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1、手机射频校准什么是射频校准？什么是射频校准？The process of obtaining RF parametric data to The process of obtaining RF parametric data to be used by the phone for the purpose of be used by the phone for the purpose of compensating for non-linear devices, frequency compensating for non-linear devices, frequency variations
2、, and temperature variationsvariations, and temperature variationsOutput from the calibration process is stored in Output from the calibration process is stored in non-volatile (NV) memorynon-volatile (NV) memoryDMSS uses RF NV items during normal operation DMSS uses RF NV items during normal operat
3、ion to ensure system performance is met.to ensure system performance is met.射频校准的意义射频校准的意义? (1)Subscriber units have differing RF characteristics.-Some characteristics vary from one unit to the next-Other characteristics vary from one design to the next射频校准的意义射频校准的意义? (2)The subscriber unit must est
4、imate the Rx power properly to maximize signal to noise ratios and to provide a basis for Tx power output.The subscriber unit must transmit at correct Tx power level over its large dynamic range.射频校准的意义射频校准的意义? (3)The MSM device and system software combination must “know the RF characteristics of th
5、e particular unit. This information is known as RF calibration data.Failure to compensate for differing RF characteristics may cause the unit to fail minimum performance specifications.射频校准的意义射频校准的意义? (4)Calibration Consideration: - Some NV Items will be static per phone design Ex: NV_CDMA_ENC_BTF -
6、 Other NV items will vary from one phone to the next and need to be calibrated Ex: NV_CDMA_TX_LIN_MASTER_1射频校准的信号流图射频校准工位搭建NV项Calibration compensates for nonlinear characteristics, and temperature and frequency variations in the performance of the Tx and Rx path components in a subscriber unitCalibr
7、ation compensates for nonlinear characteristics, and temperature and frequency variations in the performance of the Tx and Rx path components in a subscriber unitOutput from the calibration process are stored in nonvolatile (NV) memory items in AMSS softwareOutput from the calibration process are st
8、ored in nonvolatile (NV) memory items in AMSS softwareDMSS software loads calibration values into MSM registers or uses them for software processing during normal DMSS operationDMSS software loads calibration values into MSM registers or uses them for software processing during normal DMSS operation
9、NV items can be accessed using raw DIAG commands or using DIAG-based tools, such as the QPST RF Calibration ToolNV items can be accessed using raw DIAG commands or using DIAG-based tools, such as the QPST RF Calibration Tool Some NV items will be static per the hardware design Some NV items will be
10、static per the hardware designOther NV items will vary from one unit to the nextOther NV items will vary from one unit to the nextSome elements within an NV item can be extrapolatedSome elements within an NV item can be extrapolatedNV项类型Static RF NV Items: Value is determined by design andStatic RF
11、NV Items: Value is determined by design and does not change for the same design. does not change for the same design. Ex: NV_CDMA_NONBYPASS_TIMER_I Ex: NV_CDMA_NONBYPASS_TIMER_ICalculated RF NV Items: Value is calculated based onCalculated RF NV Items: Value is calculated based on other parameters o
12、f the design configuration and value other parameters of the design configuration and value does not change for a given configuration. does not change for a given configuration. Ex: NV_CDMA_LNA_RANGE_RISE_I Ex: NV_CDMA_LNA_RANGE_RISE_IMeasured RF NV Items: Value is defined by RF calibrationMeasured
13、RF NV Items: Value is defined by RF calibration process and each device may have a different value. process and each device may have a different value. Ex: NV_CDMA_TX_LIN_MASTER_0_I Ex: NV_CDMA_TX_LIN_MASTER_0_IFTM引见FTM is expandable, allowing customers to build onto the FTM is expandable, allowing
14、customers to build onto the functions for manufacturer-specific testingfunctions for manufacturer-specific testingFTM is now a part of QPSTFTM is now a part of QPSTExtensive documentation is available for customer Extensive documentation is available for customer referencereference 80-V4690-25 Rev.
