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1、Nelson Mandelaa modern heroBook 1 Unit 5基础知识排查重点词汇突破句法与语法突破五年高考 最新模拟1基础知识排查基础知识排查1.quality n.质质量量；品品质质；性性质质2.mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的3.principle n.法法则则；原原则则；原原理理 4.out of work失业失业5.attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击进攻；攻击；抨击 重点识记词汇6.as a matter of fact 事实上事实上7.turn to 求助于；致力于求助于；致力于 8.lose heart 丧失勇气或信心丧失勇气或信
2、心9.escape vi.& vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开逃脱；逃走；避开 e to power 当权；上台当权；上台11.set up 设立；建立设立；建立 12.opinion n. 意见；看法；主张意见；看法；主张13.president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长总统；会长；校长；行长 14.vote vt.& vi.投票；选举投票；选举 n n. .投票；选票；表决投票；选票；表决15.in trouble在在危危险险、受受罚罚、痛痛苦苦、忧忧虑虑等等的的处处境境中中 16.guidance n.指导；领导指导；领导guide v.指导指导17.beg vi.请求；乞求请求；乞求beg
3、gar n.乞丐乞丐18.sentence vt.判判决决；宣宣判判be sentenced to被被判判处处(徒徒刑刑)19.self n.自自我我；自自身身selfish adj.自自私私的的selfless adj.无无私的；忘我的私的；忘我的20.cruelty n.残残 忍忍 ； 残残 酷酷 cruel adj.残残 忍忍 的的 ； 残残 酷酷 的的cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地残忍地；残酷地21.generous adj.慷慷慨慨的的；大大方方的的generously adv.慷慷慨慨地地；大大方方地地generosity n.慷慨；大方慷慨；大方22.hopeful ad
4、j.怀有希望的；有希望的怀有希望的；有希望的hopeless adj.没有希望的没有希望的23.peaceful adj.和和平平的的；平平静静的的；安安宁宁的的peace n.和和平平；平平静静；和睦和睦24.equal adj.相相等等的的；平平等等的的equally adv.平平等等地地；同同等等地地equality n.平等；同等平等；同等25.willing adj.乐乐意意的的；自自愿愿的的unwilling adj.不不愿愿意意的的will n.意志；遗嘱意志；遗嘱26.educate vt.教教育育；训训练练educated adj.受受过过教教育育的的；有有教教养的养的edu
5、cation n.教育教育27.legal adj.法法律律的的；依依照照法法律律的的illegal adj.(反反义义词词)非非法的；违法的法的；违法的28.devote vt.(与与to连连用用)献献身身；专专心心于于devoted adj.忠忠实实的的；深爱的深爱的devotion n.奉献奉献29.unfair adj.不不公公正正的的；不不公公平平的的fair adj.(反反义义词词)公公正正的；公平的的；公平的30.active adj.积极的；活跃的积极的；活跃的activity n.活动活动31.violence n.暴力；暴行暴力；暴行violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的暴
6、力的；猛烈的32.reward n.报报酬酬；奖奖金金 vt.酬酬劳劳；奖奖赏赏rewarding adj.值值得得的；有益的；有回报的的；有益的；有回报的33.terror n.恐恐 怖怖 ； 可可 怕怕 的的 人人 ； 恐恐 怖怖 时时 期期 ； 恐恐 怖怖 活活 动动terrified adj.感到恐惧的；受惊吓的感到恐惧的；受惊吓的34.relative n.亲戚；亲属亲戚；亲属relation n.关系；血缘关系；亲关系；血缘关系；亲属属relationship n.关系关系1.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number o
7、f laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。阶段。必背经典句式2.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴
8、力反抗暴力。只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。3.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。学习。4.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。5.The reason why I got a job was because
9、of my hard work.我能找到工作的原因是我工作努力。我能找到工作的原因是我工作努力。6.They were not cleverer than me，but they did pass their exams.他们不如我聪明但又确实通过了考试。他们不如我聪明但又确实通过了考试。il/im/in/ir illegal /Ilil/ adj.不合法的；非法的；犯不合法的；非法的；犯法的法的impatient /ImpeInt/ adj.不耐烦的；焦躁的不耐烦的；焦躁的inability /InbIltI/ n.U无能；无力；不能无能；无力；不能irrelevant /Irelvnt/
10、adj.无关紧要的；不相关的无关紧要的；不相关的构词记忆2重点词汇突破重点词汇突破1 devote v.献身；致力；专心于；献身；致力；专心于；把把用于用于( (give most of.to) )应试指导过去分词作定语、状语的考查过去分词作定语、状语的考查devote.to.把把致力于致力于专心于专心于devoted adj.忠实的忠实的be devoted to致力于，献身于；热爱致力于，献身于；热爱devotion n.奉献；关照奉献；关照You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.除非你全心
11、全意地去工作，否则你将永远不会获得成功。除非你全心全意地去工作，否则你将永远不会获得成功。(湖南，湖南，26)Alanna has always shown intense devotion to her children.阿兰娜一直非常钟爱她的孩子们。阿兰娜一直非常钟爱她的孩子们。(1)用用devote的适当形式填空的适当形式填空He is highly thought of because of his to duty.His life is one to the people.夯实基础devotiondevoted(2)He devoted himself to community ac
