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1、五种基本句型v主语+谓语（Vi.）v主语+谓语（Vt.）+宾语v主语+系动词+表语v主语+间接宾语+直接宾语v主语+宾语+宾语补足语vThe accident happened a month ago.vHe watched an insect caught by a bird.vThe sun rises in the east.vHer father bought her a purse.vShe lost her chance of becoming the manager.vThe whole class remained silent.系动词vBe动词v5个感观动词 look, so
2、und, feel, smell, tastev表示发展变化的动词 become, turn, get, go, growv表示保持不变 stay, remain, keepv表示”似乎，看起来” appear, seemv表示“原来是，结果是” prove指出下列名词在句中所做的成分。指出下列名词在句中所做的成分。 1.The worldlovesnature.2.Knowledgeis power .3.We Chinese are peace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectappositionpredicative名词性从句v名
3、词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语主语 Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday. 宾语宾语 Idontlikehisjob.Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语同位语 Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idontknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.什么叫名词性从句？v在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。(NounClauses)v名
4、词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在它在复合句中能担任复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同主语、宾语、表语、同位语位语等。等。v因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句句、表语从句和和同位语从句。同位语从句。名词性从句名词性从句nounclause主语从句主语从句subjectclause 宾语从句宾语从句objectclause 表语从句表语从句predicativeclause 同位语从句同位语从句appositiveclause名词性从句中的名词性从句中的连接
5、词连接词有有:从属连词从属连词: that/whether/if（不充当成分）（不充当成分）连接代词连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever连接副词连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever1.Theyaregooddoctors.Hetoldus.2.Hehadntsaidanythingatthemeeting.Thefactsurprisedus.Hetoldusthattheyweregooddoctors.Thefactthathehadntsaidanythin
6、gatthemeetingsurprisedus.总结总结: 当从当从句原来是陈述句时句原来是陈述句时,变成变成名词性从句用名词性从句用that引引导。导。句型转换句型转换3.Doesyoursistergetupearly?Doyouknow?4.Doanimalshavethesamesensesashumans?Ioftenwonder.Doyouknowif/whetheryoursistergetsupearly?Ioftenwonderif/whetheranimalshavethesamesensesashumans.总结总结:当从句原来是一般疑问句时当从句原来是一般疑问句时,变
7、成变成名词性从句用名词性从句用if或或whether引导。引导。5.Whendidhebuythisnewbike?Couldyoutellme?6.Myquestionisthis:wherewillthelecturebegiven?Couldyoutellmewhenheboughtthisnewbike?Myquestioniswherethelecturewillbegiven.总结总结: 当从句原来是特殊疑问句时当从句原来是特殊疑问句时, 变成名词变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。Whatweneedismoretime.Whatwenee
8、daremoreEnglishdictionaries.总结总结: 名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另外另外, 一般情况下一般情况下, 名词性从句均看作名词性从句均看作单数概念。由单数概念。由what引导的一般看后面引导的一般看后面的表语。的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。单句改错1.Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunareknowntoall.2.Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaventbeenknownyet.3.Ididntknowthatyouwillcome.4.Hesaid
9、thatheiswritingastory.5.Couldyoutellmewhenwillhearrive?6.YoucanbegintoseewhydoesEnglishhavesuchstrangerules.ishasntwouldwashewillhas宾语从句的概念：宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：句子结构：主句主句+ +连词连词( (引导词引导词)+)+宾语从句宾语从句1.连词连词(引导词引导词)1)当宾语从句是陈述句时当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和包括肯定句和否定句否定句),连词由连词由that引导引导,因为因为th
10、at在从句在从句中不作任何成分中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况在以下三种情况下不能省略：下不能省略：当当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语
11、时宾语时,第二个第二个that不能省；不能省；当当that作介词宾语时作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。不可省掉。用用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。做形式宾语的宾语从句。Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.在主句为动词在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略
12、的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。的从句也可算是宾语从句。vImsorry(that)Idontknow.vWeresure(that)ourteamwillwin.vImafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.2)当宾语从句是一般疑问句时当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词由连词whether或或if引导引导(口语中常用口语中常用if),因为因为if/whether翻译成翻译成:“是否是否”,具有一定的意义具有一定的意义,所以不能省略。所以不能省略。Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Letsseeif/
13、whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.whether与if的辨用表表“是否是否”时时,在下列情况下用在下列情况下用whether。a.主语从句主语从句b.表语从句表语从句c.同位语从句同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)g.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语连在一起引导宾语从句时不用从句时不用ifwhether和和if都可以引导宾语从句。都可以引导宾语从句。a.当当w
