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1、Unit7Unit7阅读教程第二册阅读教程第二册Pre-readingvInterpretation of the quotationvCulture is not only the positive result of meaningful education, but also the results of peoples feeling, judgments about things and ways of behaving.vCulture is not only reflected in books and architectures, but also in our clothin
2、g, gestures as head movements and postures as the way we walk and so on.vPeople are tending to be satisfied with the most ordinary things around them; they mark few impressions of the beautiful and perfect things in mind, though they should appreciate those to keep their feelings alive. Therefore, e
3、veryone ought to do at least one thing, such as hearing a little song, reading a good poem, seeing a beautiful picture, or even speaking a few reasonable words.vPre-reading discussion: Reflect on your personal experience. Describe how you have acquired some culture-specific customs. Give one concret
4、e example.vcross-culture communicationvPlease see the following pictures to figure out the differences between German and Chinese. try to figure out the meaning of the following gestures language: FacepalmThis gesture indicates stupidity, usually a minor and immediately recognized slip of logic, jud
5、gment, or speech; and is performed by striking the forehead with the heel of the hand. Performed without the strike by simply covering the face with a hand, it means self-shame or bad memory (something forgotten).vThis is recognized as a request for immediate first aid for choking. It is promoted as
6、 a way to prevent onlookers from confusing the victims distress with some other problem, such as a heart attack, when the person cannot speak. The gesture is sometimes used metaphorically to refer to someone or something choking in the slang sense of failing at something while under pressure, for in
7、stance at an athletic event. It is also sometimes used as a sign of anger or frustration and refers to the desire to choke or strangle someone.vI-love-you signvI Love YouvMade using a combination of the letters I, L, and Y from American Sign Language. It is made by extending the thumb, index finger,
8、 and little finger while the middle and ring finger touch the palm.vThis is also the symbol used to curse someone in Italian culturevTwiddle ones thumbsvto circle ones thumbs around one another, usually with the fingers interlaced, usually done idly while waiting or bored.vForce (Pointing with an ex
9、tended finger is offensive in many cultures.) worried indecision or indifferencevAmerican: OK vJapanese: money vFrench: zero or worthless vTunisian: Ill kill youReading 1Is there a society in which everything is edible? Why? Make some examples of culture influencing food eating? How did people suppo
10、rt themselves for most of the time on earth during the food eating development? Whats the feature of such kind of living? What is pastoralism? Where is it suitable to be used? How can different cultures live harmoniously in the same environment? Which kind of people can be representatives of such ha
11、rmonious relationships as among Kohistanis, Pathans, and Gujars? What are the different interpretation of Hindu taboo on eating beef? Please explain “ecological adaptation” in the context of Hindu taboo. Whats the biological explanation of Chinese aversion to milk? Language ExplanationvPara.1v“No so
12、ciety views everything in its environment that is edible and might provide nourishment as food: Certain edibles are ignored, others are tabooed.”vNo society views that everything can be eaten and might offer nourishment as food in whatever environment: some things are neglected that they can be eate
13、n while others are avoided intentionally.vResort to: to make use of sth, especially sth bad, as a means of achieving sth, often because there is no other possible solutionve.g. They felt obliged to resort to violence. 他们觉得有必要诉诸暴力。他们觉得有必要诉诸暴力。 ve.g. We may have to resort to using untrained staff. 我们也
14、许只能使用未受过训我们也许只能使用未受过训练的员工了。练的员工了。 Cannibalism vCannibalism was widespread in the past among humans throughout the world, and it continued into the 19th century in some isolated South Pacific cultures. Neanderthals are believed to have practiced cannibalism. Among modern humans it has been practiced
