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1、-记叙文(叙事篇) 中考作文指导中考作文指导叙事记叙文写作主要特点主要特点：记叙为主记叙为主 稍加议论稍加议论 旁带说明或感想旁带说明或感想记叙文记叙文用于记叙过去发生的事件或经历，以写人、叙事为主要记叙文用于记叙过去发生的事件或经历，以写人、叙事为主要内容。它可以包括历史，游记，报道，回忆，故事，琐事等。内容。它可以包括历史，游记，报道，回忆，故事，琐事等。这样的文章也要有中心。一般从第一或第三人称角度出发，表这样的文章也要有中心。一般从第一或第三人称角度出发，表达自己或他人的经历或感受，使读者对事情十分明了以获得强达自己或他人的经历或感受，使读者对事情十分明了以获得强烈感受。烈感受。记叙文
2、通常以一般过去时为主，根据上下文用各种时态。记叙文通常以一般过去时为主，根据上下文用各种时态。 写好记叙文的基本要领写好记叙文的基本要领1. 头绪分明，脉络清楚头绪分明，脉络清楚2. 突出中心，详略得当突出中心，详略得当3. 用活语言，准确生动用活语言，准确生动记叙文写作的注意事项记叙文写作的注意事项一、交代背景一、交代背景文章的开头应概括地介绍事件发生的文章的开头应概括地介绍事件发生的 时间、地点、人物以及事件等时间、地点、人物以及事件等二、详略得当二、详略得当过多不必要的细节会冲淡文章的主题。过多不必要的细节会冲淡文章的主题。因此，在细节的选择上应注意选择与主题密切相关因此，在细节的选择上
3、应注意选择与主题密切相关 的内容，从而点明文章中心。的内容，从而点明文章中心。 三、条理清晰三、条理清晰记叙文一般按照时间顺序或空间顺序来描述，记叙文一般按照时间顺序或空间顺序来描述，要求层次清晰、条理清楚。要求层次清晰、条理清楚。 中考英语写作评分标准中考英语写作评分标准 一档文（一档文（17-2017-20分）分）写出全部内容要点，层次清楚，写出全部内容要点，层次清楚，语言流畅，有句式变化，语言流畅，有句式变化，有复杂结构，至少有复杂结构，至少2-32-3个，个，基本无语法错误，只有基本无语法错误，只有1-21-2个，个，或有少量由于使用复杂结构或有少量由于使用复杂结构而引起的语法或拼写错
4、误，而引起的语法或拼写错误，但不影响意义理解。但不影响意义理解。 Howcanwewriteagoodcomposition(作文作文)?第一步：第一步：都要都要认真审题认真审题，明确写作，明确写作体裁体裁、要求要求和提示和提示要点要点Howcanwewriteagoodcomposition?(Haveadiscussion!)具体做法：具体做法：用笔勾画用笔勾画假假如如你你是是王王林林。你你所所在在学学校校的的“爱爱心心俱俱乐乐部部(HelpingHandsClub)”将将吸吸收收新新会会员员。你你想想加加入入该该俱俱乐乐部部，请请根根据据下下面表格和图片的内容，用英语写一封自荐信。面表格
5、和图片的内容，用英语写一封自荐信。姓名姓名王林王林性别性别男男本人特点本人特点身体健康；学习刻苦；乐于助人；与身体健康；学习刻苦；乐于助人；与同学友好相处同学友好相处“爱心爱心”表现表现（见图片）（见图片）加入目的加入目的1.2.例例要求：要求：1.表达清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯；表达清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯；2.要要点点须须包包括括表表格格和和四四幅幅图图片片中中的的信信息息，但但不不得使用真实姓名和校名等；得使用真实姓名和校名等；3.表格中表格中“加入目的加入目的”一栏内容由考生自拟；一栏内容由考生自拟；4.词数：词数：70左右。左右。第二步：第二步：列出写作提纲（列出写作提纲（Outlin
6、e）。）。具体做法：具体做法：根据段落整理写作要点根据段落整理写作要点不要遗漏要点！不要遗漏要点！WriteanOutlineIntroductionMainbodyConclusionIwanttojoin本人特点本人特点“爱心爱心”表现表现加入目的加入目的看表格看表格看表格看表格看图看图自拟自拟Ihopeyouwillagreewithme.可以用英文或中文可以用英文或中文姓名姓名/性别性别易漏掉的要易漏掉的要点！点！自荐信自荐信Whatwillyouwrite？王林王林Whoareyouinthisletter?人称人称:IWhatsyourpurpose?加入该俱乐部加入该俱乐部时态：
7、时态：一般现在时为主一般现在时为主Thinking:DearChairperson,IamaboystudentfromClass1Grade9.IdliketojointheHelpingHandsClub.Iamhealthy.Iworkhardatmylessons.Ilikehelpingothers.Igetonwellwithmyclassmates.IfIjointheclub,Iwillbeabletomakemorefriends.AndIcanalsodomoreforothers.扣分原因一扣分原因一词数不够！词数不够！DearChairperson,Iamaboystu
8、dentfromClass1Grade9.IdliketojointheHelpingHandsClub.Iamhealthy.Iworkhardatmylessons.Ilikehelpingothers.Igetonwellwithmyclassmates.IfIjointheclub,Iwillbeabletomakemorefriends.AndIcanalsodomoreforothers.Introduction本人特点本人特点加入目的加入目的扣分原因二扣分原因二遗漏要点！遗漏要点！WriteanOutlineIntroductionMainbodyConclusionIamabo
9、yIdliketojoin本人特点本人特点“爱心爱心”表现表现加入目的加入目的Ihopeyouwillagreewithme. 无法拿满分！无法拿满分！DearChairperson,IamaboystudentfromClass1Grade9.IdliketobeamemberoftheHelpingHandsClub.Iamhealthy.Iworkhardatmylessons.Ilikehelpingothers.IgetonwellwithmyclassmatesIfIjointheclub,Iwillbeabletomakemorefriends.Besides,Icandomor