14、hether后紧跟后紧跟ornot时时,不用不用if.e.g.IdontknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if.e.g.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.whether和和if的使用区别的使用区别练一练练一练:if/whether1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.3.Idontknow_heiswellornot.4.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.5.Idontknow_togo.if/ whether
15、whetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether3)当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,由连接代词由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)或连接或连接副词副词(when,where,how,why)引导引导,因为连接因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意义具有一定的意义,所以不可以省略。所以不可以省略。Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idontrememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.P
16、leasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?带带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句的词组也都可以引导宾语从句CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?Idontknowhowfaritistothecinema.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool
17、?Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?2.时态时态1)如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时，包括一般现在时，现在进行时现在进行时,现在完成时现在完成时)从句的时态可根从句的时态可根据实际情况而定据实际情况而定(包括一般现在时包括一般现在时,一般过一般过去时去时,一般将来时一般将来时,现在完成时等现在完成时等)。vIknowheliveshere.vIknowhelivedheretenyearsago.vIhaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2)如果主句
18、是过去的时态如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时包括一般过去时,过去进行时过去进行时),那么从句的时态一定要用相那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态对应的过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时，包括一般过去时，过去进行时过去进行时,过去将来时过去将来时,过去完成时过去完成时)。vIknewwholivedhere.vIsawshewastalkingwithhermother.vHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.vHesaidthathehadseenit.3)当从句是客观真理当从句是客观真理,定义定义,公理公理,定理定理时用一般现在时。
19、时用一般现在时。vTheteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.1.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)2.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)3.LingFengtoldmehe_totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be)Exercise wrotehastakenhadbeen4.Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)5.Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)6.Tom
20、saysthatthey_(play).basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.7.Ihearthey_(return)italready.8.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be) will begoeswereplayinghavereturnedhadbeen3.3.语序语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词连接词+ +主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +其他成分其他成分Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothel
21、ibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idontknowwhathewantstobuy.Idontknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.1)could/would是委婉语气是委婉语气,而不是过去式而不是过去式,因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。4.注意事项注意事项vCouldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?vCouldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?vWouldyoul
22、iketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?2)如果主句的谓语动词是如果主句的谓语动词是ask时时,连词不可能连词不可能是是that;如果主句的谓语动词是如果主句的谓语动词是say时时,连词用连词用that。vShesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.vHesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.vHeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.vYoumayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.3)否定的转移否定的转移:若主语谓语动
23、词为若主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。从句谓语用肯定式。Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。4)It常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作形式宾语：等后作形式宾语：it不不仅可以作形式主语仅可以作形式主语,还可以作形式宾语而
24、还可以作形式宾语而真正的宾语真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾，特别是从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。在带复合宾语的句子中。Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.5)连词连词if和和when在不同从句中的区别：在不同从句中的区别：CDoyouknowif_backnextweek?Ifhe_back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcomeIdontknowwhenhe_(come).Icantwa
25、ithereanymore.Whenhe_(come),wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?willcomecomes1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattimeDAB单项选择单项选择4.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmee
26、tingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestationCD表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句从句,放在系动词之后放在系动词之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。常用的结构有常用的结构有thereasonwhyisthat和和Itisbecause等等结构。结构。二、
