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1、Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-0Electric Machinery and Drive Fall Semester 2009Dept. of Electrical EngineeringCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-1PowerPoint Slidesto accompanyElectri
2、c MachineryFourth EditionStephen J. ChapmanChapter 1Introduction to Machinery PrinciplesCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-2Objectives To instill an understanding of the underlying electromagnetic effects permitting electric machine operation
3、and introduce basic machine types To describe the construction of these machines To examine the main types of these machines To be skilled in analyzing the characteristic of these machinesIntroduction and OverviewCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or displ
4、ay.1-3Reference Books 1.Theodore Wildi. Electrical Machines, Drives, and Power Systems (Fifth Edition) Pearson Education. 2002 2. A. E. Fitzgerald, Charles Kingsley, Jr., Stephen D. Umans Electric Machinery (Sixth Edition) McGraw-Hill.2003 3. 李发海 王岩. 电机与拖动基础 北京：清华大学出版社，1994. 4. 顾绳谷. 电机及拖动基础(上、下册) 北京
5、：机械工业出版社，19805. 汤蕴缪 史乃. 电机学 第二版 北京：机械工业出版社，2005.16. 姚舜才付 巍 赵耀霞 电机学与电力拖动技术 北京：国防工业出版社，2006.1Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-4What is an Electric-Machine Drive?Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or
6、display.1-5Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-6Type of Electrical MachinesEMMotorGeneratorDC MotorAC MotorSeparately ExcitedNon-Separately ExcitedSeriesShuntCompoundSynchronousAsynchronousSingle PhaseDouble PhaseThree PhaseDC GeneratorAC Gener
7、atorCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-7Angular PositionAngular VelocityAngular AccelerationCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-8Torque T T=(Force Applied) (Perpendicular Distance) =(F)(r
8、 sin )Newtons Law of Rotation T=JWork WPower PCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-9Electric Drives An electric drive is a system that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy Parts: electric motor (or several) control system (including s
9、oftware) Constant-speed drives only a start/stop and protection system in addition to the electric motor Variable-speed drives (VSDs) include an electronic power converterCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-10Electric Drive and the Surrounding
10、SystemCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-11Acceleration of Inertial Mass Torque needed for accelerating the moment of inertia J: Moment of inertia ofa thin-walled cylinderCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reprod
11、uction or display.1-12 Moment of inertia of a solid cylinderEquation of MotionCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-13 Inertia J is a theoretical parameter. In engineering, Fly Wheel GD2 is used to replace inertia. That is： Copyright The McGraw-H
12、ill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Simple magnetic circuit.Figure 1.11-14Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Magnetic circuit with air gap.Figure 1-31-15Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission require
13、d for reproduction or display.1-16Production of a Magnetic Field Amperes Law H =magnetic field intensity (Ampere-turns per meter) B=magnetic flux density/ intensity of magnetic induction =magnetic permeabilityCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1
14、-17Magnetic fluxMagnetomotiveMagnetic reluctanceCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-18Analogy between electric and magnetic circuits. (a) Electric circuit, (b) magnetic circuit.Figure 1-4Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission requ
15、ired for reproduction or display.1-19Kirchhoffs Law in Magnetic CircuitCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-20lINCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-21Air-gap fringing fields.Figure 1-6Copy
16、right The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-22Simple synchronous machine.Figure 1-9Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-23(a) Magnetic circuit and (b) equivalent circuit for Example 1.3.Figure 1.6Copyr
17、ight The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-24MATLAB plot of inductance vs. relative permeability for Example 1.5.Figure 1.7Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-25Magnetic circuit with two windings.Figu
18、re 1.8Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-26B-H loops for M-5 grain-oriented electrical steel 0.012 in thick. Only the top halves of the loops are shown here. (Armco Inc.)Figure 1-10Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required
19、for reproduction or display.1-27Dc magnetization curve for M-5 grain-oriented electrical steel 0.012 in thick. (Armco Inc.)Figure 1.10Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-28Excitation phenomena. (a) Voltage, flux, and exciting current; (b) corre