15、B MSM 6250 RF NV Items 80-V4690-25 Rev. B MSM 6250 RF NV Items CL-93-V5368-1 Rev. C Factory Test Mode WCDMA CL-93-V5368-1 Rev. C Factory Test Mode WCDMA CommandsCommands CL93-V5370-1 Rev. F Factory Test Mode GSM CL93-V5370-1 Rev. F Factory Test Mode GSM CommandsCommands 80-V5359-1 Rev. E FTM Overvie
16、w 80-V5359-1 Rev. E FTM Overview运转运转FTM Released DMSS can be made to boot up in one of two operatingReleased DMSS can be made to boot up in one of two operating modesmodes Normal “DMSS Normal “DMSS mode with regular cellular operation mode with regular cellular operation FTM mode with no cellular sy
17、stem determination and call-processing FTM mode with no cellular system determination and call-processing By default, DMSS will power up in normal modeBy default, DMSS will power up in normal mode AMSS software is also capable of switching modes at run-time (no reset AMSS software is also capable of
18、 switching modes at run-time (no reset required)required) To switch from online to FTM, send a “Mode FTM To switch from online to FTM, send a “Mode FTM command to the command to the phone.phone. To switch from FTM to online, send a “Mode Online To switch from FTM to online, send a “Mode Online comma
19、nd. command. To activate FTM:To activate FTM: Send Off_line command to target Send Off_line command to target Send Diag Command NV_WRITE and set NV item NV_FTM_I to 1. Send Diag Command NV_WRITE and set NV item NV_FTM_I to 1. Reset target by sending a MODE_RESET command. Target will boot Reset targe
20、t by sending a MODE_RESET command. Target will boot up inup in FTM mode. Target LCD screen should display “Factory Test ModeFTM mode. Target LCD screen should display “Factory Test Mode At this point the unit is ready to receive FTM commands At this point the unit is ready to receive FTM commandsFTM
21、命令引见1Bool Set PDM(pdm_id_type type) This command Bool Set PDM(pdm_id_type type) This command sets the value of a PDM output, based on PDM_ID sets the value of a PDM output, based on PDM_ID such assuch asTx_Agc_Pdm or Rx_Agc_PdmTx_Agc_Pdm or Rx_Agc_PdmByte Get ADC(adc_id_type type, word* data = Byte
22、Get ADC(adc_id_type type, word* data = NULL) This command returns the value of the NULL) This command returns the value of the specified analogto-specified analogto- digital converter (ADC) channels. digital converter (ADC) channels.Word GetCAGC_RX_AGC() This command returns Word GetCAGC_RX_AGC() Th
23、is command returns thethe 10-bit 2s complement output of the RX AGC loop 10-bit 2s complement output of the RX AGC loopBool GetSynthLockState() This command returns Bool GetSynthLockState() This command returns thethestate of the RF synthesizers.state of the RF synthesizers.FTM命令引见2 Bool SetCDMAWave
24、CW(bool on_off) This command sets Bool SetCDMAWaveCW(bool on_off) This command sets the modulation ON/OFF for the uplink waveform. Pass in the modulation ON/OFF for the uplink waveform. Pass in “true“true for CW waveform and “false for CW waveform and “false for WCDMA uplink for WCDMA uplink wavefor
25、mwaveform Bool SetChannel(word channel) This command sets the Bool SetChannel(word channel) This command sets the uplink and downlink channeluplink and downlink channel Bool SetLNAOffset(byte index, int value) This command Bool SetLNAOffset(byte index, int value) This command sets the LNA offset reg
26、istersets the LNA offset register Bool SetLNARange(lna_range_type range) This commandBool SetLNARange(lna_range_type range) This command sets the LNA range state machine to the specified state sets the LNA range state machine to the specified stateFTM命令引见3 Bool SetMode(mode_id_type mode) This functi
27、on makes aBool SetMode(mode_id_type mode) This function makes a selection between GSM and WCDMA operating modes. It selection between GSM and WCDMA operating modes. It initializes all of the necessary registers to place the phone initializes all of the necessary registers to place the phone in the r
