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1、英语句子的结构英语句子的结构在英语学习中，我们会发现英语句子的结构是千变万化的。在英语学习中，我们会发现英语句子的结构是千变万化的。但是，如果掌握了由单词组成句子的规律，就能用学过的单词但是，如果掌握了由单词组成句子的规律，就能用学过的单词说出或写出完整、正确的句子。说出或写出完整、正确的句子。英语词语在句子中的排列顺序是组成句子、理解句子的关英语词语在句子中的排列顺序是组成句子、理解句子的关键。一个完整的英语句子，至少是由主语和谓语两个主要部分键。一个完整的英语句子，至少是由主语和谓语两个主要部分组成。组成。主语主语(Subject)：是所谈及的人或事物，是句子叙述的主题，：是所谈及的人或事
2、物，是句子叙述的主题，一般位于谓语动词之前（疑问句、祈使句和一般位于谓语动词之前（疑问句、祈使句和there be句型除外）句型除外）。谓语谓语(Predicate)：是与主语密切相关的动作或状态，是对：是与主语密切相关的动作或状态，是对主语的叙述，其形式（如单复数、人称等）要由主语决定，与主语的叙述，其形式（如单复数、人称等）要由主语决定，与主语保持一致。主语保持一致。例如：例如：The Sun was shining. 主语谓语主语谓语英语句子除了主语、谓语外，还有以下这些成分：宾语(Object)：表示动作的承受者，也可表示动作的结果。 Everybody likes her. (宾语h
3、er, 动作的承受者) She is writing a letter now. （宾语a letter, 动作的结果） 表语(Predicative)：和系动词一道构成谓语。 She is a beautiful girl. 表语定语(Attribute)：修饰名词、代词等。 Her hospital isnt very big. (定语her，修饰名词hospital)But everyone in the hospital works hard. (定语in the hospital，修饰代词everyone）状语(Adverbial)：修饰动词、形容词或副词。She goes to w
4、ork very early. （状语very early，修饰动词goes to work)She feels very happy. （状语very，修饰形容词happy)表语表语(Predicative)：也称为补足语，是指在一些本：也称为补足语，是指在一些本身虽有一定词汇意义但却不能单独表达完整概念身虽有一定词汇意义但却不能单独表达完整概念的动词（如的动词（如be）之后所必须添加的词或短语。这种）之后所必须添加的词或短语。这种添加部分不是该动词的动作承受者，而只是对其表添加部分不是该动词的动作承受者，而只是对其表意的一种必不可少的补充，是对主语的一种说明或意的一种必不可少的补充，是对主
5、语的一种说明或描述。描述。连系动词和表语连系动词和表语连系动词：有一类动词，其后必须要跟表语，通常把这连系动词：有一类动词，其后必须要跟表语，通常把这类动词叫做连系动词或系动词。类动词叫做连系动词或系动词。连系动词和表语一起构成句子的谓语连系动词和表语一起构成句子的谓语例如：例如：She is a beautiful girl.系动词系动词表语表语谓语谓语The cake tastes good.系动词系动词表语表语谓语谓语常作连系动词常作连系动词用用的动词的动词表示特征表示特征或状态存或状态存在的在的appear, be, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, ta
6、ste等等表示特征表示特征或状态持或状态持续的续的keep, remain, stay, turn等等表示特征表示特征或状态转或状态转化的化的become, come, fall, get, grow, go, make, turn, wear等等能作表语用的成分可以是一个词、一个短语或是一个句子能作表语用的成分可以是一个词、一个短语或是一个句子例如：例如：1.The dish smells goodgood. (形容词作表语形容词作表语)2.We can remain friendsfriends. (名词作表语名词作表语)3.Ill see if he is aroundaround. (
7、副词作表语副词作表语)4.The bus stop is just across the roadacross the road. 5. (介语短语作表语）介语短语作表语）6.5. The problem was to find the right place quicklyto find the right place quickly.7. (不定式作表语不定式作表语)8.6. My opinion is that the plan wont workthat the plan wont work.9. (表语从句表语从句)A linking verb is a verb that conn
8、ects a subject with the adjective or noun that describes it.We use adjectives after the linking verblinking verb be (am/is/are/was/were) to say what somebody or something is like.Our family lives are different.A Linking verb bePaula asked Jerry some more questions. Complete their conversation with t
9、he correct form of bebe and the adjectives from the box. Add notnot if necessary.busy close kind rich wonderfulPaula: Do you get a lot of pocket money?Jerry: No, I dont get much, as we (1)_. But I help in my dads shop when he (2)_, and he pays me a bit.arent richis busyPaula: What do you usually do
10、with your family?Jerry: Sometimes my family and I go to the cinema together. It (3)_.Paula: What do you like most about your parents?Jerry: Well, my parents (4)_. We (5)_ to each other, and they always support me.are kindare closeis wonderfulbusy close kind rich wonderfulWe use adjectives after thes
