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1、Chapter 1 The Old English Period Beowulf The Middle English Period古英语时期古英语时期-贝奥武甫贝奥武甫-中世纪英语时期中世纪英语时期Anglo-Saxon Period(450-1066)nThe Anglo-Saxon Period extended from the invasion of Celtic England by Germanic tribes( the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes) in the first half of the fifth century to the conque
2、st of England in 1066 by the Norman French under the leadership of William the Conqueror. Only after they had been converted to Christianity in the 7th century did the Anglo-Saxons, where earlier literature had been oral, begin to develop a written literature. Anglo-Saxon Period(450-1066) Historical
3、 Background and Ideology(历史背景和社会思潮历史背景和社会思潮) Roman Conquest Anglo-Saxon Conquest Norman Conquest Old English Beowulfl 巨石阵巨石阵又称索尔兹伯里又称索尔兹伯里石环石环、环状列石、环状列石、太阳神庙太阳神庙、史前石桌、斯通亨治石栏、史前石桌、斯通亨治石栏、斯托肯立石圈等名，斯托肯立石圈等名，是欧洲著名的史前时代文化神庙遗址，位于是欧洲著名的史前时代文化神庙遗址，位于英格兰英格兰威尔特郡威尔特郡索尔兹伯里平原索尔兹伯里平原，约建于公元前，约建于公元前40002000年（年（2008
4、年年3月至月至4月，英国考古学家研月，英国考古学家研究发现，巨石阵的准确建造年代距今已经有究发现，巨石阵的准确建造年代距今已经有4300年，即建于公元前年，即建于公元前2300年左右）年左右）lThe Mesopotamian civilizationlThe ancient Egyptian civilizationlThe ancient Greek-Roman civilizationlThe ancient Indian civilizationlThe Chinese civilizationLiterary Terms（文学术语解释）（文学术语解释）vLegend（传说）: A s
5、ong or narrative handed down from the past, legend differs from myths on the basis of the elements of historical truth they contain.vEpic（史诗）: 1)Epic, in poetry, refers to a long work dealing with the actions of gods and heroes. 2)Beowulf is the greatest national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. John Milto
6、n wrote three great epics: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.Old English Literature vPaganvReligiousvCaedmonvCynewulfvThe Ecclesiastical History of EnglandvAnglo-Saxon ChroniclevBeowulf贝奥武夫手稿英国的英雄史诗：Beowulf贝奥武夫法兰西民族的英雄颂歌：Chanson de Roland罗兰之歌德国民族的悲壮史诗：Nibelungenlied尼伯龙根之歌西班牙的不朽史诗
7、：Cantar de Mio Cid 熙德之歌俄国的民族史诗：Chronicle of the Campaign of Igor 伊戈尔远征记vBeowulf 贝奥武甫vChanson de Roland罗兰之歌vNibelungenlied尼伯龙根之歌What are the main characteristics of Anglo-Saxon Literature?Anglo-Saxon literature is almost exclusively a verse literature in oral form. It was passed down by word of mouth
8、 from generation to generation. Most of its creators are unknown. There are two groups of English poetry in Anglo-Saxon period. The first group is the pagan poetry represented by Beowulf, the second is the religious poetry represented by the works of Caedmon and Cynewulf.What are the artistic featur
9、es of Old English poetry?uAn evident Christian overlayuThe use of kenningsuThe conspicuous occurrence of alliterationuThe narrator of the poem, the “I”: a minstreluThe storys digressive manner of narration1._were probably the first inhabitants of the British Isles in recorded history. a. The Anglo-S
10、axons b. The Romans c. The Celts d. The Normans2. Britain was named after a tribe called _.3. Generally speaking, it is in_ that the English Literary history starts.(北京第二外国语学院2007年考研题) a. 6th.C.BC b. 5th.C.BC c. 6th.C.AD d. 5th.C.AD4. The piece of work that is commonly considered to be the beginning
11、 of the English literature is_.(吉林大学2005年考研题) a. Paradise Lost b. The Canterbury Tales c. Le Morte dArthur d. BeowulfOld English Literaturev1. The Old English poetry can be divided into two groups: the _poetry and the _poetry.v2. Beowulf is the national epic of the_.(国际关系学院2007年考研题)v3._is the first
12、important religious poet in English literature.v4.When we speak of the old English prose, the first name that comes into our minds is_, who is the first scholar in English literature and has been regarded as father of English learning. Anglo-Norman Period(1066-1400) The Historic Situation:The Establ
13、ishment of the Feudal SystemThe 1381 Peasant UprisingThe Completion of the Domesday BookThe Launching of the CrusadesThe Signing of the Magna CarterThe Hundred Years WarMedieval LiteratureSir Gawain and the Green Knight高文爵士和绿衣骑士：Write in about 1375-1400, the poem is one of the best Middle English ro
14、mances.William Langland: “Piers the Plowman”耕者皮尔斯，in which he dealt with the religious and social issues of his day.The Robin Hood Ballads罗宾汉民谣: The most important one among the medieval ballads.Geoffrey Chaucer: The father of English poetry, and best remembered for his The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集.R
15、omance（罗曼史/骑士文学）: 1)Romance is a popular literary form in the medieval England. 2)It sings knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. 3)Chivalry(such as bravery, honor, generosity, loyalty and kindness to the weak and poor) is the spirit of romance.Ballad（民谣）: 1)Ballad is a story in poetic form to b
16、e sung or recited. 2)Ballads were passed down from generation to generation. 3)Robin Hood is a famous ballad singing the goods of Robin Hood. Coleridges The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a 19th century English ballad.Representative Writers and Their works（作家作品）（作家作品）vBeowulf贝奥武甫vSir Gawain and the
17、Green Knight高文爵士和绿衣骑士vWilliam Langland威廉兰格伦Piers the plowman耕者皮尔斯耕者皮尔斯If the epic reflects a heroic age, the romance reflects a chivalric one.Simulation exercise(模拟练习)v1、After the _Conquest, feudal system was established in English society.v2、The most prevalent kind of literature in feudal England w
18、as_. v3、_is the oldest poem in the English language, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language.v4、In Anglo-Saxon period, Beowulf represented the _poetry.v5、_is the first known religious poet of England. He is known as the Father of English Songv6、The _century has traditionally been
19、described as the barren age in English literature.v7、The most important work of Alfred the Great is _, which is regarded as the monument of the old English prose.v8、_refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nations history.(2011年专八真题) A. Ballad B. Romance C. Epic D. Elegy
