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1、Subject-Verb Agreement主谓一致主谓一致Both boys their own hobbies.The class busying writing English passages.Neither you nor I wrong .Canyoufindoutsomegrammarrules?haveareamThe group _ made up of nine students.The group_ dancing happily.isare主谓一致主谓一致谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语一致。语法一致意义一致就近一致主谓一致单数名词单数名词单数代词单数代词动词不定式短语动词
2、不定式短语谓单谓单动名词短语动名词短语从句从句主语为复数主语为复数谓复谓复(一一)语法一致原则语法一致原则1、当主语是：当主语是：ExamplesHisfatherworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellnoteasy.Whathesaidveryimportantforusall.Thechildrenintheclassroomtwohoursago.Readinginthesunbadforyoureyes.isisisiswere2、由连接词、由连接词and或或bothand连接起来的连接起来的合成主语后面合成主语后面,要用要用复数形式复数形式的谓语动词。
3、的谓语动词。如如:LucyandLilytwins.BothsheandheYoungPioneers.areareAttention:若若and所连接的两个词是指所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物同一个人或物时时,它它后面的谓语动词就应用后面的谓语动词就应用单数单数形式。形式。如如:Thewriterandartistcome.由由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,every,morethana(an),manya(an)修饰时修饰时,其谓语动词要用其谓语动词要用单数单数形式。形式。如如:Everystudentandeveryteacherwas
4、intheroom.Noboyandnogirllikesit.hasThe gift is used to have western meals.What is it?A knife and fork used to have meals.is 3、主语为主语为单数名词单数名词或或代词代词,尽管后面跟尽管后面跟有有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用谓语动词仍用单数单数形式形式
5、;若若主语为复数主语为复数,谓语用谓语用复数复数形式。形式。 1.Theteacherwithtwostudents_atthemeeting.(was/were)2.E-mail, as well as the telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play wasA 4、 either, neither, each, everyeither, neither, each, every 或或no +no +单数单数名词名词和由和
6、由some, any, no, everysome, any, no, every构成的构成的复合不定复合不定代词代词, ,都作都作单数单数看待。看待。如如:Each of us:Each of us a new book.a new book.（havehave） Everything around us Everything around us matter.matter.hasis由由each,every,no,manya所修饰的名所修饰的名词，即使用词，即使用and连接作主语，谓语动词一连接作主语，谓语动词一般用般用单数单数。e.g.Eachmanandwoman_ thesameri
7、ghts.A.hasB.haveC.hadD.ishaving 注意注意: : 在口语中当在口语中当neitherneither后跟有后跟有“ofof+ +复数复数名词名词( (或代词或代词)”)”作主语时作主语时, ,其谓语动词也可用其谓语动词也可用复复数。数。如如:Neither of the texts :Neither of the texts is (are)is (are) interesting. interesting. 若若none ofnone of后面的名词是后面的名词是不可数不可数名词名词, ,它的谓语动它的谓语动词就要用词就要用单单数数; ;若它后面的名词是若它后面的
8、名词是复复数数, ,它的谓语动词它的谓语动词用用单数单数或或复数复数都可以。都可以。如如:None of us :None of us has (have)has (have) been to America. been to America.1.Nothing _ 1.Nothing _ （bebe）difficult in the difficult in the world if you set your mind to it .world if you set your mind to it .is 不定代词不定代词everybody everyone everything anyon
9、e anybody anything someone somebody something nobody no one nothing each the other等作主语时等作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数.2. Everything ready. (be)is3. Someone to see you. (want)wants 5、在定语从句里、在定语从句里,关系代词关系代词that, who, which等作主语时等作主语时,其谓语动词的其谓语动词的数应与句中数应与句中先行词先行词的数一致。的数一致。如如:He is one of my friends who was workin
10、g hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6 6、如果集体名词指的是、如果集体名词指的是整个集体整个集体, ,它的谓语动词用它的谓语动词用单单数数; ;如果它指集体的如果它指集体的成员成员, ,其谓语动词就用其谓语动词就用复数复数形式。这些词形式。这些词有有family, class, crowd, committee, population, family, class, crowd, committee, population, audienceaudience等。等。如如:Class Four:Class
11、Four on the third floor. on the third floor. Class Four Class Four unable to agree upon a monitorunable to agree upon a monitor. . 注意注意:people, police, cattle:people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。等名词一般都用作复数。如如:The police:The police looking for the lost child.looking for the lost child.isareare7 7、由、由“a
12、lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest “a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + of, the majority of + 名词名词”构成的构成的短语短语以及由以及由“分数或百分数分数或百分数+ +名词名词”构成的短语作主语构成的短语作主语, ,其谓语动词其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面的数要根据短语中后面名词的数名词的数而定。而定。如如:There:There a lot of people in the classroom.a lot of people in the cla