12、tivities and was praised by the people around. (用用现现在在分分词词短短语语作作原原因因状状语改写句子语改写句子) (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子) Devoting himself to community activities，he was praised by the people around. Devoted to community activities，he was praised by the people around. 17应试指导作先行词时定语从句关系词的考查作先行词时定语从句关系词的考查
13、2 position n.姿势；位置，方位；职位；姿势；位置，方位；职位；地位；观点；态度；地位；观点；态度；v.安置；安装安置；安装in ones position处于某人的位置处于某人的位置( (状况状况) )in position在适当的位置在适当的位置out of position不在适当的位置不在适当的位置take the position that.认为认为One can find his position in life in his own way.一个人可以用自己的方式找到在生活中的位置。一个人可以用自己的方式找到在生活中的位置。(浙江浙江阅读阅读D)Leave the ba
14、ndage in position until the doctor tells you to remove it.让绷带保持原样，直到医生叫你拆掉为止。让绷带保持原样，直到医生叫你拆掉为止。当当position后跟定语从句且后跟定语从句且position在从句中作状语时，在从句中作状语时，引导词应用引导词应用where。特别提醒夯实基础语法填空语法填空(1)If you were my position，what would you do then?(2)Sales director is a position communication ability is just as importa
15、nt as sales skills.inwhere3 allow v.允许；准许允许；准许应试指导后跟非谓语动词的考查后跟非谓语动词的考查allow doing sth.允许做某事允许做某事allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事允许某人做某事allow sb.sth.允许某人某事允许某人某事allow for考虑到考虑到We dont allow smoking in our home.在我们家里不允许吸烟。在我们家里不允许吸烟。He was allowed to leave the country.他获准离开该国。他获准离开该国。夯实基础语法填空语法填空(1)The twin
16、s，who had finished their homework，were allowed (play) badminton on the playground.(2)We dont allow (eat) in the classroom.(3)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them (communicate) freely with each other.to playeatingto communicate4 equal adj.相同的，相等的相同的，相等的( (the s
17、ame in.) )；平等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的相当的；能胜任的( (fit；capable) )；n.同等的人；相同等的人；相等物；等物；v.与与相等，等于相等，等于( (be the same in.) )；比得；比得上；抵得过上；抵得过( (be as good as.) )应试指导equally写作关联词写作关联词be equal in在在方面比得上方面比得上be equal to sth./doing sth.等于；与等于；与相等；胜任相等；胜任on equal terms在对等的条件下在对等的条件下,without equal/have no equal无与伦比无与伦比He
18、is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。他是个无与伦比的运动员。I want to encourage her to do well，but equally I dont want to make her feel pressurized.我想鼓励她好好干，但同时我也不想让她有太大压力。我想鼓励她好好干，但同时我也不想让她有太大压力。夯实基础(1)语法填空语法填空He is equal Tom ability.His wife was doing work equal importance.The two countries had a conversati
19、on equal terms.toinofon(2)他能胜任这项工作。他能胜任这项工作。(一句多译一句多译) (equal) (up) (fit) (qualified)He is equal to the job.He is up to the job.He is fit for the job.He is qualified to do/for doing the job.305 opinion n.意见；见解；信念；看法；主张意见；见解；信念；看法；主张in ones opinionin the opinion of sb.在某人看来在某人看来have a good/bad/high/l
20、ow opinion of sb./sth.对对评价好评价好/不好不好/高高/低低In my opinion，people need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying.依我看，人们应该学会接受现实并不断努力。依我看，人们应该学会接受现实并不断努力。 (北京北京开放作文开放作文)(1)英英语语中中“表表达达意意见见”通通常常用用express/give/offer ones opinion，而不说，而不说make ones opinion。(2)英英语语习习惯惯上上用用what询询问问某某人人的的意意见见或或看看法法，而而不不用用
21、how。(3)英语中常用英语中常用according to sb.或或in ones opinion来表来表示示“根据某人的意见根据某人的意见”。特别提醒夯实基础在他看来，这是一本好书。在他看来，这是一本好书。(一句多译一句多译)(1) (opinion)(2) (according)(3) (concerned)(4) (judgment)(5) (view)In his opinion，this is a good book.According to him，this is a good book.As far as he is concerned，this is a good book.
