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1、高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程下综合教程下INTEGRATED COURSEINTEGRATED COURSE2Sports in Society Unit 2 ContentStartingoutReadingFocusReadingMorePracticalTranslationFocusedWritingFinalProjectTask1TakethequizonPage32andlearnmoreaboutsports.Starting outStarting out1.InwhatyearwerewomenfirstallowedtocompeteintheOlympicGame
2、s?A.1800.B.1850.C.1900.Starting outStarting outTask 1Task 1Key: C2.Wherewasthe2006WorldCupheld?A.InGermany.B.InSouthAfrica.C.InFrance.Starting outStarting outTask 1Task 1Key:A3.WhatarethethreemostpopularsportsintheUnitedStates?A.Football,baseball,andbasketball.B.Football,soccer,andbasketball.C.Footb
3、all,hockey,andbasketball.Starting outStarting outTask 1Task 1Key:A4.WhatdoesAFCstandfor?Starting outStarting outTask 1Task 1Key:AmericanFootballConference5.WhatisthechampionshipgameofprofessionalUSfootball?A.TheSuperBowl.B.TheBigBowl.C.TheGreatBowl.Starting outStarting outTask 1Task 1Key:A6.Whatwast
4、hefirstsportseventtobetelecastlive?A.The1972NBAfinals.B.The1936BerlinOlympics.C.The1962WorldCup.Starting outStarting outTask 1Task 1Key:B7.WhichsportisgovernedbyasetofrulesknownastheQueensberryrules?A.Boxing.B.Cricket.C.Shooting.Starting outStarting outTask 1Task 1Key:A8.Whichofthefollowingisessenti
5、allyanindoorsport?A.Cricket.B.Gymnastics.C.Golf.Starting outStarting outTask 1Task 1Key:B9.Inwhichcountrywasgolffirstplayed?A.Scotland.B.France.C.Thailand.Starting outStarting outTask 1Task 1Key:A10.Fromwhatwoodarecricketbatsusuallymade?A.Maple.B.Willow.C.Pine.Starting outStarting outTask 1Task 1Key
6、:B11.Whichsportiscalled“thesportofkings?A.Golf.B.Horseracing.C.Surfing.Starting outStarting outTask 1Task 1Key:B12.WhenwasasafetycarfirstusedinFormula1?A.In1993.B.In1985.C.In1973.Starting outStarting outTask 1Task 1Key:CTask2Lookatthesenewspaperheadlines.Discussinpairswhatyouwouldexpecttoreadinthest
7、oriesthataccompanythem. (P33)Starting outStarting outTask 2Task 21.FootballerFacesSuspensionAfterAttackonSpectatorSample:Starting outStarting outTask 2Task 2EricCantona,theManchesterUnitedstriker,willprobablybesuspendedfortherestoftheseasonafterheattackedaspectatorduringthematchagainstCrystalPalacea
8、tSelhurstParklastnight.TheincidenthappenedmomentsafterCantonahadbeensentoffforkickinganotherplayer,hissixthsend-offin16months.Ashewalkedoffthefield,aspectatorwasseenrunningdownagangwayfromsome20rowsback,apparentlytoshoutabuseatCantona,whosuddenlyturned,jumpedoverthewallandkickedoutattheman,andthenpu
9、nchedhim.2.OlympicChampionSwimmerApologizesforMarijuanaPipePhotoSample:TheOlympicswimmingstarMichaelPhelpsquicklyacknowledgedhispoorjudgmentafteraphotographshowinghiminhalingfromamarijuanapipewaspublishedSundayinanEnglishnewspaper.Althoughhisadmissionisunlikelytoaffecthisswimmingeligibility,itcoulda
10、ffectthemillionsofdollarshehadsecuredinendorsementdeals.InastatementreleasedSundaybyhismarketingagency,Octagon,Phelps,whowonarecordeightgoldmedalsattheBeijingOlympics,didnotchallengethelegitimacyofthephotographpublishedbythetabloidNews of the World.Starting outStarting outTask 2Task 23.“OwnGoalDefen
11、derShotDeadOutsideRestaurantSample:Starting outStarting outTask 2Task 2AColombianfootballerwasshotdeadyesterdaybyangryfanswhoblamedhimfortheirsidesearlyexitfromtheWorldCup.AndresEscobar,adefenderwhoscoredanowngoalduringhissidesdefeatbytheUnitedStatesteam,wasconfrontedbyagroupofmenasheleftarestaurant
12、inMedellin,200kilometersfromBogota.Afteranargumentabouthispoorperformance,theyfired12bullets.OneofthegunmenisreportedtohavesaidtoEscobarbeforetheshooting,“Thankyoufortheowngoal.4.WimbledonPaysEqualPrizeMoneySample:Starting outStarting outTask 2Task 2TheWimbledonChampionshipswillofferwomenandmenequal
13、prizemoneyatthisyearstournamentforthefirsttime.TheannouncementbytheAllEnglandClubbringsthetournamentintolinewithotherGrandSlams,followingcriticismfromofficialsandplayers.WimbledonjoinstheUnitedStatesandAustraliainpayingequalmoneytowomenandmenacrosstheboard,fromthechampionsdowntothefirst-roundlosersi
14、nallevents.TheFrenchOpenoffersthesamecheckonlytothechampions.Task3Lookatthefollowingcartoonscarefully,anddiscussingroupsthemessageineachcartoon.(P33)Starting outStarting outTask 3Task 3Starting outStarting outTask 3Task 3Sample:Theuseofsportasasettingforadvertisingproductsiscommoninmanycountries.Fee
