词和关系副词练习题4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/thatwhom6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that7. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9.
22、The first one _ stands up is a little boy.thatthatthat10.This is the man _wants to see you. 12.The student _answered the question is Zhang Hua.13.The man _ you went to see has come. 14.The man I met yesterday lent me some money.15.The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher16.Jack, there is someone
23、 in the office _ would like to speak with you. 17. These books _ you lent me were very useful.18. A clock is a machine _ tells people the time. 19. This is the shirt _I bought yesterday. 20. The book _ is on the table is mine. 21. The film _ they are talking about is very interesting. 22. Is there a
24、nyone _ family is in Beijing? 23.Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer. 24. The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English. 25. You have seen the girl _ sister is a Chinese teacher. A. whom B. of whom C. whose D. of which26. I do not like the book _ cover is blue.27. He lives in the house _ wall is white.28. The bridge _ a big ship can go has been built. A. under which B. under that C. in which D. on which29. The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
