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1、Passive and active in translation主动与被动句的翻译v对比英汉两种语言，英语中的被动句显然要多于汉语，如果要指出实施者来，英语的表达方式就是在谓语结构后面加一个由by引导的短语。而在汉语中，我们虽然可以用“被” 字来表示被动，但在更多的情况下，我们并不在意主语与谓语的关系。一般都会采用主动形式。v所以，在英译汉中，我们通常将英语中的被动结构译为汉语的主动句。v如：Jack was asked to be there on time by themv直译的意思是“杰克被他们要求按时到场。” 但按照汉语的习惯，我们表示“被动”的主要形式就是受事施事化所以，我们将它翻
2、译成“他们要求杰克按时到场他们要求杰克按时到场。”2. 英语被动句的句式形式v1. 在英语中使用被动语态的情况：在英语中使用被动语态的情况：vA. 施事者未知或者不需要 The murderer was caught yesterday. 凶手已于昨天被捕。 Visitors are requested to wait. 来宾请等候。 New factories are being built all over the country. 全国各地都在兴建工厂。vB. 主语在上下文中提到过，可以不言而明 Your suggestion has been noted. 你的建议已经得到注意。vC.
3、 施事不如受事重要，或者后者需要强调 At the tea party，only tea and cake were served. 茶会上只供应茶和饼。vD：英语注重形合，注重句子的结构和表达形式，当主动不便于表达往往采用被动。 John loved Mary and was loved in return. 约翰爱玛丽，而她也爱约翰。vE:避免频繁变更主语时。 We should respect others first，and then will be respected by others 我们应该首先尊重别人，才会得到别人的尊重。vF:出于语体的需要。如很多科技文体，或者新闻文体中常
4、出现被动句。 A new international committee was formed on June 1.(新闻语体) 一个新的国际委员会于6月1日成立。v2. 在汉语中被动语态的使用情况在汉语中被动语态的使用情况 A. 传统上“被”含有“遭受” 的意思。有时候对于主语而言是不期望发生的事情。如被捕be arrested，被杀be killed，被俘be captured等。 此外还有遭、受、挨、让、获、蒙受、叫、由、为所等等结构表示被动。 如:“为家庭环境所迫”be forced by family circumstance “被花言巧语所陶醉” she is intoxicate
5、d with sweet wordsvB.汉语常用主动形式表达被动的意义：vIt was done. 这件事情已经做了。vIt was well done. 这件事情做得很好。 vIt was poorly done. 这件事情做得不好。 The problem has been solved. 问题解决了。 The meeting was postponed. 会议延期了。 The difficulties can be overcome. 困难可以克服。 The questions should be discussed问题应该讨论。 A map was hung on the wall.
6、 地图挂在墙上。 Sofas were placed in the sitting room. 沙发摆在客厅里。3. 英语被动句的译法v（一）译成汉语主动句：v1.保留原主语，译成保留原主语，译成 “是是的的”句型或者句型或者补充补充 “加以加以” “予以予以 ”等等 P126 Radium was discovered in 1898. 镭是1898年发现的。 The rate of the speed of an object is given in units of length and time. 物体运动的速率是用长度和时间单位来表示的。 It must be dealt with
7、at the appropriate time. 这必须在适当的时候予以处理。 Whenever two objects are rubbed together, electrons are transferred from one object to the other. 当两个物体在一起摩擦时，电子便从一个物体转到另一个物体。 1.The plan will be examined by a special committee first. 2.This question will be discussed in the next chapter. 3. No reference book
8、s are to be taken out of the reading room without permission. 这计划将由一个特别委员会加以研究。 这个问题将在下一章加以讨论。 本阅览室的任何参考书都不得擅自带出。 (二二).保留原主语，改变说法。保留原主语，改变说法。vSome are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible. 有些人误认为人们喜欢积蓄精力，喜欢休息，喜欢尽可能褒扬自己。vThese bro
9、kers are paid commissions by the buyers and the sellers for executing the orders. 这些经纪人按买家和卖家的嘱咐进行交易，从中收取佣金。vThey will be deprived of their liberty if they take the smallest step. 他们只要采取一点行动，都会失去他们的自由。vThey are paid for this. 他们拿钱就是干这个的。vThe ceremony was cut short by rain. v因为下雨，仪式简化了。vHe prepared t
10、o be governed by the ideas of General Lee. vWould you like to be taught Spanish? vWhat China is doing today will be felt far and wide tomorrow.v他准备根据李将军意见行事。v你愿意学西班牙语吗？v中国今天进行的事业将在今后产生深远的影响。3.将原句的被动式动词转换成名词将原句的被动式动词转换成名词vThe hall is air-conditioned and beautifully lighted. 大厅里有空调设备空调设备，照明设计照明设计也很美观v
11、The electric current is defined as a stream of electrons flowing through a conductor. 电流的定义是流经导体的电子流。vEvery year more and more TV sets are sold. 电视机的销量逐年增加。vShe was guided by the public good. 他把公共利益作为自己的行为准则。4. 把主语转换成宾语把主语转换成宾语vIt is well known that the compass was invented in China more than two th
12、ousand years ago. 众所周知，中国在两千多年前就发明了指南针。vDuring the visit, extensive, earnest and frank discussions were held between the two leaders. 访问期间，两位领导人进行了广泛，认真和坦率的讨论。5. 增加泛指人称，如增加泛指人称，如 有人，人家，有人，人家， 人们，大家，众人，我们人们，大家，众人，我们等等vIt is now understood that atoms can be further divided into smaller particles. 现在人们
13、懂得，原子还可以进一步分成更小的粒子。vWhen asked how she felt, she said “I am having trouble breathing.” 有人问他感觉如何，他说我呼吸困难。vNot a voice, or hand or even an eye was raised. 没有人敢吭声，没有人敢举手，甚至没有人敢抬一下眼皮。vSilver is known to be the best conductor. 大家知道，银是最好的导体。vHe has always been accused of indecisiveness. 人们常常指责他优柔寡断。 1.Voi
14、ces are heard calling for help. 2. An interesting question was asked at the meeting. 3. He is believed to be honest. 4. With the development of network technology，information can be transmitted to wherever it is needed.v有人听见呼救的声音。v会上有人提出了一个有趣的问题。v大家认为他是诚实的。v随着网络技术的发展,人们可以把信息传播到需要它的地方。 6.译成汉语无主句或者主语省
15、略句，使用译成汉语无主句或者主语省略句，使用“把把 ”“将将”“使使”等字等字P125 I have seen a small factory of this kind, where ten men were employed. 我见过这种小工厂，只雇十个人。 Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me? 为什么总是把这些麻烦事推给我呢？ Care should be taken to see that the letter is properly addressed. 注意信的地址是否写对了。 These questions s
16、hould not be confused. 不要把这些问题混在一起。1.He was scolded for nothing2.The whole country was armed in a few days3.Electricity itself has been known to all for thousands of years.4.Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.5.I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card.1.他平白无故地挨了骂。2.几天之内全国武装起来了。3.电为人类所知已有几千年了。4.我们的对外政策收到全世界人民的支持。5.我为这些话所深深所深深感动，后来我把它们写在了圣诞贺卡上。