27、Predicative Clauses 表语从句连接词连接词:that/whether/asif/asthough(if不不引导表语从句引导表语从句)连接代词连接代词:who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词连接副词:when/where/why/how/becauseThequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.ThatswhyIwaslate.注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中在表语从句中,表表“是否是否”时时,只
28、能用只能用“whether”2.不能用不能用“if”。3.2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。3.Itis/wasbecause1.Itis/waswhy2.4.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat3.5.Thereasonisbecause/whythat.名词主语名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句引起的表语从句在这种句型中在这种句型中,常用表示事实常用表示事实,真理的名词真理的名词,如如:fact,truth或表示看法或表示看法,观点的名词观点的名词,如如:idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,p
29、lan等作主语。等作主语。Thefactisthatourteamhaswonthegame.Thetruthisthatshewastheverypersonwhoinformedagainstherhusband.注意注意表语从句的引导词与主语从句和表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同。宾语从句相同。但但: : 1.that引导表语从句时不能省。引导表语从句时不能省。 2.if不能引导表语从句。不能引导表语从句。1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperateth
30、emachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whenB CD A Exercise 1)Thathewillsucceediscertain.2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3)Whathesaidisnottrue.4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)Whoevercomesisw
31、elcome.Itscertainthathewillsucceed.7) Howwecanhelpthetwins willbediscussedatthemeeting.8)Whentheyllstarttheproject hasnotbeendecidedyet.三、Subject Clause 主语从句考点一考点一:主语从句后置主语从句后置!为了避免免主语冗长主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it作作形式主语形式主语,主语从句放在主语从句放在后面作真正的主语后面作真正的主语.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.-Itscertainthatweshal
32、lbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-由连词由连词whether和和if,连接代词连接代词what，who，which和连接副词和连接副词when，where，why，how等引导等引导,也也常常后置。常常后置。Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.It的用法的用法:(形式主语形式主语)Itspossible/important/necessary/clearthat.很可能很可能/重要的是
33、重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很很清清楚楚Itssaid/reportedthat.据说据说/据报道据报道Itsbeenannounced/declaredthat.已经通知已经通知/宣布宣布Itseems/appears/happens.that显然、明显、显然、明显、碰巧碰巧Itsnowonderthat并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑Itsapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知众所周知)/acommonsaying.(俗话说俗话说)考点二考点二注意注意:主语从句中主语从句中,谓语动词一般用单数；谓语动词一般用单数；what引导的主语从句引导的主语从句,可根据表语决定。
34、可根据表语决定。Whatheneedsisthatbook.Whatheneedsaresomebooks.what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如：主语、宾语、表语。而句子成分，如：主语、宾语、表语。而that则不然，它在句子中只起连接作用。则不然，它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：例如：(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(2)Thatsheisstillaliveisapuzzle.what 与与 that 引导主语从句引导主语从句 由由that引导引导:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._isknow
35、ntoall.(地球是圆的地球是圆的)3._isapity.(你错过了这次机会你错过了这次机会)that无意义无意义,后接一个完整的句子。后接一个完整的句子。that不可省。不可省。ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance注注 意意：Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.Whathesaysanddoesdoesntconcernme.Whathesaysanddoesdontagree.1.“if”不能引导主语从句不能引导主语从句,应由应由“whether”引
36、导。引导。2.主语从句的主语从句的“that”一般不能省。一般不能省。3.“what”引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,谓语动词谓语动词:1)常与其后的名词作表语一致常与其后的名词作表语一致2)根据句子的语境而定。根据句子的语境而定。1._hemadeanimportantspeechatthe2.meetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where3._isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcou
37、ntry_theFirstWorld.A.Which;belongtoB.As,belongedto1.C.What;belongingtoD.It;belongingtoA B C 单项选择单项选择7._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What/becauseB.What/thatC.That/whatD.That/because8._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherl
38、essons.A.What/whyB.That/whatC.What/becauseD.Why/thatBA11._hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever12.Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.thatB.howC.whereD.whatDA13.IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youha
39、dafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere14.-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcited AA15._fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which16.Whenyouanswerque
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