28、equested modein the requested mode Bool SetPARange(pa_range_type range) This commandBool SetPARange(pa_range_type range) This command sets the PA range state machine to the specified state sets the PA range state machine to the specified state Bool SetTxOFF() This command turns off the phones Bool S
29、etTxOFF() This command turns off the phones transmit chain including the power amplifier and the MSM transmit chain including the power amplifier and the MSM Tx clocksTx clocks Bool SetTxON() This command turns on the phones Bool SetTxON() This command turns on the phones transmit chain including th
30、e power amplifier and the MSM transmit chain including the power amplifier and the MSM Tx clockTx clockFTM命令引见4 Word GetCDMAIM2(byte* Idac, byte* Qdac, byte* Trans) Word GetCDMAIM2(byte* Idac, byte* Qdac, byte* Trans) This command returns the optimum IM2 value for the This command returns the optimu
31、m IM2 value for the current mode and channel of the mobile. Rx signal input are current mode and channel of the mobile. Rx signal input are required to be set before issuing this command or results required to be set before issuing this command or results will not be accurate. The resulting word con
32、tains two will not be accurate. The resulting word contains two values:values: The most significant byte contains the I value The most significant byte contains the I value The middle byte contains the Q value The middle byte contains the Q value The least significant byte contains the The least sig
33、nificant byte contains the transconductance valuetransconductance value Bool SetDVGAOffset(word offset) This function sets the Bool SetDVGAOffset(word offset) This function sets the DVGA (Digital VGA) offset registerDVGA (Digital VGA) offset register Word GetDVGAOffset(void) This function gets the D
34、VGA Word GetDVGAOffset(void) This function gets the DVGA offset register valueoffset register valueAutomatic Gain Control (AGC) The phone does not use dB and dBm to manage power.The phone does not use dB and dBm to manage power. In the embedded software, all power is defined in terms of In the embed
35、ded software, all power is defined in terms of AGC unitsAGC units AGC units AGC units AGC is stored as 10-bit number AGC is stored as 10-bit number Range is 210,1024 total units Range is 210,1024 total units dB/AGC = Dynamic Range (dB) / 1024 dB/AGC = Dynamic Range (dB) / 1024 For Dynamic Range = 85
36、.3 dB For Dynamic Range = 85.3 dB There are 12 AGC units per dBThere are 12 AGC units per dB Both RX and TX use AGC units for all power Both RX and TX use AGC units for all power calculationscalculations E.g. Rx must measure power and determine RX AGC. E.g. Rx must measure power and determine RX AGC
37、. E.g. Tx AGC units are used to calculate transmit power E.g. Tx AGC units are used to calculate transmit power (e.g. max power and access probe step sizes).(e.g. max power and access probe step sizes).RX AGC和dBm的转换 GivenGiven Min RSSI = -106 dBm Min RSSI = -106 dBm AGC/dB conversion = 12 AGC / 1 dB
38、 AGC/dB conversion = 12 AGC / 1 dB dB/AGC conversion = 0.08 dB / 1 AGC dB/AGC conversion = 0.08 dB / 1 AGCTX AGC和dBm的转换 GivenGiven Min MSM Tx linearizer power = -57.3 dBm Min MSM Tx linearizer power = -57.3 dBm AGC/dB conversion = 12 AGC / 1 dB AGC/dB conversion = 12 AGC / 1 dB dB/AGC conversion = 0
39、.08 dB / 1 AGC dB/AGC conversion = 0.08 dB / 1 AGCHDET Phone looking up HDET to get power:Phone looking up HDET to get power: Upper 25% of the Tx dynamic is used to obtain power vs. Upper 25% of the Tx dynamic is used to obtain power vs. HDET curve.HDET curve. HDET dynamic range = 0.25 * 85.3 =21.33
40、 HDET dynamic range = 0.25 * 85.3 =21.33 HDET dynamic range is divided into HDET dynamic range is divided into 16 segments. 16 segments. HDET max table power = 28.0 dBm HDET max table power = 28.0 dBm HDET min table power = 6.67 dBm HDET min table power = 6.67 dBm HDET offset and spanHDET offset and
41、 span Offset and span define the range in Offset and span define the range in which the power-limiting algorithm is active which the power-limiting algorithm is active Offset: Lowest HDET value used for Offset: Lowest HDET value used for power limiting = HDET reading at power limiting = HDET reading