10、eforothers.YoursWangLin少了少了两个两个重要部分，扣重要部分，扣5-6分，只得分，只得11-12分！分！缺少缺少“爱心爱心”表现表现也缺少也缺少Conclusion“爱心爱心”表现表现(examples)Picture1helpwithhelpclassmateswithlessons我的我的Ioftenhelpclassmateswithlessons. 看图看图Picture2helpcross“爱心爱心”表现表现(examples)看图看图 helpoldpeoplecrosstheroad Ihelpoldpeoplecrosstheroadonmywayhome
11、.Picture3“爱心爱心”表现表现(examples)看图看图givemyseatto givemyseattopeopleinneed Ioftengivemyseattopeopleinneedonabus.“爱心爱心”表现表现(examples)看图看图Picture4cleanupthepark helpcleanupthepark Ioftenhelpcleanupthepark.“爱心爱心”表现表现(examples)1.Ioftenhelpclassmateswithlessons.2.Ihelpoldpeoplecrosstheroadonmywayhome.3.Iofte
12、ngivemyseattopeopleinneedonabus.4.Ioftenhelpcleanupthepark.ConclusionIllbegladifIcanjointheclub.Ihopeyouwillagreewithme.DearChairperson,IamaboystudentfromClass1Grade9.IdliketobeamemberoftheHelpingHandsClub.Iamhealthy.Iworkhardatmylessons.IlikehelpingothersIgetonwellwithmyclassmates.IfIjointheclub,Iw
13、illbeabletomakemorefriends.Besides,Icandomoreforothers.YoursWangLinIllbegladifIcanjointheclub.Ihopeyouwillagreewithme.andoftenhelpclassmateswiththeirlessons.Onmywayhome,Ioftenhelpoldpeoplecrosstheroad.Onabus,Ialwaysgivemyseattopeopleinneed.Sometimes,Ihelptocleanupthepark.不但要点完整了，词数也够了。不但要点完整了，词数也够了。
14、写作：写作：第一步就是要第一步就是要认真审题认真审题，明确写作，明确写作体裁体裁、要求要求和和提示提示要点要点第二步就是要第二步就是要列出写作提纲列出写作提纲，根据，根据段落整理段落整理写写作作要点要点。写作前：写作前：确定确定人称、时态人称、时态写作后：写作后：？作文中作文中应避免应避免的几种常见的几种常见语言错误语言错误：1.时态错误（扣分多，一个时态错误扣分在时态错误（扣分多，一个时态错误扣分在1分左分左右）。右）。2.中国式的英语（不正确的英文表达会让中国式的英语（不正确的英文表达会让整句不整句不得分得分）。）。3.单词拼写错误及大小写（单词拼写一定单词拼写错误及大小写（单词拼写一定要
15、过关要过关）。）。4.介词介词,代词，非谓语动词或形容词副词的不正确代词，非谓语动词或形容词副词的不正确使用（对单词的使用（对单词的词性词性要要熟悉熟悉）。）。5.名词单复数（名词单复数（细心细心就可以避免的错）。就可以避免的错）。写作：写作：第一步就是要第一步就是要认真审题认真审题，明确写作，明确写作体裁体裁、要求要求和和提示提示要点要点第二步就是要第二步就是要列出写作提纲列出写作提纲，根据，根据段落整理段落整理写写作作要点要点。写作前：写作前：确定确定人称、时态人称、时态写作后：写作后： 检查检查另外另外作文中书写不规范，卷面不整洁也是作文中书写不规范，卷面不整洁也是要失分的（中考中有要失
16、分的（中考中有0.5-1分的卷面整洁分的卷面整洁分分，不能丢！不能丢！）。）。Writing skills（“写写”的技巧）的技巧）方法一方法一: :善用词汇善用词汇甚至善用甚至善用高级词汇高级词汇Which is better? 他们在海滩上听音乐。他们在海滩上听音乐。 ATheylistenedtothemusiconthebeach.BTheyenjoyedthemusiconthebeach.Which is better? 我希望你能帮助我。我希望你能帮助我。AIwishyoucanhelpme.BImlookingforwardtoyourhelp.Which is better?
17、 他们很早就到了。他们很早就到了。ATheyarrivedearly.BTheyarrivedasearlyastheycould.Which is better? 最后，他的狗得救了，他感到很惊讶。最后，他的狗得救了，他感到很惊讶。AHisdogwassavedatlast.Hewasverysurprised.BTohissurprise,hisdogwassavedatlast.AIthinklearningEnglishisinteresting.BIfinditreallyfuntolearnEnglish. 我认为学英语很有趣。我认为学英语很有趣。 我们应该保护环境。我们应该保护环
18、境。AWeshouldprotecttheenvironment.BItsourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.方法二方法二: :活用多种句型活用多种句型Writing skills（“写写”的技巧）的技巧） 她还小，搬不动这么重的箱子。她还小，搬不动这么重的箱子。ASheisveryyoung.Shecantcarrytheheavybox.BSheistooyoungtocarrytheheavybox.CSheissoyoungthatshecantcarrytheDSheisnotoldenoughtocarrythe方法三方法三: :妙用关联词妙用关联词Wri
19、ting skills（“写写”的技巧）的技巧）1.表示并列或递进表示并列或递进: and, as well as, bothand, whats more not onlybut also, neithernor2.表示选择表示选择: or, eitheror3.表示转折表示转折: but,however,althoughthough,after all,anyway4.表示因果表示因果: because, so, therefore,since,for,as a result5.表示条件表示条件: if , unless6.表示对比表示对比: instead, notbut, while,