15、by various groups. In the past, it has been practiced by humans in Europe, South America, India, New Zealand, North America, Australia, the Solomon Islands, parts of West Africa and Central Africa, some of the islands of Polynesia, New Guinea, Sumatra, and Fiji, usually in rituals connected to triba
16、l warfare. Fiji was once known as the Cannibal Isles. Evidence of cannibalism has been found in the Chaco Canyon ruins of the Anasazi culture.vUnsubstantiated reports of cannibalism disproportionately relate cases of cannibalism among cultures that are already otherwise despised, feared, or are litt
17、le known. In antiquity, Greek reports of cannibalism were related to distant non-Hellenic barbarians. All South Sea Islanders were cannibals so far as their enemies were concerned. When the whaleship Essex was rammed and sunk by a whale in 1820, the captain opted to sail 3000 miles upwind to Chile r
18、ather than 1400 miles downwind to the Marquesas because he had heard the Marquesans were cannibals. Ironically many of the survivors of the shipwreck resorted to cannibalism in order to survive.Word formation:vPara.3 mountainous v-ous: having the nature or quality of 有有性质性质的的ve.g. poisonous courageo
19、us dangerous advantageous有利的（有利的（advantage利益）利益） zealous热心的（热心的（zeal热情）热情） prosperous 繁荣的繁荣的（pro在前在前+sper希望希望+ous） rigorous严厉的（严厉的（rigor严格）严格） timorous 胆小的胆小的（timor胆怯）胆怯） lustrous 有光泽的（有光泽的（luster光泽）光泽） circuitous 迂回迂回的（的（circuit迂回，循环）迂回，循环） luminous 发光的，易懂的（发光的，易懂的（lumin亮光，流明亮光，流明光的单光的单位位）vPara.4 h
20、orticulturev-culture: the growing of plants or breeding of particular animals in order to get a particular substance or crop from them 种植；种植；栽培；养殖；培育栽培；养殖；培育ve.g. mariculture: the cultivation of marine organisms in their natural environment海洋海洋生物养殖；海鱼养殖；海产养殖；海水养殖生物养殖；海鱼养殖；海产养殖；海水养殖vfloriculture: the
21、 cultivation and management of ornamental and especially flowering plants花艺；种花；花卉栽培；种花业花艺；种花；花卉栽培；种花业vanthropologistvanthrop-: related with human beingsve.g. Please guess the meaning of anthropotomy v(-otomy: The suffix -otomy, used in medicine and other fields, means to cut or to separate.)v人体解剖学vP
22、ara.5 vinhabit: to live in a particular place 居住在；栖居于 ve.g. some of the rare species that inhabit the area 生活在这个地区的一些罕见物种 vThe island used to be inhabited(= have people living here). 这个岛过去曾经有人居住。 vPara.6v“Some of these food habits appear on the surface to be irrational and detrimental to the existen
23、ce of the group.”vSuperficially, some of these food habits are not based on logical reason and have a harmful effect on the existence of the group which keeps those habits.v“Thus the religious taboo on eating beef strengthens the ability of the society to maintain itself in the long run.”vThe famili
24、es in India dont kill cows in order to keep the source of bullocks which are essential farming animals, so that its possible for them to conquer famine and keep living. The religious taboo strengthen their belief of not killing cows, the society has enough bullocks to farm the land and it can mainta
25、in itself in a long period of time in the future.vPara.7vScare: intended to cause fear吓唬人的吓唬人的ve.g. The newspapers have been printing scare stories about a possible war.v报纸上一直在刊登骇人的关于可能发生战争的报报纸上一直在刊登骇人的关于可能发生战争的报道。道。Reading 2vWhat did the professor find on the first day of class when teaching in a B
26、razilian university? vWhat and who did the professor decide to study? vDo Brazilian students leave immediately when the class is finished? vHow is lateness viewed in American culture? And how is it viewed in Brazilian culture? vWhat did the professor learn as a result of his study? vCulture:vMonochr
27、onicity & polychronicity vPost-reading discussion:vIn Chinese culture, if class is scheduled at 8 o-clock in the morning, when do you arrive?vWhat do you think of punctuality? Is it very important in the Chinese culture?vIf you are meeting someone, will you be there a little earlier or a little late
28、r?vHow long will you wait if the person ou are meeting is late? Why?Reading 3vCulture shock refers to the anxiety and feelings (of surprise, disorientation, uncertainty, confusion, etc.) felt when people have to operate within a different and unknown cultural or social environment, such as a foreign