42、 at (max Tx power limit - 6dB) (max Tx power limit - 6dB) Span: Highest HDET value used for Span: Highest HDET value used for power limiting = HDET reading at power limiting = HDET reading at (max Tx power limit + 2dB) - offset (max Tx power limit + 2dB) - offsetRx Calibration (1) Rx Calibration (2)
43、Rx Calibration- IM2 (3)IM2 calibration is done to improve reception in certain types of jamming situations. Improper IM2 calibration may cause the mobile stations FER to increase in these jamming situations. Rx Calibration- IM2 (4) Using a signal generator, place an AM modulated carrier with the Usi
44、ng a signal generator, place an AM modulated carrier with the following characteristics at the input to the antennafollowing characteristics at the input to the antenna The frequency of the carrier must be offset from the Rx The frequency of the carrier must be offset from the Rx reference frequency
45、 by 5.0 MHz.reference frequency by 5.0 MHz. Program the modulation tone be sinusoidal and to have a Program the modulation tone be sinusoidal and to have a frequency of 20 kHz.frequency of 20 kHz. Program the signal generator such that the AM modulation Program the signal generator such that the AM
46、modulation depth is 56 %.depth is 56 %. Program the signal strength to be 25 dBm at the antennas Program the signal strength to be 25 dBm at the antennas input. Check the RSSI using the FTM function Get RX AGC. If the input. Check the RSSI using the FTM function Get RX AGC. If the RSSI is saturated
47、(at the extreme limit), adjust the signals strength RSSI is saturated (at the extreme limit), adjust the signals strength accordingly until the RSSI is no longer saturated.accordingly until the RSSI is no longer saturated. Call the FTM function Get CDMA IM2. It may take approximately 5 Call the FTM
48、function Get CDMA IM2. It may take approximately 5 seconds before the function returns a value.seconds before the function returns a value. Store the two values in NV_CDMA_IM2_I_VALUE and Store the two values in NV_CDMA_IM2_I_VALUE and NV_CDMA_IM2_Q_VALUE.NV_CDMA_IM2_Q_VALUE.Rx Calibration (5) FTM c
49、ommand sequenceFTM command sequence -1.SET_MODE FTM-1.SET_MODE FTM -2.RESET-2.RESET -3.TEST_SET_MODE PHONE_MODE_CDMA_800-3.TEST_SET_MODE PHONE_MODE_CDMA_800 -4.TEST_SET_CHANNEL CDMA reference=202 -4.TEST_SET_CHANNEL CDMA reference=202 -5.Input CDMA waveform at ref. channel and at LNA_FALL1 -5.Input
50、CDMA waveform at ref. channel and at LNA_FALL1 power.power. -6.TEST_GET_DVGA_OFFSET-6.TEST_GET_DVGA_OFFSET -7.TEST_GET_LNA_OFFSET ID=0-7.TEST_GET_LNA_OFFSET ID=0 -8.Change input power level to LNA_FALL2.-8.Change input power level to LNA_FALL2. -9.TEST_GET_LNA_OFFSET ID=1-9.TEST_GET_LNA_OFFSET ID=1
51、-10.Change input power level to LNA_FALL3.-10.Change input power level to LNA_FALL3. -11.TEST_GET_LNA_OFFSET ID=2-11.TEST_GET_LNA_OFFSET ID=2 -12.Repeat steps 4 through 11 for all 16 channels.-12.Repeat steps 4 through 11 for all 16 channels.Rx Calibration (6) Stored in following NV items: Stored in
52、 following NV items: NV_CDMA_VGA_GAIN_OFFSETNV_CDMA_VGA_GAIN_OFFSET NV_CDMA_VGA_OFFSET_VS_FREQNV_CDMA_VGA_OFFSET_VS_FREQ NV_LNA_RANGE_OFFSETNV_LNA_RANGE_OFFSET NV_CDMA_LNA_RANGE_OFFSET_VS_FREQNV_CDMA_LNA_RANGE_OFFSET_VS_FREQ NV_LNA_RANGE_12_OFFSETNV_LNA_RANGE_12_OFFSET NV_CDMA_LNA_RANGE_12_OFFSET_VS
53、_FREQNV_CDMA_LNA_RANGE_12_OFFSET_VS_FREQ NV_CDMA_LNA_3_OFFSETNV_CDMA_LNA_3_OFFSET NV_CDMA_LNA_ 3_OFFSET_VS_FREQNV_CDMA_LNA_ 3_OFFSET_VS_FREQ NV_CDMA_LNA_ 4_OFFSETNV_CDMA_LNA_ 4_OFFSET NV_CDMA_LNA_ OFFSET_VS_FREQNV_CDMA_LNA_ OFFSET_VS_FREQ NV_CDMA_IM2_I_VALUENV_CDMA_IM2_I_VALUE NV_CDMA_IM2_Q_VALUENV_
54、CDMA_IM2_Q_VALUE NV_CDMA_IM2_TRANSCONDUCTOR_VALUENV_CDMA_IM2_TRANSCONDUCTOR_VALUETx Calibration (1)Tx Calibration (2) Nonlinear RF characteristics of the Tx AGC amplifier are captured in linearizer tables Tx Calibration (3)FTM command sequenceFTM command sequence1.SET_MODE FTM1.SET_MODE FTM2.RESET2.