20、 in the same way, on the one handon the other hand7.表示解释表示解释: for example, for instance, such as, that is to say, in other words,to tell the truth8.表示顺序表示顺序: to begin with, firstly, first (of all), second(ly), next, later, since then, from then on, finally, in the end9.表示强调表示强调: also, besides, espec
21、ially, actually, in fact10.表示结论表示结论: all in all, altogether, in a word, generally speaking, in short关联词关联词(connection words)Lets try_ I am tired, I keep on working till midnight.He didnt go to movies, he went to the concert _.We like doing kinds of sports _ swimming, running and hiking._, he stood u
22、p. Then he got out. _, he went back. _, he smiled.ThoughAlthoughinsteadlikeFirstNextFinallyAt lastHow do people spend their vacation? We made a survey and here is our report.According to it, a lot of people travel. And some people stay at home. They watch TV or surf the Internet. Also some other peo
23、ple visit friends or parents. However, a few people work. Come and enjoy your vacation. People who relax well work well.连连(connect) According to it, most people choose to travel to get away from the busy world during the holidays. Then some people like to stay at home, watching TV or surfing the Int
24、ernet to have a good rest. However, a few people have to work. As the saying goes, “All work and no play makesJack a dull boy.” Come and enjoy your vacation. Peoplewho relax well work well.美美(beautify) And to visit friends or parents also makes them relaxed. Proverb（谚语）（谚语）/saying加谚语加谚语(Proverb/sayi
25、ng)可用于可用于”beginning”和和”ending”，多用后者。，多用后者。方法四方法四: :妙用引文和例子妙用引文和例子（多用于（多用于“the bodythe body”）Writing skills（“写写”的技巧）的技巧）青少年应尽我们所能保护环境拯救地球。青少年应尽我们所能保护环境拯救地球。We teenagers should do what we can to protect the environment and save the earth. For example, we can use recyclable bags instead of plastic bags
26、, stop using napkins, plant more trees and save water and energy.加例子加例子加例子加例子在家里，我经常帮助父母亲干家务活。在家里，我经常帮助父母亲干家务活。I often help my parents do housework, such as washing dishes, folding the clothes, taking out the trash and so on.结尾：感悟体会结尾：感悟体会LetLets s practice!practice!例：请以例：请以“AVisittoaFarmAVisittoaFa
27、rm”为题，根据提示写一次愉快的参观为题，根据提示写一次愉快的参观 Today we visited a farm. Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together. The farm workers gave us a warm welcome. Then the head of the farm showed us around. How glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing well！At noon we had a picni
28、c lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes or stories. Two of us even played a game of chess. We enjoyed ourselves. The time passed quickly. Before we knew it, we had to say good-bye to the workers. 范文范文A Visit to a Farm例 A traffic accident首段：首段：