29、 country. It grows out of the difficulties in assimilating the new culture, causing difficulty in knowing what is appropriate and what is not. This is often combined with a dislike for or even disgust (moral or aesthetical) with certain aspects of the new or different culture.Phases of culture shock
30、vThe shock (of moving to a foreign country) often consists of distinct phases, though not everyone passes through these phases and not everyone is in the new culture long enough to pass through all three:Honeymoon Phase- During this period the differences between the old and new culture are seen in
31、a romantic light, wonderful and new. For example, in moving to a new country, an individual might love the new foods, the pace of the life, the peoples habits, the buildings and so on. During the first few weeks most people are fascinated by the new culture. They associate with the nationals that sp
32、eak their language and are polite to the foreigners. This period is full of observations and new discoveries. Like many honeymoons this stage eventually ends.2 Negotiation Phase- After some time (usually weeks), differences between the old and new culture become apparent and may create anxiety. One
33、may long for food the way it is prepared in ones native country, may find the pace of life too fast or slow, may find the peoples habits annoying, disgusting, and irritating etc. This phase is often marked by mood swings caused by minor issues or without apparent reason. This is where excitement tur
34、ns to disappointment and more and more differences start to occur.3 Depression is not uncommon. Adjustment Phase- Again, after some time (usually 6 12 months), one grows accustomed to the new culture and develops routines. One knows what to expect in most situations and the host country no longer fe
35、els all that new. One becomes concerned with basic living again, and things become more normal.One starts to develop problem-solving skills for dealing with the culture, and begins to accept the culture ways with a positive attitude. The culture begins to make sense, and negative reactions and respo
36、nses to the culture are reduced. Reaching this stage requires a constructive response to culture shock with effective means of adaption.Reverse Culture ShockvAlso, Reverse Culture Shock may take place returning to ones home culture after growing accustomed to a new one can produce the same effects a
37、s described above. This results from the psychosomatic and psychological consequences of the readjustment process to the primary culture. The affected person often finds this more surprising and difficult to deal with than the original culture shock.vWhats the authors attitude towards the alien cult
38、ure at first? vWhy do Americans have high rates of heart attacks and obesity? vWhy is divorce rate lower in Korea than in America? vWhat do Koreans and Americans have in common? vWhats the authors attitude towards cultural differences at last? Language ExplanationvPara.1vApprehensive: worried or fri
39、ghtened that sth unpleasant may happenve.g. You have no reason to be apprehensive of the future. 你没有理由忧虑未来。你没有理由忧虑未来。vPara.2vThe MayflowervThe Mayflower is the ship that brought the Pilgrims清教徒清教徒 from England to New England in 1620. After a two-month voyage, the ship sighted land (Cape Cod) on Nov.
40、 19. Some time was spent in selecting a suitable place for the colony, and on Dec. 26 the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth.vSettle: 1. to make a place your permanent home 定居定居 ve.g. She settled in Vienna after her fathers death. 父亲死后，她就在维也纳定居了。父亲死后，她就在维也纳定居了。 v2. of a group of people to make your permane
41、nt home in a country or an area as colonists 殖民；作为移民在殖民地定居殖民；作为移民在殖民地定居 ve.g. This region was settled by the Dutch in the nineteenth century. 荷兰人于十九世纪来到这荷兰人于十九世纪来到这一地区定居。一地区定居。vPara.3vMild: of a flavour not strong, spicy or bitter 不浓的；淡味的不浓的；淡味的v“make their own from old family recipes”vFollow the ol
