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1、现在完成时及其考点现在完成时及其考点 头陂中学：李小明头陂中学：李小明现在完成时歌诀现在完成时歌诀 完成时，很简单，完成时，很简单， have, has 再加再加done. I, you, we, they 用用have，其他，其他has把身现把身现; 否定否定not 加其后，加其后， 疑问句里提向前。疑问句里提向前。 For与与since把时间带，不用把时间带，不用“现完现完”那才怪。那才怪。 强调完成有不同，强调完成有不同， yet，already添添句中。句中。 yet否定，疑问现否定，疑问现，already表示表示“已做完已做完”。 never，ever表经历，表经历，用在过去分词前用
2、在过去分词前， never本身表否定，本身表否定，ever“曾经曾经”句意全句意全 一、现在完成时的结构：一、现在完成时的结构： （助动词）（助动词）have/has+过去分词过去分词二、现在完成时的用法：二、现在完成时的用法：.“完成法完成法”：表示：表示过去过去发生或发生或已经完已经完成成的某一动作对的某一动作对现在现在造成的造成的影响影响或或结果结果。特征词特征词：already、 never、 ever、just、 yet 、before 、 once，twice，three times， several times等。等。.“未完成法未完成法”：表示动作或状态：表示动作或状态从过去已
3、经从过去已经开始开始，持续持续到到现在现在并有可能并有可能延续到将来延续到将来特征词特征词：指一段时间指一段时间时间状语：时间状语：for一段时间；一段时间； 过去点时间过去点时间 2008Since 时间段时间段+ago five years ago 过去时间状语从句过去时间状语从句 up to present, up to now , up till now , so far , recently, lately 还有表一段的时间还有表一段的时间in the past few days/weeks/months/years (up to) these few days/weeks/mont
4、hs/years this morning/week/month/year all ones life , in /during the past /last 5 years总结：总结：现在完成时的时间状语常有如下现在完成时的时间状语常有如下四类四类： 现在完成时常与现在完成时常与already（已经），（已经），just（刚刚，正好），（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。（仍然）等连用。 现在完成时常与现在完成时常与recently（近来），（近来），so far（到目前为止）
5、，（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段一段时间时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。 现在完成时时常与现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或时间段或since +过去时间点过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。连用（含从句，从句过去时）。 现在完成时还与现在完成时还与once（一次），（一次），twice（两（两次），次），three times（三次），（三次），severa
6、l times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。四、正确运用三种结构四、正确运用三种结构 “have/has been to +地地方方”曾经到过某地方曾经到过某地方 “have/has gone to + 地点地点”去了某地已走远去了某地已走远 “have/has been in + 地地方方”现在仍在某地方现在仍在某地方句的特点：句中常出现这些词：句的特点：句中常出现这些词：ever never once twice three times . I have ever been to America . He has been to shuanghai t
7、wice . “have/has gone to + 地点地点” 去了某地已走远去了某地已走远句的特点：句中的主语一定是第三人称，不可能是第句的特点：句中的主语一定是第三人称，不可能是第一、二人称。而且会在前面一句有问句：如：一、二人称。而且会在前面一句有问句：如：Where s sb ? They have gone to Beijing “have/has been in + 地地方方”现在仍在某地方现在仍在某地方句的特点：句中的主语从某时起一直到现在还句的特点：句中的主语从某时起一直到现在还在这个地方。在这个地方。其后常带表示一段时间的状语其后常带表示一段时间的状语。 常用会有常用会有:
8、for 与与since I have been in this school for five years .非延续性非延续性动词也称动词也称终止性动词终止性动词、瞬间动词、瞬间动词、短暂性短暂性动词动词,表示不能延续的动作表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即这种动作发生后立即结束。结束。 如如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等等非延续性非延续性动词在动词在肯定句肯定句中与表示中与表示时间时间点点的状语连的状语连用，如：用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock; 例例:H
9、e died 5 years ago否定否定的终止性动词的终止性动词可以可以与表示与表示时间段时间段的时间状的时间状语连用。例语连用。例:I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks.四、非延续性动词与现在完成时四、非延续性动词与现在完成时 1.现在完成时未完成用法只能用延续性动词现在完成时未完成用法只能用延续性动词。如果是如果是非延续性非延续性动词，动词，肯定句肯定句且句中有表示且句中有表示一段时间一段时间的状语的状语(for,since)，需，需将将非延续性非延续性动词变成动词变成延续性延续性动词动词
10、。My grandma has died.(a month)My grandma has been dead for a month.2.非延续性动词转成延续性动词，有以非延续性动词转成延续性动词，有以下几种下几种： 用相应的延续性动词，如用相应的延续性动词，如borrow- keep put on- wear buy- havecatch a cold have a cold marry be marriedget to know know break be brokenI bought a new computer a year ago.I have had a new computer
11、for a year.He borrowed this book from her last week.He has kept this book since last week. 转换成转换成“be+名词名词/介词介词”。如join the party- be a party memberjoin the army- be a soldier / be in the armygo to school- be a student / be at schoolHe joined the army 5 years ago.He has been a a soldier since 5 years
12、ago.He has been in the army for 5 years. She went to school when she was four.She has been a student since she was four.转换成转换成“be+形容词或副词形容词或副词”。如。如 open- be open close- be closed begin- be on finish/end- be over go/leave- be away move- be out of put on - be on die- be dead fall asleep- be asleep los
13、ebe lost come/arrivebe here/in come/get backbe backThe movie has been on for 30 minutes .The girl left school last week.The girl has been away from school since last week.Exercises His father has died. (for 2 years)The football match has begun.(since9:00a.m)The twins have joined the army. (since the
14、y are 18years old)My teacher has just left Nanjing. (for 3 days)His father has been dead for 2 years.The football match has been on since 9:00. The twins have been soldiers/ been in the army since they are 18years old. My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days1. 这本书我借了一个月了。I borrowed this boo