15、sfromcorporatesponsorsareoftenusedtosupportamateurathletes,events,andtheadministrativestructuresofsportsorganizations.Starting outStarting outTask 3Task 3Sample:Likethegreedygolfer,mostpeopleassumethatthecashrewardsforprofessionalathletesareasourceofmotivation.However,oneofthedangersofcommercialspor
16、tsisthattheyfocustoomuchonexternalrewardsratherthantheintrinsicsatisfactionofparticipation.Starting outStarting outTask 3Task 3Sample:Femaleathleteshavetraditionallybeenexcludedordiscouragedfromparticipatinginmanysports.Statisticsshowthatglobalcollegiateinstitutionsonlyspend24%oftheirathleticoperati
17、ngbudgets,16%oftheirrecruitingbudgetsand33%oftheirscholarshipbudgetsonfemaleathletes.Moreover,lessthan1%ofallcoachesofmensteamsandlessthan46%ofallcoachesofwomensteamsarefemale.Eveniffemaleathleteswinatthegames,theymayreceivelessprizemoneyorscholarshipsandlessmediacoveragethanmaleathletes.Starting ou
18、tStarting outTask 3Task 3Sample:Inheavycontactsports,violentbehaviorandintimidationareoftenlearnedasstrategies.Althoughallplayersdonotfeelcomfortablewiththeamountofviolenceintheirsports,theyhavegenerallycometoacceptit.Eventhosewhodontlikeitmayreluctantlyuseitasawayofimprovingormaintainingtheirpositi
19、onsonteamsandtheirpopularitywithspectators.Big Sports, Big CostWorldsportingeventssuchastheOlympicsandWorldCuprequirebillionsofdollarsofinvestmentandyearsofplanning.Butdotheinvestmentspayoff,helpingthelocalornationaleconomy?Nowwatchthevideoandthenfinishtheblank-fillingexercise.Starting outStarting o
20、utClickthepictureWorldsportingeventssuchastheOlympicsandWorldCupattracthoardsof_,bringing_,jobs,moneyforbusinessesand_forlocalgovernment.Countriescompetehardtoholdsuchevents.Butanalystssaythatthesesportingeventsarenotusuallylikelytobea_tothehostcountry.FariborzGhadarofPennsylvaniaStateUniversitypoin
21、tsoutthathostcitiesofasportingeventtendto_thebenefitwhile_boththecostsofactuallyrunningtheoperationandthecostsofbuildingthe_fortheevent.GeorgeMasonUniversitysTonySamarasaysthatitisnotoftenclearhowhostcitiescalculaterevenuesfrommajorsportingevents,becausebookkeepingcan_fromonecitytothenext.Ghadaralso
22、notesthatthecostof_isamajorissuethatcanoffsetfinancialgainsaneventmightbring.spectators construction projectstax revenuesnet benefitexaggerateStarting outStarting outunderestimatinginfrastructurevarysecurityCommercializationandChangesinSportsReading FocusReading Focus Global Understanding2Detailed I
23、nformation3Critical Thinking4Language Points5Reading FocusReading FocusVocabulary in Action6Background Information1Aswellasbeingaformofrecreationfortheparticipants,muchsportisplayedinfrontofanaudience.Mostprofessionalsportisplayedina“theaterofsomekind,beitastadium,arena,golfcourse,racetrack,ortheope
24、nroad,withprovisionforthe(oftenpaying)public.Largetelevisionorradioaudiencesarealsocommonlyattracted,withrivalbroadcastersbiddinglargeamountsofmoneyforthe“rightstoshowcertainfixtures.ThefootballWorldCupattractsaglobaltelevisionaudienceofhundredsofmillions;the2006Finalaloneattractedanestimatedworldwi
25、deaudienceofwellover700million.IntheUnitedStates,thechampionshipgameoftheNFL,theSuperBowl,hasbecomeoneofthemostwatchedtelevisionbroadcastsoftheyear.SuperBowlSundayisadefactonationalholidayinAmerica;theviewershipbeingsogreatthatin2007advertisingspacewasreportedasbeingsoldat$2.6millionfora30-secondslo
26、t.Background InformationBackground InformationReading FocusReading Focus Global Understanding1Introduction2Three factors that influencespectators attachment tosports3Changes in sports associated with commercialization(Para. 1)(Para. 2)(Paras. 3-9)IntroductionSportshavebecome_.Reading FocusReading Fo
27、cus Global UnderstandingcommercializedThree factors that influence spectators attachment to sportsSpectatorsareattractedby:A._B.Theriskorfinancialrewardsassociatedwithparticipatinginanevent.C._Theuncertaintyofaneventsoutcome.Theanticipateddisplayofexcellenceorheroicsbytheathletes.Changes in sports a
28、ssociated with commercializationA.Changesintheformatandgoalsofsports.Sportshave_theirbasicformatandgoals. e.g. _B.Changesintheorientationsofpeopleinvolvedinsports.a.Withouttechnicalknowledgeaboutasport,spectatorsareimpressedmoreby_thanbyathleticskillsandstrategiesusedbyplayersandcoaches. e.g. _Theba