13、ssroom.The rest of the lectureThe rest of the lecture wonderful. wonderful. 注意注意: : a number ofa number of 许多许多,作定语修饰复数名词作定语修饰复数名词, ,谓谓语用语用复复数数; ;the number ofthe number of的数量的数量,主语是主语是number,number,谓语用谓语用单单数。数。areis 8 8、在倒装句中、在倒装句中, ,谓语动词的数应与其后的主谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。语一致。如如:There:There the bus.(come)the
14、bus.(come) On the wall On the wall many pictures. many pictures. Such Such the result. the result. comesareis1 1、what, who, which, any, more, allwhat, who, which, any, more, all等代词等代词可以是可以是单数单数, ,也可是也可是复数复数, ,主要靠意思来决定。主要靠意思来决定。如如:Which:Which your bag? your bag? Which Which your bags?your bags? All A
15、ll going well. going well. ( (二二) )意义一致原则意义一致原则: :isareis2 2、表示、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值、金钱时间、重量、长度、价值、金钱 等的名等的名词的复数作主语时词的复数作主语时, ,谓语动词通常用谓语动词通常用单数单数形式形式, , 这是这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体如如:Thirty minutes:Thirty minutes enough for the work.enough for the work. 3 3、若主语是、若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名书名、片名、格言、剧名
16、、报名、国名等的复数形式等的复数形式, ,其谓语动词通常用其谓语动词通常用单数单数形式。形式。如如: The Arabian Nights: The Arabian Nights an interesting an interesting story-book story-book isis4 4、表数量的短语、表数量的短语“one and a halfone and a half”后接复数名词作后接复数名词作主语时主语时, ,其谓语动词可用其谓语动词可用单数单数形式形式, ,也可用也可用复数复数。如如:One and a half apples:One and a half apples l
17、eft on the left on the table.table.5 5、算式中表示、算式中表示数目数目( (字字) )的主语通常作的主语通常作单单数看待数看待, ,其谓其谓语动词采用语动词采用单单数形式。数形式。如如:Twelve plus eight:Twelve plus eight twenty. twenty. is (are)is6.由分数或百分数分数或百分数或alotof,lotsof,halfof,alotof,lotsof,halfof,therestof,someof,mostof,allof,therestof,someof,mostof,allof,(a)parto
18、f(a)partof + + + +名词作主语名词作主语名词作主语名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式谓语动词的形式与与与与ofof 后面的名词的数后面的名词的数后面的名词的数后面的名词的数一致一致一致一致 e.g.Lotsofdamage_(be)causedbythefire.Somestudentsareplantingtrees.Therestofthem_(be)wateringthem.Ontheearthabout75%ofthesurface_(be)coveredwithwaterwasareis 7 7、一些学科名词是以、一些学科名词是以 -ics -ics 结尾结尾, ,如如:m
19、athematics, politics, physics :mathematics, politics, physics 以及以及news, news, worksworks等等, ,都属于都属于形式上是复数的名词形式上是复数的名词, ,实际意义为实际意义为单数名词单数名词, ,它们作主语时它们作主语时, ,其谓语动词要用其谓语动词要用单数单数形式。形式。如如:The paper works:The paper works built in 1990.built in 1990. I think physics I think physics easy to study.easy to st
20、udy.wasisnt 8 8、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主等词作主语时语时, ,谓语用谓语用复数复数, ,但如果这些名词前有但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair a (the) pair ofof等等量量词修饰时词修饰时, ,谓语动词用谓语动词用单单数。数。如如:My glasses:My glasses broken. broken. The pair of shoes under the bed The pair of shoes under the bed hi
21、s.his.9 9、 定冠词定冠词the + the + 形容词或分词形容词或分词,表示某表示某一类一类人时人时, ,动动词用词用复复数。数。areis( (三三) )就近一致原则。就近一致原则。1 1、当两个主语由、当两个主语由either or, neither nor, either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but alsowhether or , not only but also连接时连接时, ,谓语动词和谓语动词和邻近的主语邻近的主语一致。一致。如如:Either the teacher or the students:Eith
22、er the teacher or the students our our friends. friends. Neither they nor he Neither they nor he wholly right. wholly right. areis 2 2、there bethere be句型句型bebe动词单复数取决于动词单复数取决于其后其后的主语的主语。如果其后是由。如果其后是由andand连接的连接的两个主语两个主语, ,则应与则应与靠近的靠近的那个主语保持一致。那个主语保持一致。如如:There:There two chairs and a desk in two chai
23、rs and a desk in the room.the room. There There a desk and two chairs in a desk and two chairs in the room.the room.areisExercises:1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe3Not only I but
24、 also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe5Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been6A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave comeHomework
