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1、 谓语用来说明主语的动作或状态，由谓语用来说明主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词词组担任。动词或动词词组担任。及物动词及物动词不及物动词不及物动词连系动词连系动词情态动词情态动词动词可分为动词可分为: 需要跟有宾语的动词叫及物动词，需要跟有宾语的动词叫及物动词，及物动词后可跟一个宾语、直接宾语及物动词后可跟一个宾语、直接宾语和间接宾语或一个宾语带宾语补足语。和间接宾语或一个宾语带宾语补足语。例如：例如：及物动词及物动词 直接宾语直接宾语 Children seek independence. The trial raised a number of questions. He made the s
2、hortest speech I have ever heard. A couple were having a drink at a table by the window. He took photographs of Vita in her summer house.直接宾语和间接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语They gave us a wonderfully warm welcome.Mr. Schell wrote a letter the other day to the New York Times.( wrote the New York Times a letter.) I too
3、k out the black box and handed it to her. ( handed her the box.)I had lent my apartment to a friend for the weekend.He left the note for her on the table.一个宾语带宾语补足语。一个宾语带宾语补足语。Williss jokes made her uneasy.Last year they made him captain of the team.The people named the place “Turbo Kutu”.I thought
4、it right to go there without delay.Have you found it difficult to speak?不需要跟宾语的动词叫不及物动词。不需要跟宾语的动词叫不及物动词。Her whole body ached.Donald was lying on the bed.Bob coughed all night.All the leaves have fallen and winter is coming. 有几个不及物动词后可以跟有与之同有几个不及物动词后可以跟有与之同形的名词，这叫同源宾语。形的名词，这叫同源宾语。 They are living a p
5、eaceful life. = They are living peacefully. He died a heroic death.= He died heroically. The girl laughed a merry laugh. = The girl laughed merrily. He sighed a deep sigh. = He sighed deeply.许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及物动词。物动词。Gus asked me whether Id like to have dinner with him. I accepted. (vi
6、.)I accepted the invitation. (vt.)He painted every day. (vi.)He painted vivid portraits of friends and acquaintances. (vt.)He ran as fast as he could. (vi.)She ran a hotel in the centre of the city. (vt.)Father never smoked or drank all his life. (vi.)He drank a good deal of coffee. (vt.)At last she
7、 thanked them and left. (vi.)All I know is that Michael and I never left the house. (vt.)连系动词虽具有词汇意义，但需要带有连系动词虽具有词汇意义，但需要带有表语才能构成动词谓语。例如：表语才能构成动词谓语。例如：The station seems a very small one.They have remained loyal to the government.Their hall was larger than his whole flat.The task of inspecting it pro
8、ved to be exciting and interesting.It sounds unnatural to us.My memories of a London childhood are happy ones.His body was the color of bronze.动词词组或称短语动词，可以扩展或动词词组或称短语动词，可以扩展或改变动词的意义，它们的构成是：改变动词的意义，它们的构成是： 动词动词 + 副词副词 Mary went away for a few days. 动词动词 + 介词介词 The other day I came across a letter fr
9、om Brunei written in the last year of his life. 动词动词 + 副词副词 + 介词介词 You may have come up against unexpected difficulties.情态动词与动词连用构成的谓语。情态动词与动词连用构成的谓语。I must leave very soon.The rich ought to pay tuition fees for their children.You may have heard of him.You should not have done so.下面结合历年高考题对谓语考点进行总下面
10、结合历年高考题对谓语考点进行总结。结。I. 对谓语动词时态的考查对谓语动词时态的考查【考例考例】1. Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? No, I _ my homework all day yesterday. (2010 大纲全国卷大纲全国卷I)A. was doing B. would doC. had done D. do2. When you are home, give a call to let me know you _ safely. (2010 大纲全国卷大纲全国卷I)A. are arriving B. have arrivedC.
11、 had arrived D. will arrive3. Were you surprised by the ending of the film? No, I _ the book, so I already knew the story. (安徽安徽 2010)A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read【考点透视考点透视】 做考查动词时态的试题时，主要根据句做考查动词时态的试题时，主要根据句子提供的语境及句子中的关键信息来判断所子提供的语境及句子中的关键信息来判断所需要的时态。如：例需要的时态。如：例1中，从时间状语中，从时
12、间状语all day yesterday可知应用过去进行时。例可知应用过去进行时。例2中，中，根据题意根据题意“当你到家后，给我来个电话告知当你到家后，给我来个电话告知你已经安全到达你已经安全到达”可知，相对于打电话来说，可知，相对于打电话来说，到家发生在打电话之前，故用现在完成时。到家发生在打电话之前，故用现在完成时。例例3中，根据题意可知，读书发生在看电影中，根据题意可知，读书发生在看电影之前，故用过去完成时。之前，故用过去完成时。II. 对谓语动词语态的考查对谓语动词语态的考查【考例考例】1. This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve
13、 last year. (湖南湖南2010)A. was named B. named C. is named D. names2. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns. (福建福建2010)A. promised B. were promisedC. have promisedD. have been promised3. The discovery of gold in Australia led th
14、ousands to believe that a fortune _. (2010 大纲全国卷大纲全国卷I)A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made【考点透视考点透视】 对谓语动词语态的考查总是和时态的对谓语动词语态的考查总是和时态的考查相结合，所以解题时先根据句子的具考查相结合，所以解题时先根据句子的具体语境确定时态，而后再确定语态。如：体语境确定时态，而后再确定语态。如：例例1中，根据中，根据last year可知用一般过去时，可知用一般过去时，this coastal area与与name之间是被动关系，之间是被动关系
15、，故选故选A项。例项。例2中，根据句意可知用现在中，根据句意可知用现在完成时，完成时，the money-making jobs与与promise之间是被动关系，所以选之间是被动关系，所以选D项。项。例例3中，根据句意及中，根据句意及led，可知应使用过去，可知应使用过去将来时，且将来时，且fortune与与make之间是被动关之间是被动关系，故选系，故选C项。项。III. 对对“系动词系动词 + 表语表语”作谓语的考查作谓语的考查【考例考例】1. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a compl
16、ete stop. (四川四川 2009)A. seated B. seatingC. to seat D. seat2. The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. (2006全国卷全国卷I)A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels 【考点透视考点透视】 系动词系动词be, look, appear, keep, taste, feel, stay, become, remain, go, turn, grow等后接表语一起构成复合谓语。这等后接表语一起构成复合谓语
17、。这些系动词无进行时和被动形式。些系动词无进行时和被动形式。IV. 对对“情态动词情态动词 + 动词原形动词原形/ have done”作谓语的考查作谓语的考查【考例考例】 Jack described his father, who _ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man. (安徽安徽2010)A. would be B. would have beenC. must be D. must have been 【考点透视考点透视】 “情态动词情态动词 + 动词原形动词原形/ have done”作作复合谓语，主要是对情态动词的
18、考查。复合谓语，主要是对情态动词的考查。“情态动词情态动词 + 动词原形动词原形”一般表示动作一般表示动作尚未发生；尚未发生；“情态动词情态动词 + have done”一一般表示对过去发生的情况的推测。般表示对过去发生的情况的推测。should have done / could have done / might have done 还表示还表示“本来应该本来应该/能能够够/可以做，但实际上未做可以做，但实际上未做”。“情态动情态动词词 + have done” 也可用在虚拟语气中。也可用在虚拟语气中。 V. 对对“动词不定式与另外的词动词不定式与另外的词”作谓语的作谓语的考查考查【考例考
19、例】1. In many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _. (四川四川2010)A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with2. We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition. (辽宁辽宁2010)A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found【考点透视考点透视】 be + adj
20、. + to do sth. / be going to do sth. / be supposed to do sth.等都是复合谓等都是复合谓语。对它们的考查主要是考查其后接动词语。对它们的考查主要是考查其后接动词不定式。同时要注意动词不定式根据不同不定式。同时要注意动词不定式根据不同的语境有不同的形式。的语境有不同的形式。一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _ (keep) rising these days.2. I have to go to wo
21、rk by taxi because my car _ (repair) at the garage. 3. What we used to think _ (be) impossible does seem possible now. keepsis being repairedwas4. The moment the 28th Olympic Games _ (declare) open, the whole world cheered. was declared5. The use of credit cards in place of cash _ (increase) in rece
22、nt years.6. Newton _ (explain) the movements of the moon from the attraction of the earth.has increasedhas explained7. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ (phone) to ask how I am going to spend the money. are phoning二、从二、从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。可以填入空白
23、处的最佳选项。1. Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. (四川四川 2010)A. will expect B. will be expectedC. expected D. were expected2. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he _. (安徽安徽 2010)A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy 3. If he _ my advice, he w
24、ouldnt have lost his job. (湖南湖南 2010)A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow4. If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you _ fresh watermelon in the fall. (浙江浙江 2010)A. eat B. would eat C. have eaten D. will be eating5. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount
25、 of time and energy _. (浙江浙江 2010)A. would have been savedB. B. had been savedC. will be saved D. was saved6. It is reported that many a new house _ at present in the disaster area. (陕西陕西 2010)A. are being built B. were being builtC. was being built D. is being built7. Excuse me. I _ I was blocking
26、your way. (2010大纲全国卷大纲全国卷II)A. didnt realize B. dont realize C. havent realized D. wasnt realizing8. John went to the hospital alone. If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him. (天津天津 2010)A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Sanjib Mitra is a man who _ (
27、like) to be responsible and do the right thing.2. Every time he started the car, the wheels _ (sink) deeper into the mud.3. Many new railways _ (build) during the past few years. likessankhave been built4. By the time she gets home, her mother _ (leave) for Beijing to attend a meeting.will have left