29、首段概括交代事件发生的时间、地点、人物等信息首段概括交代事件发生的时间、地点、人物等信息 A week ago, I witnessed a traffic accident in a rainy day on my way to school, which still sticks in my mind. 例 A traffic accident中心段：中心段：交待细节，注重在交待细节，注重在how;交待细节时应注意的事项？交待细节时应注意的事项？过多不必要的细节会冲淡文章的主题。例 A traffic accident中心段赏析 It was about 7:00 on Friday mo
30、rning, (Oct. 31st).（补充说明时补充说明时间间）I was walking through the pedestrian overpass near my school when I was shocked by the screech of a car. （事情的起事情的起因因）I saw a man knocked down by a black car. Soon many cars were jammed there. I got there and found that beside a black Benz lay a middle-aged man in a p
31、ool of blood. （交代一些细节交代一些细节）The street turned chaotic.（事情的大致经过事情的大致经过）After a moment, the police and an ambulance arrived. The victim was instantly sent to the hospital.（事情的结果事情的结果） 注意空间的移动：注意空间的移动：Igotthere例 A traffic accident结尾段赏析 结尾段：结尾段：可可适当适当发表一点议论发表一点议论In my opinion, the pedestrian should have
32、 taken the overpass when crossing the street. Besides, the driver might have driven too fast, regardless of such bad weather. Anyway, I believe accidents may be avoided if we become aware of the importance of safety.（结尾）（结尾） 一档作文鉴赏一档作文鉴赏Last year, a terrible flu spread across the whole school.One of
33、my classmate, John/Jane Doe, became a victim of it.He/She ran a high fever, and ordinary medicine didnt work onhim.The news quickly reached everybody in our class. Someclassmates recorded the English lessons for him so that he/she could keep up with his/her studies. Our English teacher called on him
34、/her at the weekends sometimes. With care and help, he/she was soon able to be up and about and finally came back to the class.From this event, I learn two things. One is that with love, noillness or difficulty is terrible. The other is that love and help are two-way streets. Our classmates offered
35、John/Jane Doe kind help partly because he/she himself/herself had always been a helpful person. So I realize that when we help others, we are helping ourselves.In the summer sports meeting last year, one of my classmates, John/Jane Doe, suddenly fell to the ground and hurt her left foot when he/she
36、was practicing high jump. His/Her face turned pale and showed great pain.Seeing this, our classmates immediately came to her aid. They struggled to take her to the temporary emergency room. One boy untied his/her shoe and applied ice rocks to his/her wound. Meanwhile, girls comforted her in a soft v
37、oice. Soon the P.E. teacher came. He checked his/her sound and took some emergency measures to lessen her pain. Fifteen minutes later, the ambulance arrived and she was sent to hospital. Luckily enough, with our care and concern, John/Jane Doe recovered quickly.Such an incident impressed everyone pr
38、esent. I realizethat love and care are the best medicine for an injured person Last Friday, my classmate John was absent because he suddenly caught a heavy flu and ran a high fever.（时间、人（时间、人物、事件交代清晰）物、事件交代清晰）After school, we three volunteer students, together with our class teacher went to see him.