15、k a month ago.It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book.I have kept the book for a month. /since a month ago.A month has passed since I borrowed the book.四、中考考点：四、中考考点：考点一：考查基本概念考点一：考查基本概念 例如：例如： Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know
16、.will know简析：现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对简析：现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。推理，正确答案是。 重点句型重点句型:It is/ has been+段时间段时间+since从句从句 段时间段时间+has passed
17、+ since从句从句他死了两年了：He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years /since two years ago It is/ has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died.考点二：考查时间状语考点二：考查时间状语 例例1. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 例例2. Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago
18、 .before . a moment ago 例例3. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written例例4.Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better 例例5. Zhao Lan _already _i
19、n this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 例例6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 例例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别 例
20、例1.These farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 例例2._ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 简析：二者又有区别：
21、一般过去时表示过去某简析：二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。等）连用。故例、的正确答案皆为故例、的正确答案皆为B。BB考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法
22、 例例1. His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 例例2.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 例例3.How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 例例4. Hurry up! The
23、play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 例例5. His uncle died two years ago .（改变句子，句意不变）（改变句子，句意不变） His uncle has _ _ _ for two years 例例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义（同义句）句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 例例7. It _ ten years since he l
24、eft the army . . is . has . will . wasDBACbeen deadjoined agoA考点五：考查词组考点五：考查词组have/has been in / to与与have/has gone to的区别的区别 例例1. Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 例例2. My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have
25、gone to .have been 简析：简析：“have/has gone to + 地点地点”表示表示“某人去某人去了某地（还未回来）了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点地点”表示表示“在某地呆了多长在某地呆了多长时间时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点地点”表示表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。那儿）。”故例故例1、2的正确答案皆为的正确答案皆为A。AA-Will you go shopping with me
26、now?-Sorry, I cant. I _ my shirts.A wash B have washed C washed D am washingHow long have you _ the magazine?About a week. A found B borrowed C received D had_ you _ the film Harry Potter 5?Not yet. I will see it this SundayA Did, see B Are, seeingC Have, seen D Do, seeHow is Ann? I _ her for a long
27、 time.A dont see B wont see C didnt see D havent seen (2008 河北河北)Hasnt Betty come yet?No, and I _ for her for nearly 2 hours.A wait B waited C have waited D had waitedIs Mr Baker at home? Sorry, he isnt in. He _ Dalian for vacation.A has gone to B went to C is going to D goes toMr Zhang is a teacher
28、 of rich experience. He _ English for 20 years.A has taught B will teach C teaches D taught-How many times have you _ to Xian?-Three times. A been B went C gone D goI wont forget my teacher because she _ so kind to me since I came to this school.A has been B will be C was D is-I will return the book
29、 to Mary, but I cant find her anywhere. -she _ the teachers office. You can find her there. A has left B was away from C has gone to D has been to You have _ my dictionary for two weeks.Sorry, I will give it back to you right now.A lent B borrowed C kept-_ you _ out the problem, Sam? -Not yet,but I
30、am going to. A Did, work B Are, working C Have, worked D Will, work-What are you going to do this Saturday? -I _ yet. A haven decided B wont decide C am not decided D didnt decideHow long _ the film _ when you got there?A has begun B had begun C has been on D had been onMr Green _ Beijing since thre
31、e years ago.A has come to B went to C had lived in D has been inHe _ our school for two weeks. (2008 青海）青海）A left B has left C has been away from - My father _Shanghai with my(2008 常州常州) grandparents.-Really? _ will they come back?A has been to, How soon B has gone to, How soon C has been to , How long D has gone to, How long She _ that same song so many times. Im getting sick of it! (2008杭州杭州)A sings B sang C will sing D has sung-Mike, you _ the magazine since last week. Can you return it now?-Sure. (2008 泉州）泉州）A borrowed B have borrowed C have kept