11、e linking verbslinking verbs to describesomebody or something or talk about how things change:appear feel look seem smell sound tastebecome get go grow turnYou look/seemlook/seem tired.It sometimes feelsfeels crowded in our little flat.The dinner smellssmells good but tastes tastes strange.New fashi
12、ons soon go go out of date.When people get get old, their hair turns turns grey.B Other linking verbs1. 凡是变坏，往往用凡是变坏，往往用go 如：如：go bad, go mad, go crazy, go wrong, go sour, go deaf2. 习惯上用习惯上用turn表示表示颜色的变化颜色的变化 如：如：turn red, turn yellow, turn green3. 夜短日长的变化用夜短日长的变化用get 如：如：The days get longer and nig
13、hts get shorter. It was getting dark.4. 谈职业时，多用谈职业时，多用become 如：如：become a teacher, become a writer 谈变化的词谈变化的词go, turn, get, become的用法区别：的用法区别：Complete the speech bubbles in the cartoon below withthe correct forms of the linking verbs and the adjectivesfrom the boxes.get look soundgo seem tasteangry
14、expensive hungrybad happy terrible gone badtastes terribleseemsexpensiveget look soundgo seem tasteangry expensive hungrybad happy terrible sounds angrygetting hungryget look soundgo seem tasteangry expensive hungrybad happy terrible C Linking verbs followed by nouns or noun phrases Linking verbs fo
15、llowed by nouns or noun phrases Some l linking verbsinking verbs can be followed by a noun or noun phrase.I amam a good daughter.He becamebecame a doctor.They seemseem a happy family.After the company was bought, he remainedremained the manager.Well remain friends forever.Use the words in brackets t
16、o answer the questions.Then practise these conversations in pairs.1 S1: What did your cousin do when he left school? S2: (become/football player)2 S1: Youve visited many countries. Which is the best? S2: (China/remain/best place/world/for me)3 S1: Which is the hottest month of the year? S2: (August/
17、be/hottest month) He became a football player.China remains the best place in the world for me.August is the hottest month of the year.Use the words in brackets to answer the questions.Then practise these conversations in pairs.4 S1: What do you think of that girl? S2: (appear/very kind person)5 S1:
18、 What do you like most about your father? S2: (be/happiest man/world)She appears a very kind person.He is the happiest man in the world.1. _ everyone here today? A. Be B. Are C. Is D. Am 2. Harry is older than I. But he _ younger than I. A. look B. looks C. looked D. looking 3. It _ like the singing
19、 of the birds. A. sounds B. looks C. smells D. tastes 4. This kind of cake tastes _. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well CBAA5. The children all looked _ at the broken model plane and felt quite _. A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad6. This kind of paper _ nice. A. feel B
20、. to feel C. is feeling D. feels 7. This Maths problem is _ and I can do it _. A. easy, easily B. easily, easily C. easy, easy D. easily, easy DDA8. Coffee is ready. How nice it _! Would you like some? A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels 9. In winter the days _ colder and colder. A. gets B. getting C. got D. get 10. He _ pale at the thought. A. got B. looked C. turned D. seemed BDC