29、sicstructureofeachOlympicsporthasremainedmuchthesameasitwasbefore.dramaticexpressionReading FocusReading Focus Global UnderstandingmaintainedThosewholacktechnicalknowledgeabouticeskatingaremoreentertainedbytripleandquadruplejumpsthanbysmoothandflawlessroutines.b.Sportparticipantstendtoemphasize_over
30、aestheticorientations.C.Changesinsportorganizations.Thecontrolofsportorganizationsshiftsfurtherandfurtherawayfrom_.Theirdecisionsgenerallyreflectthecombinedeconomicinterestsofmanypeople,butathletesarecutoutof_Reading FocusReading Focus Global Understandingheroicorientationstheplayersdecision-makingp
31、rocessesevenwhendecisionsaffecttheirhealthandwell-beingTask2Readthefollowingstatementsanddecidewhethertheyaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetext.Put“Tbeforeatruestatementand“Fbeforeafalseone.(P39)Key:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10TTTFTFTFFTReading FocusReading Focus Detailed InformationCritical ThinkingReading Focu
32、sRead the following sentences from the text. Interpret the sentences and discuss with your partner whether you agree with the author or not. Give specific examples to support your opinions.1. Commercialization has not had a dramatic effect on the formats and goals of most sports.Reading FocusCritica
33、l Thinking2. As the need to please nave audiences becomes greater, so does the emphasis on heroic orientations.Discuss in groups the following questions.1. Are there any other things affected by commercialization in the same way as sports? Give specific examples to support your opinions.Reading Focu
34、sCritical Thinking2. Many people feel that athletes are paid too much. How do you feel about this issue?1.Funand“goodgamesarenowdefinedintermsofgatereceipts,concessionsrevenues,thesaleofmediarights,marketshares,ratingpoints,andadvertisingpotential.(Para.1)intermsof:asregards,expressedas在方面；以某说法来表达.1
35、)ItsamistaketothinkofFloridaonlyintermsofitstouristattractions.2)Idratherthinkofit_(从投资的角度).Reading FocusReading Focus Language Pointintermsofaninvestmentconcession:1)somethingthatyouallowsomeonetohaveinordertoendanargumentoradisagreement妥协，让步e.g.Bothsidesmadevariousconcessions,butneitherwouldbackdo
36、wnonthecrucialpoints.2)aspecialrightthataparticularpersonorgroupofpeopleisallowedtohave,forexamplebythegovernmentoranemployer,ortheactofgivingorallowingsomethingasaright政府或雇主等许可的特权；特许权e.g.theimport/exportconcessionsthathadbeengrantedtotheisland翻译：今天，乐趣和“好比赛的定义取决于门票收入、特许权收入、媒体传播权的出售、市场份额、收视率以及广告潜力。Re
37、ading FocusReading Focus Language Point2.Weknowthatwheneveranysportisconvertedintocommercialentertainment,itssuccessdependsonspectatorappeal.(Para. 2)convertedinto:1)change(something)fromoneformorusetoanother转变，转换 e.g.Theyconvertedthesparebedroomintoanoffice.2)(persuadesomeoneto)changetoadifferentre
38、ligion(使某人)改变宗教信仰e.g.EuropeanmissionariesconvertedthousandstoChristianity.翻译：我们知道，每当任何一项体育运动被转化为商业性娱乐活动时，它的成功就依赖于观众的兴趣。Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point3.Tomakemoneyonasport,itsnecessarytoattractamassaudiencetobuyticketsorwatchtheeventsontelevision.(Para.4)“massisusedhereasanadjective,meanin
39、g“involvingorintendedforaverylargenumberofpeople.e.g.1)群众传媒_2)大规模杀伤性武器_3)大规模生产_4)大规模抗议活动_5)群众营销_Reading FocusReading Focus Language Pointmass mediaweapons of mass destructionmass productiona mass protestmass marketing4.Similarly,thosewhoknowlittleaboutthetechnicalaspectsoficeskatingaremoreentertaine
40、dbytripleandquadruplejumpsthanbyroutinescarefullychoreographedandpracticeduntiltheyaresmoothandflawless.(Para.5)Theprefix“tri-in“triplemeans“threetimesandtheprefix“quadr-in“quadruplemeans“fourorfourtimes.Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point1.one:拉丁前缀uni-:unique独一无二的uniform制服希腊前缀mono-：monologue独
41、白2.two:拉丁前缀bi-：bilingual双语的bilateral双边希腊前缀di-：dioxide二氧化物disyllable双音节词3.three:拉丁前缀tri-：triangle三角形tricycle三轮车4.four:拉丁前缀quadr-：quadrangle四边形quadruple四倍希腊前缀tetra-：tetragon四边形tetrahedron四面体5.five:拉丁前缀quint-：quintuple五倍quintet五重奏希腊前缀pent-：pentagon五角大楼pentathlon五项全能routinen.1)theusualorderinwhichyoudot
42、hings,orthethingsyouregularlydo常规e.g.Officialsattheexchangesaidyesterdaythatitscurrentinvestigationwasamatterofroutine.交易所的官员昨日说明，目前的调查只是例行公事。2)asetofmovements,jokesetcthatformpartofaperformance舞蹈等表演的成套动作e.g.adanceroutine一套舞蹈动作routineadj.e.g.常规手术_定期保养_例行手续_Reading FocusReading Focus Language Pointro