22、In his judgment，this is a good book.In his (point of) view，this is a good book.6 turn to 转身；求助于；致力于转身；求助于；致力于应试指导turn短语语境词义辨析短语语境词义辨析35turn to sb.for help向某人求助向某人求助turn out结果是；证明是；结果是；证明是；( (为看热闹为看热闹) )蜂拥而至蜂拥而至take turns to do./in doing.轮流做轮流做in turn依次；轮流；逐个；相应地依次；轮流；逐个；相应地by turns 轮流地；依次轮流地；依次( (表现
23、出不同的情感或特质表现出不同的情感或特质) )However，when it is something beyond my competence，I turn to my classmates or teachers for help.但是当事情超出我的能力时，我向同学或老师求助。但是当事情超出我的能力时，我向同学或老师求助。 (安徽安徽书面表达书面表达)夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空选择方框内的短语填空in turn，turn to，turn out，turn down，by turns(1)The weather was mild and rainy throughout the week.
24、(2)You look upset.Whats the matter?I had my proposal again.(3)Thousands of people to watch yesterdays match against Ireland.by turnsturned downturned out(4)We are at your service.Dont hesitate to us if you have any further problems.(5)He asked each of us to describe how alcohol had affected our live
25、s.turn toin turn 7lose heart灰心；泄气；丧失信心灰心；泄气；丧失信心( (lose confidence) )lose ones heart to sb.爱上某人爱上某人lose ones temper发脾气发脾气lose ones patience失去耐心失去耐心lose ones way迷路迷路When I cant get good grades and I am in low spirits，my parents always encourage me never to lose heart.当我没有取得好成绩情绪低落时，父母总是鼓励我不当我没有取得好成绩情
26、绪低落时，父母总是鼓励我不要丧失信心。要丧失信心。 (广东广东读写任务读写任务)夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空选择方框内的短语填空lose heart，lose ones temper，lose ones heart to，lose ones patience(1)I found Ive you.(2)My grandfather became fierce when he .(3)Weve kept waiting for almost an hour；I .(4)When you fail，you should never .lost my heart tolost his temperlo
27、st my patiencelose heart3句法与语法突破句法与语法突破1 He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969.1969年年7月，他成为第一个登上月球的人。月，他成为第一个登上月球的人。句型公式 不定式作定语不定式作定语(1)动动词词不不定定式式可可以以用用来来修修饰饰人人和和物物，一一般般置置于于被被修修饰饰的的名词或代词之后，即后置定语。名词或代词之后，即后置定语。(2)当当被被修修饰饰成成分分前前有有序序数数词词或或最最高高级级及及the only，the very修饰时，常用不定式作定语。修饰时，常用不定式作
28、定语。(3)to come将将来来的的；to spare剩剩余余的的。这这两两个个短短语语常常放放在在时间名词后面作后置定语。时间名词后面作后置定语。(4)修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，有时可转换为介词短语。修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，有时可转换为介词短语。He is the only one to survive the accident.他是这次事故中唯一的幸存者。他是这次事故中唯一的幸存者。I caught the train with only a few seconds to spare.我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了火车。我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了火车。夯实基础语法填空语法填空(1)The
29、captain is the last (leave) the ship.(2)Would you like something (drink)?(3)Volunteering gives you a chance (change) lives，including your own.(4)There are still many problems (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.to leaveto drinkto changeto be solved句型公式 only.2.only then did we dec
30、ide to answer violence with violence.直到那时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。直到那时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。“only副词、介词短语、从句副词、介词短语、从句”放在句首时，句子用放在句首时，句子用部分倒装形式。部分倒装形式。Only by saying polite words can you get on well with others.只有说话礼貌你才能和其他人相处得好。只有说话礼貌你才能和其他人相处得好。 (江西江西书面表达书面表达)(1)only从从句句放放在在句句首首时时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。(2)only修饰主
31、语时不倒装。修饰主语时不倒装。特别提醒夯实基础单句改错单句改错(1)Only when had he studied the data again he realized that there was a mistake.(2)Only can man speak.Only when he had studied the data again did he realize that there was a mistake.Only man can speak.3I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。第
32、一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。句型公式 .the first time. the first time作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：the moment，the minute，the second，the instant，the day，the week，the month，the year，each/every/next/any/last time，immediately，instantly，directly等。等。He paid back the money he owed us immediately he returned home
33、.他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。Every time I see the old man in the park，he is absorbed in reading papers.每次在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报。每次在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报。for the first time在句中只能在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。不能用来引导状语从句。特别提醒夯实基础I fell in love with you the moment I saw you.(1) (用用as soon as改写句