55、RESET3.TEST_SET_MODE PHONE_MODE_CDMA_8003.TEST_SET_MODE PHONE_MODE_CDMA_8004.TEST_SET_CHANNEL CDMA reference=202 4.TEST_SET_CHANNEL CDMA reference=202 5.TEST_SET_TX_ON5.TEST_SET_TX_ON6.TEST_SET_PA_RANGE LOW_POWER6.TEST_SET_PA_RANGE LOW_POWER7.Measure Tx power and use TEST_SET_PDM Tx_AGC,x to 7.Measu
56、re Tx power and use TEST_SET_PDM Tx_AGC,x to adjust until the desired Tx power for index 0 is achieved. adjust until the desired Tx power for index 0 is achieved. Record Tx_AGC PDM.Record Tx_AGC PDM.8.Repeat Step 7 for all other indices from 1 to 36.8.Repeat Step 7 for all other indices from 1 to 36
57、.9.TEST_SET_PA_RANGE HIGH_POWER9.TEST_SET_PA_RANGE HIGH_POWER10.Adjust the Tx power as described in Step 7, and record Tx 10.Adjust the Tx power as described in Step 7, and record Tx AGC PDMs and HDET values for all 37 indices.AGC PDMs and HDET values for all 37 indices.Tx Calibration (4)Stored in t
58、he following NV items:Stored in the following NV items:NV_CDMA_TX_LIN_MASTER0NV_CDMA_TX_LIN_MASTER0NV_CDMA_TX_LIN_MASTER1NV_CDMA_TX_LIN_MASTER1NV_TX_COMP0NV_TX_COMP0NV_TX_COMP1NV_TX_COMP1NV_HDET_OFFNV_HDET_OFFNV_HDET_SPNNV_HDET_SPNNV_CDMA_TX_LIM_VS_FREQNV_CDMA_TX_LIM_VS_FREQNV_CDMA_EXP_HDET_VS_AGC N
59、V_CDMA_EXP_HDET_VS_AGC RF Calibration-硬件设备接口 (1)GPIBGPIB硬件接口硬件接口-GPIB-GPIB接口是一个数字化接口是一个数字化2424脚并行总线，其中脚并行总线，其中1616根为根为TTLTTL并行总线，包括并行总线，包括8 8根双向数据线、根双向数据线、5 5根根控制线、控制线、3 3根握手线，另根握手线，另8 8根为地线和屏蔽线。根为地线和屏蔽线。-GPIB-GPIB卡作为计算机与丈量仪表之间的桥梁，卡作为计算机与丈量仪表之间的桥梁，主要承当着命令、数据的传送功能，计算机经主要承当着命令、数据的传送功能，计算机经过控制过控制GPIBGP
60、IB卡向测试仪表发送控制命令，控制卡向测试仪表发送控制命令，控制测试仪表执行相应的动作、进展相应的测试；测试仪表执行相应的动作、进展相应的测试；计算机向测试仪表发送数据读取命令，控制测计算机向测试仪表发送数据读取命令，控制测试仪表将测试数据经过试仪表将测试数据经过GPIBGPIB接口送入计算机；接口送入计算机；RF Calibration-硬件设备接口 (2)NINI公司提供的常用公司提供的常用IEEE488.2IEEE488.2函数函数 -viOpenDefaultRM (ViPSession vi) -viOpenDefaultRM (ViPSession vi) -viOpen(ViSession vi, ) -viOpen(ViSession vi, ) -viPrintf(ViSession vi, ViString writeFmt, .) -viPrintf(ViSession vi, ViString writeFmt, .) -viQueryf (ViSession vi, ) -viQueryf (ViSession vi, ) -viClose(ViObject vi) -viClose(ViObject vi)