43、utine operationroutine maintenanceroutine procedure5.Theywanttoseeathletesoccasionallycollapseastheysurpassphysicallimits,notathleteswhoknowtheirlimitssowelltheycansuccessfullycompeteforyearswithoutgoingbeyondthem.(Para.5)Trytofigureoutdifferentmeaningsof“collapseineachofthefollowingsentences.1)Minu
44、teslaterthesecondtowercollapsed.2)Hecollapsedwithaheartattackwhilehewasdancing.3)Ithoughtthatwithoutmethewholeprojectwouldcollapse.4)Sharepricescollapsedafternewsofpoortradingfigures.交投数额不佳使股票价格暴跌。 (ofabuilding)falldownReading FocusReading Focus Language Point (ofaperson)falldownbecauseofillness,tir
45、edness,etc. (ofasystem,ideaororganization)fail (ofprices,level,etc.)suddenlybecomemuchlower6.Astheneedtopleasenaveaudiencesbecomesgreater,sodoestheemphasisonheroicorientations.(Para. 7)Thissentencemeansthatastheneedtopleasenaveaudiencesgrows,increasinglymoreemphasisisplacedonheroicorientationsofathl
46、etes.翻译：取悦无知观众的需求越强烈，就越会强调英雄主义取向。Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point7.Theseathletesusuallyevaluatethemselvesandotherathletesintermsofthesportethic,andtheylearntoseeheroicactionsassignsoftruecommitmentanddedicationtotheirsport.(Para.7)ethic:(n.)ageneralideaorbeliefthatinfluencespeoplesbehaviora
47、ndattitudes伦理，道德体系e.g.Peoplestillbelieveinthetraditionalworkethicandwearefortunatetheydo.ethical:(adj.)1)relatingtoprinciplesofwhatisrightandwrong有关道德的e.g.Theuseofanimalsinscientifictests_(提出了一些棘手的伦理道德问题).2)morallycorrect符合道德的e.g.Itwouldnotbeethicalforme,asadoctor,totalktoyouaboutmypatients.Reading
48、FocusReading Focus Language Point raises difficult ethical questionsDistinguishbetweenethic andethnic:ethicethicalethnic1)Only19percentoftherespondentsgavelawyershighmarksformaintaininghonestand_standards.2)Tome,somuchofitcomesbacktothework_andcommitment.3)Employerscannotdiscriminateonthebasisofraci
49、alor_background.Reading FocusReading Focus Language Pointethicalethicethnic8.Theseconditionscomeunderthecontrolofgeneralmanagers,teamowners,corporatesponsors,advertisers,mediapersonnel,marketingandpublicitystaff,professionalmanagementstaff,accountants,andagents.(Para. 8)Reading FocusReading Focus La
50、nguage Pointpublicity: n.1)theattentionthatsomeoneorsomethinggetsfromnewspapers,televisionetc公众的注意e.g.Standardsineducationhavereceivedmuchpublicityoverthelastfewyears.2)thebusinessofmakingsurethatpeopleknowaboutanewproduct,filmetcorwhataparticularfamouspersonisdoing宣传，广告 e.g.Thepublicityforthebookwa
51、spoorandsaleswerelow.该书宣传工作没该书宣传工作没有做好，所以销有做好，所以销量不大。量不大。近几年来，教育近几年来，教育标准得到了公众标准得到了公众的大量关注。的大量关注。Task 1Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate form of the word given and explain its meaning. (P.41)Reading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Actionattachedentertainingentertainmentattachment1. ent
52、ertainA.Frankieisknownthroughoutthe_businessasanenergeticperformer.B.ChildrensTVprogramsnowadaysaremuchmore_thantheyusedtobe.2. attachA.Regularbabysitterscanbecomedeeply_tothechildrentheytakecareof.B.WhenIwasdoinganEnglishcourseinBrighton,Iformedastrong_totheotherstudentsinmyclass.3. historyA.Thefil
53、mdoesnttrytobe_accurate,butitisbasedlooselyonrealeventsandpeople.B.Inhisbook,Churchilldescribesthat_firstmeetingwithRoosevelt.4. innovateA.Whenitwasfirstintroduced,theelectriccarwasdescribedasoneofthe10most_productsoftheyear.B._ininformationtechnologyhavecompletelytransformedthewaystudentswork.5. fl
54、awA.Eachpartyrejectedtheothersapproach,sayingitwas_.B.IhadthoughtthathewasanativeChinesebecausehespokein_Chinese.Reading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in ActionInnovationsinnovativehistoricallyflawedhistoricflawless6. controversyA.Therehasbeenahuge_overwheretoputthecitysnewsportsstadiumandwhoshouldb
55、uildit.B.Hewroteavery_book,butIthinkhehasregretteditsince.7. reviseA.Hegavehisworktohisfriendto_,becausehefoundithardtoseehisownmistakes.B.Thebookwentthroughseveral_beforethepublisherwasfinallysatisfiedwithit.8. commentateA.The_ontheOlympicGameswasmuchbetterontheotherchannel.B.Afterretiring,hebecame
56、aradio_oncricketandrugby,andalsowroteaboutbothsportsforSundaynewspapers.Reading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Actionrevisionsrevisecontroversycommentarycontroversialcommentator9. restrictA.However,thecompanyhasahighly_policywhichmakessuchdevelopmentdifficult.B.Increasingly,campaignersaredemanding