39、 John stayed in bed and had a running nose. He told us that he was anxious about his studies. On hearing that, we promised him we would try our best to help. Therefore, in the following days, we arranged ourselves to teach him every day in turn, hoping to ensure that he would catch up with us when h
40、e came back to school.（条理（条理清楚，因果关系合乎逻辑，细节描写恰到好处）清楚，因果关系合乎逻辑，细节描写恰到好处）In my opinion, no one is born to live alone. We should love,care and help each other. Moreover, friendship can help defeat difficulties more easily.As old saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” It was such a group of
41、true friends who melted my heart gently and deeply at one time. This autumn, I unfortunately came down with influenza becauseof not having well prepared for the chill. I kept feeling dizzy and had a headache accompanied with fever. My classmates and teachers tried to argue me into taking a good rest
42、 at home; nonetheless I was terribly concerned about missing lessons. They handed me a glass of hot water, which warmed my heart along with their simple words, “dont worry, my dear, well help you.”At last, I asked for sick leave for 2 days and got over it soon. With the earnest aid of my classmates
43、and teachers, I caught up with others before long. Do you have such a friend, or are you such a person whos always ready to offer a helping hand? Only when we realize the meaning of life lies in what we give rather than what we get will we no longer be lonely in this magicalsociety. Keep in mind tha
44、t love is the best policy. Tough as the suffering is, we will feel much better when friends are around us.One day, when we were playing basketball, an accident happenedLannes got wrenched in his ankle. From the painful look on his face, we knew it was serious. Without hesitation, Fenix and I raised
45、him up and helped him walk to the clinic. But unluckily, the doctor was out. We knew if we didnt take action at once the injury would get worse. So we placed some cold-pack on his ankle. Soon after, the doctor came back and gave us some directions and then we took him to the classroom.We will never
46、walk alone. Whenever we get hurt and fall down, there are always friends who will give us a helping hand by our side. It is friendship that links us together. It is the most precious fortune in our life. One day on a PE lesson, we were enjoying the benign weather and playing sports on the playground
47、. All of a sudden, we found the centre of the playground chaotic. When we got there, we were surprised to see our classmate John lying on the ground with painful expressions. With the arrival of clinic teachers, the students about were evacuated and John was instantly sent to hospital. Because of Jo
48、hns unexpected illness, my class teacher and all the classmates were intent on calling on him. After we decided to visit him in the hospital, some students carried the notes of todays lessons, some bought what john loved most, others made a card bearing the signature of every one in class, hoping th
49、at he could recover soon. When we saw smile climbing up to Johns face, we all took an optimistic view of his condition. Nowadays, more and more people began to have glimmers of hope about the relationship among the human beings, which is the same to me. However, the segments of that day frequently f
50、loats in my mind, which changed my opinion of this kind of circumstance in society. The reason why we human beings can “live together” in such harmony along with creating this prosperous city is that we have the feelings of love. 抄抄组组集集连连抓抓审审作文作文组段成篇，组段成篇，加主题句加主题句审清题意，审清题意，构建框架构建框架连词成句，变连词成句，变换句式换句式抓住要点，抓住要点，列关键词列关键词Summary集句成段，添集句成段，添连接词连接词抄写规范，抄写规范，避免错误避免错误
