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1、Grammar and usageGrammar and usageLead inHong Kong _ to China in 1997.returnedMacao _ to China in 1999.returnedHong Kong _to China before Macao came back to China.had returnedThe simple past tense talks about a past action. When something happens at an even earlier time in the past, we use the past
2、perfect tensePast perfect tensehad done-PresentPast(Monday) build a gardenclean the houseI _ the house before I _ a garden on Friday.had cleaned builtFriday The following is what I did last week.More examples of the Past perfect tense1. When we got to the station, the train had left. 2. By the end o
3、f last year, my brother had been a soldier for 10 years.3. Before Tony went to work, he had finished reading the novel. 4. Not until 10 years later did she know, the diamond she had borrowed was just made of glass. Hello!PresentPastWe hid the entrance to the tomb. Carter said they had hidden the ent
4、rance to the tomb. The past perfect tense used in indirect speech“We hid the entrance to the tomb. ”said Carter. Carter said that they had hidden the entrance to the tomb. Hello!More examples of the past perfect tense used in reporter speech1. Kate said, “I finished reading the comic book.” Kate sai
5、d that she had finished reading the comic book. 2. Jimmy said, “I went to Asia two weeks ago.” Jimmy said that he had gone to Asia two weeks before. 3. “Did you stay up late last night?” Mr. Ben asked. Mr. Ben asked whether I had stayed up late the night before. The past perfect tense doesnt mean th
6、e past action happened a long time ago. I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum. Antonio went swimming after he had reached home from work. Shylock had left the hotel when we got there. Time expressions often used with the past perfect tense.when, after, before, as soon as, u
7、ntil, since, by, for and alreadyThe structure of the past perfect tensehad done / had been done 1. I _ already _ Chinese for nearly 3 years before I came to this small town. (teach)2. I _ to come, but something happened. (mean)had had meanttaught3. Mess _ of the house before his parents came back. (
8、Make)4. Little Tom _ to the hospital after Mum returned from work. (send) had been madehad been sentpresentPresent perfect or past perfect?The present perfect tense is used when we are talking about a past event which relates to the present time. The past perfect tense is used when we are discussing
9、 the past and want to talk about an even earlier event.Practice1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived 2. We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year. A. had learned B. have
10、 learned C. learned D. will have learned 3. (NMET2010春季北京）春季北京）When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He _ her before. A. never saw B. had never seen C. never sees D. has never seen4. (NMET2010春季北京春季北京) I cant see any coffee in this cupboard. _? A. Has it all been finished B. Was
11、it all finished C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finished5. (NMET2010 春季北京春季北京) _my sister three times today but her line was always busy. A. Id phoned B. Ive been phoning C. Ive phoned D. I was phoning6. -The window is dirty. - I know. It _ for weeks. (NMET2009全国卷全国卷I) A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt
12、 clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned7. (NMET2009北京北京) The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006. A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed8. (2009上海上海) The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945,
13、and their power _ increased enormously ever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been9. (NMET2008江苏）江苏）More patients _ in hospital this year than last year. A. Treated B. have treated C. have been treated D. have been treated10. (NMET2008江苏江苏) They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ it as no good results have come out so far. A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working