57、thatcountriesimpose_onadvertisingaimedatchildren.10. heroA.Hewasfamedfor_deedsduringthewar.B.Americaspresentneedisnot_,butcalmdiplomacy.Reading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in ActionheroicsheroicrestrictiverestrictionsTask 2Read the following sentences and decide which of the italicized words fits
58、each of the sentences.(P42)Reading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action1.Employerscannotdiscriminateonthebasisofracialorethnic / ethic background.2.Alltypesofinsurancearehandledbothforpersonalandcooperate / corporate customers.3.Policebelievethestrategic / tragic deathof21-year-oldLeeRussellmaybe
59、linkedtodrugabuse.4.Mostlybecauseofhisdefenseandathletic / aesthetic ability,hisplayingtimehasincreasedthelasttwoweeks.5.Wehavelookedatsomeofthekeyprinciplesthatunderlie / underline microeconomics.6.Astack / stakeofcopieswaspiledupattheentrancetotheArtsLab.7.Thecriticalfactorsindeterminingthegrowthi
60、nthepresentstudyareallexternal;noneare extrinsic / intrinsic tothescienceitself.8.Panhasbeenstrugglingfinancially:lastyearalone,advertisingrevenue / avenue fellby20%.9.Iwasconstantlyengraved / engrossed bytheproblemsoftime,space,quality,andothercategoriesofreason.10.Theaward / reward ceremonywillbeh
61、eldattheNationalFilmTheatertonight.Reading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in ActionTask 3Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary. (P42-43)Key 1)2)3)4)5)6)7)8)9)10)11)12)Reading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Actionrevenuesreceiptseconomicreward
62、sathletessponsorspectatorsmaintainavailabilitystadiumsanticipatedpublicityWithoutPassion,SoccerisJustAnotherGameReading MoreReading MoreReading MoreReading More Detailed Information Critical Thinking Language Points Vocabulary in ActionTask 1Complete the following summary of the reading passage.Litt
63、lestirsanationtoanextremelevelofbreathlessdelightandhelplessdespairasswiftlyasafootballgame.Ithasalltheconstituentsofgreatdramawrappedupinoverriding1)_.Andthatswhatcharacterizessportatthislevel:astonishingly2)_drama.Sportmatterstosomanysoverydeeplybecauseitoffersafascinating3)_intosuccessandhowmuchv
64、ictorymatters.Sportingsuccess4)_thesportitself.Whatattractsattentionisnotonlytheplayingofthegamebutalsothewatchingofwinners,thecreatingofwinnersandthe5)_withlosers.passionpowerfulinsighttranscendssympathyReading MoreDetailed InformationSportsareclean-cutanddefinitivebattlesforvictory.The6)_atitscore
65、iswhatseparatessportfrom7)_andmakessportcompelling.Whatalsomakesfootballsocompellingisitsfocusonthe8)_.Butfootballalsocreatesindividual9)_.Momentsofhighdramaandgreatintensitycanbefoundinallsports.Sportwouldnot10)_withoutemotion,petition artteamheroessurviveReading MoreDetailed InformationTask2FAnswe
66、r the following questions. (P49)Reading MoreDetailed InformationChelsea.Loyal.Thecompetitioninsport.Becausethewatchingofwinners,thecreationofwinnersorsympathywithlosersattractsasmuchattentionastheplayingofthegame.FWho does the “club swilling with money in Paragraph 2 refer to?F2. What word can be us
67、ed to describe Manchester United fans?F3. What is a separating feature between sport and art?F4. Why does sporting success go beyond sport itself?5.WhatwastheconsequenceofJohnTerrysmissedpenaltykick?6.WhatisthepurposeoftheauthorincitingtheexampleofJohnTerry?7.HowdidIrishsupportersbehavewhenthenation
68、alanthemofEnglandwasplayed?8.HowdidNelsonMandelamakesportsextraspecialin1995?Reading MoreDetailed InformationChelsealostthegameandtheChampionsLeaguetrophy.Toshowthatthereputationsofplayerscanchangequicklyinaccordancewiththeirperformancesonthepitch.Theyrespectedtheanthem./Theyshowedrespect.Heusedrugb
69、ytouniteadividednation.Critical ThinkingCritical ThinkingReading MoreReading MoreWork together with your partner to answer the following questions based on the text youve just read.Reading MoreCritical Thinking1.WhywastheresomuchcontroversyabouthowtheIrishfanswouldbehavewhentheEnglishanthemwasplayed
70、?2.Theauthorbelievesthat(sportingdisciplines)“areclean-cutanddefinitivebattlesforvictoryand“whatseparatessportfromartisthecompetitionatitscore.Doyouagree?Whatdoyouthinkisthespiritofsport?Discuss in groups the following questions.1.Sportsareoftensaidtoreflectthenationalcharacterofacountry.Howdoyouthi
