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1、一、句子成分初中英语句子成分概念：组成句子的各个部分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语宾语补足语、定语和状语，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。初中英语句子成分主语主语（subject）: 句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首The sun rises in the east. （名词）（名词） He likes dancing. （代词）（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）（动名词） 初中英语句子成分To see is t
2、o believe. （不定式）（不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.形式主语形式主语真正主语真正主语 It=that the elephant is round and tall like a tree初中英语句子成分在个别句型中，为了避免头重脚轻避免头重脚轻，这时前面用it 作形式主语形式主语。如：Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegame.Ittooktwoworkersaboutthree
3、monthstobuildthehouse.初中英语句子成分1.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主语！不能做主语！初中英语句子成分找出下面句子的主语找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主语小测主语小测初中英语句子成分谓语谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用
4、动词或者动词词组主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。担任，放在主语的后面。Iloveyou!Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.初中英语句子成分Theplanetookoffat10oclock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidntyoucomebacklastnight?注意：一个简单句中只有一个谓语注意：一个简单句中只有一个谓语,可以有各种时态和语态。（可以有各种时态和语态。（p13）初中英语句子成分Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcough.情态动词情态动
5、词助动词助动词+ v初中英语句子成分Open the door, please!Go and get some water for me.Dont laugh at others!Dont come back late tonight. 祈使句：祈使句： 1.省略主语省略主语you 2.谓语动词用原形谓语动词用原形初中英语句子成分谓语动词有两种： 实义动词：meet move see finish pick . 系动词：be (am is are .) 初中英语句子成分其其 它它系动词系动词感官：感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look 变化：变化：become,
6、get, turn, go, come, grow 持续：持续：remain, stay, keep 初中英语句子成分谓语总结谓语总结：说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。由动词充当动词充当 (实义动词和系动词）实义动词和系动词）初中英语句子成分表语表语（predicative）：说明主语是什说明主语是什么或怎么样，位于系动词后面么或怎么样，位于系动词后面。My favorite subject is English.Thousands of people became homeless.The Forbidden City is at the centre of Beijing.My happi
7、ness is to serve people heart and soul.My hobby is collecting stamps.My belief is that our country will become stronger and stronger.初中英语句子成分 宾语宾语（object）：动宾表示行为的对：动宾表示行为的对 象，象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。放在及物动词或者介词之后。IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.IenjoyworkingwithyouIhopetoseeyouagain.Didyouw
8、ritedownwhathesaid?初中英语句子成分介介词后面的后面的宾语：介介宾注意：人称代注意：人称代词要用要用宾格格Idecidedtogowith_.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.she初中英语句子成分Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.间接接宾语(sb)+直接直接宾语(sth)：双双宾初中英语句子成分双宾语可以进行下面的改写:(p10) Mr Wang teaches us English.- Mr Wang teaches English to us. Mum bought me a gift. - Mum
9、bought a gift for me.初中英语句子成分划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.Didheleaveanymessageforme?初中英语句子成分IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.形式宾语形式宾语真正宾语真正宾语初中英语句子成分宾语的补足语宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有
10、宾语并不能表达在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。语才能表达完整的意思。（补充说明宾语的（补充说明宾语的状态、身份、特征）状态、身份、特征）初中英语句子成分Ifyouletmego,Illmakeyouking.Dontmakeyourhandsdirty.WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome.Isawagirlgointothebuilding.Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.Thebosskep
11、tthemworkingallday.Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.初中英语句子成分ShecameShelikesEnglish.SheishappyShegaveJohnabookSheboughtabookforme.ShemakeshermotherangryTheteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.初中英语句子成分定语定语: 用来修饰名词或代词。用来修饰名词或代词。Theblackbikeismine. Whatsyourname? TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeOne.Ihavelotsto
12、eatanddrink.ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.初中英语句子成分状语状语：状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。：状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。表示动作的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度、条件表示动作的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度、条件Hediditcarefully.Theymissedmeverymuch.Withouthishelp,wecouldntworkitout.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.WhenIwasyoung,Icouldswimwell.初中英语句子成分He to
13、ld me the news.that the match had been cancelled.宾语宾语when he was leaving for Paris.宾语从句宾语从句初中英语句子成分the peoplesurprised That What he saidwhat he did主语主语in the room.定语定语who were sitting in the room.whose sons were at war.主语主语从句从句定语定语从句从句初中英语句子成分Thatis the fact.表表 语语what he needs.why he was late.becaus
14、e he was ill.表表 语语从句从句初中英语句子成分He worked in that factory three years ago.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语where his father workedin that factorywhen he lived there地点状语地点状语从句从句时间状语时间状语从句从句初中英语句子成分指出下列各从句的类型指出下列各从句的类型vIbelievethat everything is going on well.vShewasreadinganovelwhen I came in.vSheisthegirlwho sings bes
15、t in my class.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从定语从句句初中英语句子成分二、句子类型初中英语句子成分1 主语主语谓语谓语 Shecame.2 2 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语 ShelikesEnglish.3 3 主语系动词表主语系动词表语语Sheishappy.4 4 主语主语谓语谓语+ +间宾间宾+ +直宾直宾Shegavemeabook 5 5 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语补语宾语宾语补语 Shemakeshermotherangry. 简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型初中英语句子成分并并列列句句常用并列连词常用并列连词平行并列连词平行并列连词:转折并列连词：转折并
16、列连词：因果并列连词因果并列连词:选择并列连词选择并列连词:and, bothand, not onlybut also, but, however, for, soor, either.or, neither. nor初中英语句子成分用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句He was tired, so he went to bed.1. Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2. Mr Wang is a boss. He hires two secretaries.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep
17、 it.He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. Mr Wang is a boss, and he hires two secretaries.初中英语句子成分动词的时态和语态初中英语句子成分谓语谓语I. 时态时态 现在现在1) He doesnt work in this factory.2) Is Tom watching TV in the sitting-room now?3) They have learned three English songs already.4) We have been learning English for a