34、子改写句子)(2) (用以用以ly结尾的连词改写句子结尾的连词改写句子)I fell in love with you as soon as I saw you. I fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly I saw you.单元语法单元语法用定语从句的引导词完成句子用定语从句的引导词完成句子4(1)What is the name of the town we stayed last night?(2)Please leave the book it was.(3)This is the reason he cried.(4
35、)July， we can go home for a rest，is coming soon.(5)I shall never forget the days I lived in the country with my parents.wherewherewhy/for whichwhen/in whichwhen4五年高考五年高考 最新模拟最新模拟高考题组.短文改错 (2014陕西陕西) My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven.He wanted teach me about animals，in
36、sects and trees.My uncles all come along with bows and arrows forhunting. One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.Just then a bird was flying over us.My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrowswas flying
37、 down at us from the skythey were looked like rain！We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured. That day I didnt learn much about animals，insects or trees，but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!答案.写作常用句翻译1.在在我我看看来来，溺溺爱爱和和过过多多的的关关心心对对孩孩子子的的发发展展尤尤其其有有害害。(in ones opinion) (2013福建福建书面表达书
38、面表达)2.我们没有赢得比赛，但我们没有灰心。我们没有赢得比赛，但我们没有灰心。(lose heart) (2013湖南湖南书面表达书面表达)In my opinion，overprotection and too much care are extremely bad for childrens development.We didnt win the match，but we didnt lose heart.3.只只有有这这样样，我我们们才才能能生生活活在在一一个个舒舒适适美美丽丽的的环环境境中中。(only.) (2012福建福建书面表达书面表达)4.我真的对这个职位感兴趣，希望能为你
39、工作。我真的对这个职位感兴趣，希望能为你工作。(position) (2011辽宁辽宁书面表达书面表达)Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.Im really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.5.原原因因是是来来自自父父母母的的压压力力几几乎乎让让他他们们没没有有时时间间从从事事其其他他的的活动。活动。(allow) (2011陕西陕西书面表达书面表达)6.然然后后我我向向老老师师求求助助，他他建建议
40、议我我和和其其他他同同学学合合作作。(turn to) (2011湖北湖北短文写作短文写作)The reason is often that the pressure from their parents allows them almost no time for other activities.Then I turned to my teacher and he advised me to cooperate with others.7.而且，她经常把业余时间用来帮助他人。而且，她经常把业余时间用来帮助他人。(devote) (2010浙江浙江书面表达书面表达)Besides，she o
41、ften devotes her spare time to helping others.模拟题组.语法填空1.Your sister nearly devoted all her spare time to her study during the three years.Thats right，or she (not，take)the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.2.Please return your seat back to an upright position， will do goo
42、d to your health.wouldnt have takenwhich3.He wasnt allowed (stay) up late.4.I dont think he is equal to (do) this kind of work，so I cant hire him.5.Whenever we are in trouble，we should never lose .6.The government has set a committee to look into this accident.7. the first time in her life Jennie re
43、alized that so many people were loving her in the world.to staydoingheartupFor8. by keeping down costs will PowerData hold its advantages over other companies.9.Have you sent thankyou notes to the relatives fromyou received gifts?10.That is the only way we can imagine (reduce) the overuse of water i
44、n students bathrooms.Onlywhomto reduce.单句改错1.After he heard the bad news，his face took on a worrying expression. 2.Several hours later，with the help of the police，the students managed to escape the dangerous place，hungry and frightened. 3.The man was sentenced 10 years imprisonment for robbing the b
45、ank. worryingworriedescaped后加上后加上fromsentenced后加上后加上to4.He led the workers in fighting the war. 5.As matter of fact，social customs vary in different parts of the world. 6.That football team had won no games and it lost its heart. 7.Dont be worried，because there is nothing to worry. fighting后加上后加上aga
46、instAs后加上后加上a去掉去掉itsworry后加上后加上about8.Madame Curie，devoting to science，was a great woman.9.There are many cards for you to choose.10.It worried the public was that Phelps should take drugs.devotingdevotedchoose后加上后加上fromItWhat.写作句式升级训练As a member of the society，I realize that responsibility is the thing that it needs to make a better and more harmonious society. (素材来源于素材来源于2014湖北湖北短文写作短文写作) (用用being.，aware及及what从从句句改改写写句句子子)Being a member of the society，I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better and more harmonious society.