71、nkUSfootball,baseballandbasketballrespectivelyreflectUSvalues?Reading MoreCritical Thinking2.SincethecreationoftheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)in1894,interestedcitieshaverivaledeachotherforselectionasthehostcityoftheOlympicGames.WhydoyouthinktheybidfortheOlympics?WhatcantheOlympicsbringtothehos
72、tcity?1.ManchesterUnitedfansnowresidetheworldoverandsupportwithstaggeringintensityagroupofplayers,fewofwhomhaveanyrelationtoManchester.(Para. 4)Reading More Reading More Language PointHeretheobjectof“supportis“agroupofplayers.“withstaggeringintensityisaprepositionalphrasetomodify“support.“fewofwhomh
73、aveanyrelationtoManchesterisanattributiveclausethatmodifies“agroupofplayers.翻译：如今曼联球迷遍布全球，以难以想象的热情支持着这支球队，虽然这些球迷根本都与曼彻斯特这座城市没什么关系。2.Sportmatterstosomanysoverydeeplybecauseitoffersafascinatinginsightintosuccessandhowmuchvictorymatters.(Para. 5)Reading More Reading More Language Pointgainaninsightinto
74、insight into: 1) Thearticlegivesusarealinsightintothecausesofthepresenteconomiccrisis.这篇文章使我们真正了解目前经济危机的原因。2)Theresearchprovidesnewinsightsintothewayweprocesslanguage.3)Thetrustwantsto_(深入了解)thecountysbutterflypopulation.3.Sportingsuccesstranscendsthesportitself.(Para. 5)Reading More Reading More La
75、nguage Point她的动听的歌声无法用言语来描述。transcendnationalboundariestranscendedpoliticaldifferencestranscend:togobeyondtheusuallimitsofsomething超越，跨越e.g.1)Thebeautyofhersongstranscendwordsandlanguage.2)Economictransnationalpracticesareeconomicpracticesthat_(跨越国界).3)Thedesireforpeace_(超越了政治分歧). 4.Thatiswhatmakesi
76、tsocompellingandproducesemotionthatwillsendgrownmenfallingtotheirkneesonrain-soakedforeignfields.(Para. 7)Reading More Reading More Language Point fall/sink/drop to ones knees: 跪下跪下 e.g. 1) Tim fell to his knees and started to pray. 2) Then she realized shed forgotten to kneel down when she came in,
77、 and blushing, sank to her knees.“rain-soaked means “completely wet with rain. Other words with “-soaked are “blood-soaked, “oil-soaked, “sweat-soaked, etc.5.Orsomethingrealandtangible;somethingimportantthatcanbebuiltupon?(Para. 9)tangible:1)clearenoughordefiniteenoughtobeeasilyseenornoticed真实的，确切的2
78、)thancanbeperceivedbytouch有形的，可触知的intangible:不确切的，无形的Translatethefollowingphrases.1)有形资产2)确凿证据3)非物质文化遗产4)实惠Reading More Reading More Language Pointtangibleassetstangibleevidenceintangibleculturalheritagetangiblebenefits6.Thereputationsofplayerstwirlonfootballswobblyaxis;sothatyearsofpreviousworkcanb
79、eirrationallytarnishedorbolsteredinoneseason,onegame,onemadlyirresponsible,recklessminute.Onemissedpenalty,onewaywardattack,onecumbersometackle.aplayersreputationhinges,swellsanddeflatesonsuchthings.(Para. 13)Reading More Reading More Language PointThese sentences mean that the reputations of player
80、s can be spoiled, destroyed, or increased very easily depending on their performance on the field.翻译：翻译：球员的名声围绕着足球那摇摆不定的中轴飞转。仅仅由于一个赛季、一场比赛甚至某一分钟那不负责任的鲁莽表现，多年以来的努力就毫无道理地被败坏或提升。一次点球的罚失、一次独断的进攻、一次拙劣的抢断一位球员的名声就与这些紧密相关，并随之膨胀或消减。7.ConsidertheplightofJohnTerry,theChelseacaptain,whowasinconsolableafterslipp
81、inginhisrun-uponWednesdaynight,andmissingapenaltywhichcosthisteamthetrophy.(Para. 14)Reading More Reading More Language PointThis sentence means that John Terry, the Chelsea captain, was very sad after he slipped in his run-up and missed a penalty, which then resulted in their loss of the game.翻译：想想
82、切尔西队长约翰翻译：想想切尔西队长约翰 特里的遭遇吧，星期三晚上，特里的遭遇吧，星期三晚上，因他在助跑时滑跤而错失点球，球队便与奖杯失之交臂，因他在助跑时滑跤而错失点球，球队便与奖杯失之交臂，为此他悲哀不已。为此他悲哀不已。8.HisappearanceattheWorldCupfinaldressedinthesameshirtastheSouthAfricancaptaindidmuchtoannouncethatsportcouldliftitselfbeyondpoliticalandracialboundariesandindoingsowouldremovetheboundarie
83、sthemselves.(Para. 19)Reading More Reading More Language PointThis sentence means that Nelson Mandela, dressed in the same shirt as the South African captain , an Afrikaner, appeared at the World Cup final. This gave a clear message that sport could go beyond political and racial boundaries and even
84、 remove the boundaries.翻译：翻译：他身穿与南非队队长弗兰克伊斯 皮尔纳一个南非白人相同的球衣，亮相世界杯决赛现场；这一举动无异于向世人昭示：体育运动本身可以超越政治和种族界限，甚至可以藉此消除这种界限。Task 11.Thebestfilmsarethosethat_(超越国家或文化界限).2.Theschemehas_(一些实际优惠)fortheemployees,includingsalaryincreasesandshorterworkinghours.3.Theeffectsoftelevisiononchildhoodsocialization_(被无休止地争