18、lmost two years since Mr. Brown taught us.初中英语句子成分过去过去1) I didnt go there for some food yesterday.2) They were doing their homework when I entered their classroom.3) Before he arrived at the cinema, the film had been on for four minutes.4) He said he would come here to help us.初中英语句子成分 将来将来 1) Will
19、they visit the museum next Sunday?2) I will be waiting for you at the school gate at 5 oclock tomorrow evening.3) She will have finished the report by the end of next month.初中英语句子成分II. 语态语态基本结构 be + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词现在1) Our bedroom is often kept clean every day.2) Is our car being repaired in the gara
20、ge now?3) The building over there has been built. 初中英语句子成分过去过去1) Was this dictionary bought last Tuesday?2) The performance was being given in the street when I was passing by.3) The operation had been carried out on Tom before his parents got to the hospital.4) The manager said that the goods would
21、 be sent to the chain-shops as soon as possible.将来将来1) A new chemical factory will be built among the hills far away from our town.初中英语句子成分被动语态初中英语句子成分高考题点击：高考题点击：1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.(94N)A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted2.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_
22、bythehour.(98N)A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay说明说明：集邮册只能被完成，且在before从句中没有将来时，故只能选D。说明说明：该句的意思为“在大城市中清洁女工的工资通常是按小时支付的。”很明显该用被动语态。DC初中英语句子成分3.Booksofthiskind_well.(99上海)A.sellB.sellsC.aresoldD.issold4.Hundredsofjobs_ifthefactorycloses.(01北京春)A.loseB.willbelost C.arelostD.willlose说明说明：sell既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，当用
23、作“销售情况如何”时，sell为不及物动词，故没有被动语态。类似的词还有：wash,translate,write等。说明说明：losejob为“失业”，job只能被失去，且动作应该发生在将来。AB初中英语句子成分5.Anewcinema_here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.(2001北京春季)A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt6.Thenewsuspensionbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.(2001上海)A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesigned
24、C.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned说明说明：从后句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的是现在进行时态的被动语态的动词形式。说明说明：bytheendof短语一般都与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。DB初中英语句子成分7.ThisisTedsphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_whenhetriedtosaveachildintheearthquake.(2002北京春季)A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilled D.waskilling8.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho_forthespoiledchild.(2002上海)A.i
25、stoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblame说明说明：不要被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽，在地震中抢救小孩并献身的动作只能在过去。说明说明：betoblame是固定结构，不能用被动语态。该句是一个强调句型。CA初中英语句子成分9.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.(2002上海春季)A.cutB.arecut C.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut说明说明：该句的意思为“雨林正在以如此快的速度被砍伐和烧
26、毁以至于在不久的将来它们就会消失。”从语境中可以看出应该使用现在进行时。况且进行时可以表达出说话人的一种特殊的情感。说话人是想呼吁人们停止乱砍乱烧雨林，给人们提出的一种警告。C初中英语句子成分(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisanoldmancominghere.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.初中英语
27、句子成分(二).选出句中谓语的中心词Idontlikethepictureonthewall.A.dontB.likeC.pictureD.wallThedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summerDoyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.busTherewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoonDidthetwinshaveporridge
28、fortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfastTomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didntC.doD.hishomeworkWhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.isWehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctorHeisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.musicWhomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book初
29、中英语句子成分三)挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.ABCDPeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.ABCDYoumustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.ABCDHowmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?ABCDSomeofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?ABCDTheoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.ABCDTheymadehimmonitorof
30、theclass.ABCDGoacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.ABCDYouwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.ABCDTheydidntknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis.ABCD初中英语句子成分(四)挑出下列句中的表语Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.ABCDWhyisheworriedaboutJim?ABCDTheleaveshaveturnedyellow.ABCDSoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubj
31、ect.ABCDShewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.ABCD初中英语句子成分(五)挑出下列句中的定语TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.ABCDWhatisyourgivenname?ABCDOnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.ABCDIamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.ABCDThemandownstairswastryingtosleep.ABCDIamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!ABCD初中英语句子成分(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补
32、足语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooks.ABCHeaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.ABCDShefounditdifficulttodothework.ABCDTheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCDIsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABCDDidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplayground?ABC初中英语句子成分(七)挑出下列句中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.ABCDEverynightheheardthenoi
33、seupstairs.ABCDHebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.ABCDThemanonthemotorbikewastravellingtofast.ABCDWiththemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.ABCDShelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.ABCDIamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ABCDThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.ABCD初中英语句子成分