42、d recipes passed down in the family for generations and make their own Kimchi.vTV dinner: A TV dinner is a complete meal that is sold in a single container. It can be heated up quickly and eaten from the container it is cooked in. vPara.4v“despite or because of arranged marriages”vDespite: people ma
43、y consider the arranged marriages as the ones that are lacking in love and the people in such marriages are more likely to divorce, but it isnt true.vBecause of: the arranged marriages themselves may be just the reason for the low divorce rate because the traditional Korean families attach importanc
44、e to family bonds in which family decisions such as arranged marriages are respected.vPara.6v“accept cultural differences as unique values”vconsider cultural differences as important and deem it as treasures belonging to youReading 4vWhy did the author and her brother go the Chinese school? vWere th
45、ey willing to go to the Chinese school? Which words help you to judge this question? vHow did the author describe the principle of the Chinese school? vWhy did the author think that Chinese was a source of embarrassment? vWhy did the author and her brother hold different attitudes to Chinese and Eng
46、lish? vPara.2vNew coat of paint: new layer of paint vStoically: In a stoical manner; ability to suffer pain and hardship without showing feeling or complaint; seeming unaffected by pleasure or painv“No amount of kicking, screaming, or pleading could dissuade my mother, who was solidly determined to
47、have us learn the language of our heritage.”vNo amount of: used for saying that sth will have no effectve.g. No amount of encouragement would make him jump into the pool. 再怎样鼓励，他也不肯往游泳池里跳。再怎样鼓励，他也不肯往游泳池里跳。vKick against/at sth.: to be strongly unwilling to obey or act in accordance with sth.ve.g. At
48、school he always kicked against authority.vPlead: to ask sb for sth in a very strong and serious way 乞求；恳求乞求；恳求vWas solidly determined: made up her mindvLearn the language of our heritage: learn the language which deeply rooted from our own culturevPara.3v“depositing our defiant tearful faces before
49、 the stern principal”vBringing us to the very serious and strict principal though we were not willing at all.vPara.5vKowtow 叩头叩头vPara.5vMoc but: 毛笔毛笔Other loanwords in English:vLychee或或litche （1588年来自年来自“荔枝荔枝”）vYin yang （1671年来自年来自“阴阳阴阳”） vFeng shui （1797年来自年来自“风水风水”）、）、vTai chi （1736年来自年来自“太极太极”） 、
50、vYamen （1747年来自年来自“衙门衙门”）v Tao （1736年来自年来自“道道”）v Kowtow （1804年来自年来自“叩头叩头”）、）、vTofu （1880年来自年来自“豆腐豆腐”）、）、 vKylin （1857年来自年来自“麒麟麒麟”）、）、vTaipan（大商行的總經理）（大商行的總經理） （1834年来自年来自“大班大班”） vChop-suey （1888年来自年来自“杂碎杂碎”） vKung fu （1966年来自年来自“功夫功夫”）、）、vHo-ho bird （1901年来自年来自“凤凰凤凰”）v Mahjong或或Mah-jong （1920年来自年来自“
51、麻将麻将”）、）、vDim sum （1948年来自年来自“点心点心”）、）、 vWok （1952年来自年来自“镬（炒锅）镬（炒锅）”）、）、vBok choy （1938年来自年来自“白菜白菜”，比，比Pe-tsai常用）、常用）、vWon ton （1948年来自年来自“云吞云吞”）、）、 vChow mein （1903年来自年来自“炒面炒面”）。）。vYum cha （2004年来自年来自“饮茶饮茶”）。）。v“After all, I could do the multiplication tables, name the satellites of Mars, and write
52、 reports on Little Women and Black Beauty. Nancy Drew, my favorite book heroine, never spoke Chinese.”vThough I have had the basic math and language ability, I know nothing about Chinese.vPara.7vOutshout : shout louder thanvOut-: greater, better, further, longer, etc. 超超越；超过越；超过ve.g. outnumber 在数量上压
53、倒在数量上压倒 voutwit 在智慧上胜过在智慧上胜过 voutgrow 长得比长得比快快 voutlive 活得比活得比长长 vrefinement: the quality of being polite and well educated and able to judge the quality of things; the state of having the sort of manners that are considered typical of a high social class 优雅；礼貌；有教养优雅；礼貌；有教养vpedestrian: 1. A pedestri
54、an is a person who is walking, especially in a town or city, rather than travelling in a vehicle. ve.g. pedestrian streetv2. If you describe something as pedestrian, you mean that it is ordinary and not at all interesting. without any imagination or excitement; dullvPara.9vPidgin speech: (guess from
55、 the following sentence) smatterings of Chinese scattered like chop suey in her conversation. vIn exasperation: (guess from the repetition of “what is it”) impatient and extremely annoyedvPara.11v“I finally was granted a cultural divorce.”vMy mother gradually accepted the fact that we were more identified ourselves with American culture though we are the descendents of Chinese.Addyourcompanyslogan结束结束