85、论).4.Shesthekindofwomanwho_(以指出别人的错误为乐).Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English. Try to use the expressions you have learned from the text. (P51)sometangiblebenefitshavebeendebatedendlesslytranscendnationalorculturalboundariesReading MoreReading More Voca
86、bulary in Actiondelightsinpointingoutotherpeoplesmistakes5.Therewasinhisworkalackof_(对于失败者的同情).6.Recentattemptstoboosttheeconomyhavefailed_(因为几乎说不清的原因).7.FinancialServiceswill_(为在线效劳开启新的时代)notonlyintheshippingindustrybutforotherindustriesaswell.8.DoyoureallythinkwhatIsaywill_(对他来说是重要的)?sympathywithl
87、osersmattertohimforreasonsthatcanbebarelyarticulateddefineaneweraforonlineservicesReading MoreReading More Vocabulary in ActionTask 21.glimpsed2.fervor3.reckless4.despised5.aura6.definitiveFill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary. (P.51)Reading M
88、oreReading More Vocabulary in Action7.bolster8.staggering9.trophy10.constituent11.anthem12.stirredPractical TranslationPractical Translation语篇要注重整体性和一致性，也就是语篇的连贯性连贯性。为了实现语篇的连贯，有效的词汇和语法衔接手段必不可少，此外，还应注重语篇逻辑顺序的调整和视角的转换。语篇层次的翻译连贯1.逻辑顺序的调整在逻辑关系的表达上，英语常先总结后分析，先结果后原因，句子重心取前置式。而汉语句子那么恰恰相反，先原因后结果，先条件后推论，先分析后
89、总结，句子重心取后置式。因此在英译汉过程中，为使汉语语篇连贯，有必要根据汉语的逻辑关系进行合理的调整。2视角的转换在语言结构和逻辑的连贯性上就是英语句子常以物作主语，且一般不能省略，并由此产生谓语形式的被动化。而汉语句子多用人称主语，当人称不言而喻时常常对其进行隐藏或省略，从而使汉语中出现大量的省略句和无主句。所以为使语篇连贯，在翻译过程中注意视角的转换，翻译出地道和连贯的语篇。1.It is well known that animals cannot be maintained in good health on diets which will supply the necessary
90、calories together with protein, fat and mineral requirements, if certain accessory food factors, the vitamins, are absent from the diet.2. 动物的食物缺乏维生素这类附加成分时，即使还有蛋动物的食物缺乏维生素这类附加成分时，即使还有蛋白质、脂肪和无机物，而且能供给必需的热量，也不能白质、脂肪和无机物，而且能供给必需的热量，也不能保持动物的健康，这是人所熟知的事实。保持动物的健康，这是人所熟知的事实。翻译时，把原句中表示总结的翻译时，把原句中表示总结的it is
91、 well knownit is well known放在最放在最后，句子重心取后置式。后，句子重心取后置式。2. I was on my way home from tramping about the street, my drawings under my arm, when I found myself in front of the Mathews Gallery. 我挟着书稿在街上兜了一圈，回家的路上无意中发现自己逛到我挟着书稿在街上兜了一圈，回家的路上无意中发现自己逛到马太书廊的门口。马太书廊的门口。3. The idea that she had that helpless a
92、nd gentle creature to protect, gave additional strength to the natural courage of the honest Irishman. (W. M. Thackeray: Vanity Fair)这厚道的爱尔兰女人本来有胆量；她一想起这个无能的、温柔这厚道的爱尔兰女人本来有胆量；她一想起这个无能的、温柔的小东西需要她来保护，越发添了勇气。的小东西需要她来保护，越发添了勇气。 翻译时，根据汉语的逻辑习惯，改变原句的表达层次。翻译时，根据汉语的逻辑习惯，改变原句的表达层次。原句用物原句用物“idea做主语。翻译时，改用人称做主语
93、。翻译时，改用人称“她做她做主语，符合汉语习惯。主语，符合汉语习惯。4.Weshouldnotbesurprisedthatincreasingnumbersofpeoplechoosetoliveentirelyindoors,leavingbuildingsonlytorideinairplanesorcars,viewingthegreatoutside,iftheyviewitatall,throughsealedwindows,butmoreoftengazingintoscreens,listeningtohumanchatter,cutofffrom“therealitiesof
94、earthandwaterandthegrowingseed.越来越多的人们选择完全足不出户的生活，离开楼群也只是为了开汽车或者乘飞机，透过密封的窗户去看一看外面的大千世界，假设他们去看的话，也不过如此。但是，在更多的时候，他们凝视着屏幕，倾听人们的闲聊，与“土地、水和正在生长的种子的现实世界隔绝开来。这一切我们都不必大惊小怪。原句是一个完整的原句是一个完整的“形合英语长句，采用了各种语法手段，形合英语长句，采用了各种语法手段，如宾语从句、独立主格结构、状语从句等来进行衔接，而且如宾语从句、独立主格结构、状语从句等来进行衔接，而且在逻辑关系上也表达了英语句子先下结论后分析说明的特点，在逻辑关系
95、上也表达了英语句子先下结论后分析说明的特点，句子重心取前置式。在翻译过程中，为了符合汉语句子重心取前置式。在翻译过程中，为了符合汉语“意合意合的表达习惯，原语中显性的语法和词汇手段被隐去，整个句的表达习惯，原语中显性的语法和词汇手段被隐去，整个句子被切分成汉语中靠隐性的意义和逻辑关系衔接的三个单句。子被切分成汉语中靠隐性的意义和逻辑关系衔接的三个单句。而且译文充分考虑汉语先分析后下结论的特点，整个句子结而且译文充分考虑汉语先分析后下结论的特点，整个句子结构进行了大调整，原语中表示结论的句子构进行了大调整，原语中表示结论的句子 We should not We should not be sur
96、prised be surprised 在目标语中被放到最后，形成了一个自然的在目标语中被放到最后，形成了一个自然的结论，句子重心取后置式。结论，句子重心取后置式。5. This is always a feast about where we are now. Thanksgiving reflects the complexion of the year were in. Some years it feels buoyant, almost jubilant in nature. Other years it seems marked by a conspicuous humility
97、uncommon in the calendar of American emotions.感恩节这一餐总是关乎到我们的处境，反映出一年的年景。有些感恩节这一餐总是关乎到我们的处境，反映出一年的年景。有些年的感恩节我们心情愉悦，几乎是喜气洋洋，但有些年头我们却年的感恩节我们心情愉悦，几乎是喜气洋洋，但有些年头我们却把感恩节过得相当低调，不敢骄傲，这并不是美国人惯有的情绪。把感恩节过得相当低调，不敢骄傲，这并不是美国人惯有的情绪。英语原文的第三、四句是以英语原文的第三、四句是以itit作主语的句子，作主语的句子，itit指代指代“感恩感恩节，有的年份它呈现给我们一派活力万千、愉悦开心的气节，有的
98、年份它呈现给我们一派活力万千、愉悦开心的气氛，有氛，有4 4的年份它又要求人低调。但在汉语中，感恩节不能和的年份它又要求人低调。但在汉语中，感恩节不能和愉悦的心情、喜气洋洋的气氛连用，也不能和低调、骄傲等愉悦的心情、喜气洋洋的气氛连用，也不能和低调、骄傲等词搭配，只有感恩节的参与者词搭配，只有感恩节的参与者“我们才能感受到这份节日我们才能感受到这份节日的喜悦，体会到那份低调和不敢轻易骄傲的心情。因此为使的喜悦，体会到那份低调和不敢轻易骄傲的心情。因此为使译文地道、连贯，译者有意将原文中的物称主语变成汉语中译文地道、连贯，译者有意将原文中的物称主语变成汉语中的人称主语，译文读起来顺畅、连贯。的人
99、称主语，译文读起来顺畅、连贯。Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.SuchishumannatureintheWestthatagreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbecomingwhitecollarworkers.2.CosmopolitanShanghaiwasborntotheworldin1842whentheBritishman-of-warNemesis,slippingunnoticedintothemouthofthe
100、YangtzeRiver,reducedtheWusongFortandtookthecitywithoutafight.1. 参考译文：许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。参考译文：许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。2. 参考译文：参考译文：参考译文：参考译文：1842 年英国战舰尼米西斯号悄悄潜入长江口，年英国战舰尼米西斯号悄悄潜入长江口，击毁吴淞炮台，不费一枪一卒占据了上海，击毁吴淞炮台，不费一枪一卒占据了上海，国际化的上海国际化的上海就此诞生了就此诞生了。3.Astudyoftheletterleav
101、esusinnodoubtastothemotivesbehindit.参考译文：研究了一下那封信，我们毫不疑心该信是别有用心的。4.Thehappinessthesuperioradvantagesoftheyoungwomenroundabouther,gaveRebeccainexpressiblepangsofenvy.5.PoorJoespaniclastedfortwoorthreedays;duringwhichhedidnotvisitthehouse.参考译文：参考译文：参考译文：参考译文：丽贝卡丽贝卡看见她周围的小姐那么有福气，享受种种看见她周围的小姐那么有福气，享受种种优
102、越的权利，真是说不出的妒忌。优越的权利，真是说不出的妒忌。参考译文：参考译文：参考译文：参考译文：乔乔继续恐慌了两三天；其间这可怜虫都不肯回家。继续恐慌了两三天；其间这可怜虫都不肯回家。FormalLettersFocused WritingFocused WritingFormallettersFformatFlanguageFocused Writing Focused Writing Writing SkillInaformalletter:Theaddressofthesender,thedateandthemainbody:similartoapersonalletter;Thead
103、dresseesaddress:placedontheleft,oneortwolinesbelowthelineofthedateandabovethesalutation;Thesalutation:“DearMr.or“DearMs.ifyouknowthesurnameoftherecipient;“DearSirsor“DearSirorMadamifyoudontknowthenameoftherecipientoryoudontknowwhoissupposedtoreceivetheletter;Thecomplimentaryclose:“Yourssincerelyor“Y
104、oursfaithfully“Yourssincerelyisusedwhenyouknowthenameoftherecipientandhavestartedtheletterwiththeirname;“YoursfaithfullyshouldbeusedifyoudontandhavethereforestartedDearSirorDearMadam.Focused Writing Focused Writing Writing SkillInaformalletter:Thesignature:yourfullsignature,andusuallywithyourfullnam
105、eandtitleprintedbelowyoursignature;Headednotepaper.Ifyouarewritingonbehalfofabusiness,thenitislikelythatyouwillusenotepaperthathasbeenpreprintedwiththenameandlogoandoftentheaddressofthecompany.Ifyouarewritingabusinessletteronyourownbehalf,thenitisimportanttoensurethatyouraddressisclearlywrittenatthe
106、toprightofthepagesothatanyreplycanbesent.Focused Writing Focused Writing Writing SkillAcoverletterisaletterthatisincludedwithadocumentorobjecttoexplainwhyitisbeingsenttotherecipient.e.g.1)acoverletterthatexplainswhatiswrongwiththeproductthatwasbeingreturnedandwhatyouexpectthesellertodoaboutit;2)acov
107、erletterthatissentwithaCVorrsumwhenapplyingforajobhighlightingthemainreasonwhyyouthinkyouaresuitableforthejob;3)acoverletterforamanuscriptsubmission,etc.Focused Writing Focused Writing Writing SkillThingstoconsiderwhenwritingacoverletterforamanuscriptsubmission:Focused Writing Focused Writing Writin
108、g SkillChoosethemostappropriateeditorbasedonareaandoccasionallyalsoeditorprofiles.Alwaystrytoaddressyourletterpersonallytotheappropriateeditor.Beginbyprovidingthetitleofyourmanuscript,thesection/publicationtypeinwhichyouwouldliketoseeitpublished,andthenameofthejournalyouaresubmittingitto.Provideaver
109、ybriefbackgroundandrationaleforyourstudy,followedbyabriefdescriptionoftheresults.Thingstoconsiderwhenwritingacoverletterforamanuscriptsubmission:Focused Writing Focused Writing Writing SkillExplainthesignificanceofyourfindingstotheresearchcommunity,andspecificallytothereadersofyourtargetjournal.Make
110、anystatementsordeclarationsrequiredbythetargetjournal.Addyourcontactdetailsandyournameprintedafteryoursignature.FinalProjectFinalProjectBidding for the 2021 Olympic GamesWork in groups. Each group will represent a city assigned, and have to bid for the 2021 Olympic Games. Prior to the next class, pr
111、epare final presentations to the class, as would be made to the International Olympic Committee before its announcement of the host city. Each member of the group may take on different rolesfor example, the mayor of the city, an expert in environmental protection, or a representative athletewith dif
112、ferent focuses such as sporting venues, budgets, transportation plans, accommodation, security, and government and public support. You may also use video or still images to highlight the unique features and advantages of your city.WordsandExpressionsyoumayuse:dynamic,culturalheritage,diversity,goodwill,spectators,TorchRelay,Olympia,inspiring,becommittedto,uniqueness,enhance,legendFinal ProjectThankYou!