20、sponding hysteresis loop.Figure 1.11Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-29Exciting rms voltamperes per kilogram at 60 Hz for M-5 grain-oriented electrical steel 0.012 in thick. (Armco Inc.)Figure 1-10Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Pe
21、rmission required for reproduction or display.1-30Hysteresis loop; hysteresis loss is proportional to the loop area (shaded).Figure 1-11Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-31Core loss at 60 Hz in watts per kilogram for M-5 grain-oriented electr
22、ical steel 0.012 in thick. (Armco Inc.)Figure 1.14Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-32Laminated steel core with winding for Example 1.8.Figure 1.15Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-33(
23、a) Second quadrant of hysteresis loop for Alnico 5;(b) second quadrant of hysteresis loop for M-5 electrical steel; (c) hysteresis loop for M-5 electrical steel expanded for small B. (Armco Inc.)Figure 1.16Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-34
24、Magnetic circuit for Example 1.9.Figure 1.17Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-35Magnetic circuit for Example 1.10.Figure 1.18Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-36Magnetization curves fo
25、r common permanent-magnet materials.Figure 1.19Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-37Magnetic circuit including both a permanent magnet and an excitation winding.Figure 1.20Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for repro
26、duction or display.1-38Portion of a B-H characteristic showing a minor loop and a recoil line.Figure 1.21Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-39Magnetic circuit for Example 1.11.Figure 1.22Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission req
27、uired for reproduction or display.1-40(a) Magnetization curve for Alnico 5 for Example 1.11; (b) series of load lines for Ag = 2 cm2 and varying of values of i showing the magnetization procedure for Example 1.11. Figure 1.23(a)(b)Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for rep
28、roduction or display.1-41Magnetic circuit for Problem 1.1.Figure 1.24Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-42Magnetic circuit for Problem 1.6.Figure 1.25Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-4
29、3Magnetic circuit for Problem 1.9.Figure 1.26Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-44Inductor for Problem 1.12.Figure 1.27Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-45Pot-core inductor for Problem
30、1.15.Figure 1.28Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-46Inductor for Problem 1.17.Figure 1.29Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-47Toroidal winding for Problem 1.19.Figure 1.30Copyright The
31、McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-48Iron-core inductor for Problem 1.20.Figure 1.31Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-49Magnetic circuit for Problem 1.22.Figure 1.32Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companie
32、s, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-50Symmetric magnetic circuit for Problem 1.23.Figure 1.33Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-51Reciprocating generator for Problem 1.24.Figure 1.34Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, In
33、c. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-52Configuration for measurement of magnetic properties of electrical steel.Figure 1.35Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-53Magnetic circuit for Problem 1.28.Figure 1.36Copyright The McGraw-H
34、ill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-54Magnetic circuit for the loudspeaker of Problem 1.34 (voice coil not shown).Figure 1.37Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-55Magnetic circuit for Problem 1.35. Figure 1.38C
35、opyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-56Production of Induced Force On a Wirei=magnitude of current in the wireB=magnetic flux density vectorl= length of conductor in the magnetic fieldCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required
36、for reproduction or display.1-57Induced Voltage On a Conductor Moving In a Magnetic Fieldv=velocity of the wireB=magnetic flux density vectorl= length of conductor in the magnetic fieldCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-58Three Phase PowerThe
37、instantaneous total power is constant!Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-59Three Phase PowerReal Power per phase isP = Vp Ip cos()Real Power for all three phases isP = 3 Vp Ip cos()Since for a balanced load the power is constantP(t) = 3 Vp Ip
38、cos() alsoPower in Terms of Line QuantitiesP = 3 Vll Ill cos()Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1-60Three Phase Reactive Power QTotal supply Volt Amps product (VA) isVA = 3 Vll IllReactive power Q is the Quantity making up the difference between VA and PowerQ = 3 Vll Ill sin()Thus VA2 = P2 + Q2Q is a measure of the energy storage capability of the circuitFor the greatest Power per amp of supply the Power Factor should be Unity and Q should be zero
