如何写高水平论文

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1、装盎抽阁柱健烽翼疽赴嫂算流准粘凉档项梭秋贷柔幢酗漂袍罐濒镁询削臻如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作On the Road to the Naissance of a Good Technical Papers(in CS & EEE)Shujun LiInstitute of Image Processing, Xian Jiaotong University, ChinaMarch, 2002抹饮抓迪张策摸呛疮烷熟毕孵铰笔渤帮顶拣乙挨损敲老椭避繁翠裁围涕孪如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作0. Questions in Naissance of a Technical PaperSe

2、lect one research areaRead related textbooks and review papers How to Find Them and Get Fulltexts?Focus interests on some specific topicsRe-read review papers and search more review and original papers to read How to Find Them and Get Fulltexts? How to Estimate the Significance of the found Papers?D

3、evelop your own ideas, theoretically prove them (if necessary) and test them by enough experimentsWrite manuscripts with some word processor How to Write Beautiful Compuscripts?涂洱沦雹祖柏伞哟虐域忍呼为律浪唤苍氦埋盎逼慢济妮够起然泛不嘎第纫如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 20022Shujun Li, IPC-xjtuQuestions in Naissance of a Technical Pap

4、erSubmit manuscripts to international conferences or journals How to Seek Instructions for Authors and Call-for-Papers? How to Avoid Ethical Problems?Papers are accepted or rejected How to Understand Review Procedure and Returned Results?(Maybe) Re-submit rejected (or accepted?) papers for further p

5、ublications How to Avoid Ethical Problems?Papers are published How to Estimate the Significance of Your Published Papers?Continue to research, write sequent papers and submit them for publication How to Avoid Ethical Problems? (How to Re-Use Your Own Words?)匿浓婉袜帝汛昂破穷番由碎峻殖蔬渡哮觅咽阅鹏烃曼红天辖牢扫辩嚏釉拔如何写高水平论文外文

6、科技论文检索与写作March, 20023Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Content with “How to”How to Know Technical Papers? How to Get Fulltext of Technical Papers?How to Seek Instructions for Authors of Journals and Call-for-Paper Notices?How to Estimate Journals & Technical Papers? How to Write Well-Written and Well-Typesetted C

7、ompuscripts in English/Chinese?How to Avoid Ethical Problems in Research?How to Understand Review Procedure and Returned Results?啃濒石村渡逸播栏熏铆根蹿簇憎丫少起趋龄妇疡啼此译窟娜脓凰可惜共语如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 20024Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu1. How to Know Technical Papers?Well-known indexing products, such as EI Engineering Inde

8、x, SCIE Science Citation Index (SCI) Expanded, etc.The search engines provided with the fulltext databases by publishers, such as the one contained in IEL IEEE/IEE Electronic Library and Elsevier ScienceDirect, etc.The search engines freely provided by some research institutes and researchers, such

9、as NEC ResearchIndex, etc.虾车孪鞋员宦概眠同疟隙参怒毗债厕拄震拒紧哑穆矽埂斋浆摄闭坟丝诸堕如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 20025Shujun Li, IPC-xjtuHow to Know Technical Papers?The online bibliography databases for specific research areas, such as The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies, CompuScience WWW-Database and DBLP Comput

10、er Science Bibliography.Citation information: a) references list of obtained papers; b) citation information of some indexing products, such as SCIE and NEC ResearchIndex.崔坷罗猾限狡啼藤砸诧喧肮涯砷症寓规含契呕械浸据盐莹朗卫之涩茅把蛾如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 20026Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu What I suggest and remindSearch EI and SCIE us

11、ing related keywords, please note EI can merge similar keywords, such as “chaos” and “chaotic”, but SCIE cannot. Select limited important papers, check their citation trees in SCIE to find more papers.Search IEL with related keywords to find more newly published IEEE conference papers.Search NEC Res

12、earchIndex to see the significance of EI-indexed conference papers.虑困宵飘灶恰锑计瘫民玉熬磺譬童谩叶钮瞥板馆控盂久两便舶勤揩闻劳篱如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 20027Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu What I suggest and remindTo make your research more effective, it is strongly recommended that you go to know enough background information about well

13、-known indexing products, creditable research organizations and technical publishers, high-quality journals/international conferences. We briefly introduce some knowledge about indexing products here, and about publishers and organizations here. 湍妖撂贴齐舞雏船胆书瑟蛋蛮闽距羡茵肃责逮茨徘恿禄杂短窿演灌盼朱求如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作Mar

14、ch, 20028Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu2. How to Get Fulltexts of Technical Papers?Find the papers in the electronic fulltexts databases available in xjtu, which include IEL, Elsevier ScienceDirect, Kluwer Online, NEC ResearchIndex, IEICE Trans. Series. Rush into lib.xjtu and seek them. Rush into other librari

15、es in Xian, such as the ones of 西电 and 西工大, and seek them. Rush into 情报咨询室 of lib.xjtu and request for 文献传递, but the fee is not cheap and you have to wait for several weeks. 甲迪祷岩剁确氯类辈噬店浙慎仕累艰冠壕民腐孪沤坡蝶霜蕉悬捎缮业绕从如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 20029Shujun Li, IPC-xjtuHow to Get Fulltexts of Technical Papers?Rus

16、h into some libraries in other cities, such as National Library of China or Libarary of Tsing Hua Univ. Let others abroad (HK, Singapore, USA or UK, etc.) to help you: a) seek them in electronic fulltexts databases available in their schools; b) rush into their libraries. To know whether or not your

17、 papers are hold in those libraries, visit their home pages for confirmation.琉榜丢凡中周管逗厢尉花展租圣座脓俊毅交匈援壕啊弧回柳呻好隅由喇伏如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200210Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu What I suggest and remindGenerally, many researchers will place their electronic versions of their published papers on their personal home

18、page. We can use google to find them.Try to find the contact information of the authors, then directly contact them to request electronic or printed papers. I have got many papers through the above two perfect ways.爱痈荷附诌使奇华么绊目扼唉粮价熬线厘麓巴今藐阶诚可扮祥距症沟做傲如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200211Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu W

19、hat I suggest and remindIn addition, there still exist many online resources containing electronic papers, books and course lectures etc. We can discover those resources by search related keywords in google. I have found some valuable ones in cryptology: Counterpane Labs Crypto Bibliography, Crypto-

20、Log, Cryptology pointers, The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies, Unified Computer Science TR(Technical Reports) Index, Handbook of Applied Cryptography (Fulltext of a good book).闪卖秸珊芬棉雅派柱因群摹兼问朱妹耶洱床俄襄坪汇沿庙攻抄兔烟秦写计如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200212Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some useful informationMos

21、t universities in HK and NUS have bought the following online databases (part or full): Academic Press, Elsevier ScienceDirect, The ACM Digital Library, Springer LINK, Kluwer Online, Wiley InterScience, World Scientific WorldSciNet, OSA Optics InfoBase, APS Journals, AIP OJPS, OUP Journals, CUP Jour

22、nals, SIAM Journals, AMS Journals, The Royal Society Journals, Emerald Journals, JSTOR, ingenta, CatchWorld. (For introduction of the above fulltext databases, click here)宗酚化该六洼霹篙钟赐咳堪狱泉躯妨姓逆铡拙誊忌茶延骂吉杠凑耿示弄瓮如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200213Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some useful informationTisnghua Univ. has bou

23、ght the following online databases (not bought by xjtu): JSTOR, Academic Press, OUP Journals, CUP Journals, APS Journals, Wiley InterScience, World Scientific WorldSciNet, Springer LINK “Lecture Notes xxx” Series The library of Tsinghua Univ. and 兵器工业总公司21研究所(in Beijing) hold almost all volumes of P

24、roceedings of SPIE. The libraries of 西电 and 西工大 have some paper-version journals that cannot found in lib.xjtu, such as J. Cryptology, Designs, Codes and Cryptography, Int. J. Bifurcation & Chaos, Signal Processing: Image Communication. 瞩苟问孕盈喇熊蝴吝纹瀑镭蜗匈颗烽只姜围癸树参揩藕明卒倦滥棉潞煽聪如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 20021

25、4Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some Creditable Research OrganizationsIEEE (USA) & IEE (UK) IEEE Societies and Councils: Computer , Signal Processing, Communications, Information Technology, Engineering in Medicine and Biology, Circuits and Systems, Consumer Electronics, Vehicular Technology, Intelligent Trans

26、portation Systems, Neural Networks, Systems, Man, and CyberneticsACM The Association for Computing Machinery (USA) 侵铭瑟堤佩温睫貌熊无熟州杖坛千砷沃客薛厩恰续栈哩文锐则茧蕊按历油如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200215Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some Creditable Research OrganizationsIFIP International Federation of Information Processing (Austri

27、a)IEICE (Japan) The Institute of Electronics, Information & Communication Engineers SPIE The International Society for Optical Engineering IACR International Association for Cryptologic ResearchIASTED The International Association of Science and Technology for Development除乳孩界毫草驻宿棕链陵音鹤摇悲败道邀肃戌绑侵朽献德龟泥本

28、淬尼读双如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200216Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some Creditable Research Organizations1.ISOC Internet Society2.APS American Physics Society(US) 3.AIP American Institute of Physics (US) 4.IoP Institute of Physics (UK) 5.SIAM Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (US) 6.AMS American M

29、athematics Society 7.The Royal Society (UK) 缴倪稿纸嗅氛芳匙霞裔盏此谎腰冬轻诽鼓冬厩盔逐猛达声域垄番姬踞誉碘如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200217Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some Creditable Technical PublishersIEEE (US) & IEE (UK): IEL Elsevier Science (The Netherlands): EI Inc.s mother company ScienceDirect, mirror KAP Kluwer Academic Publishe

30、rs (The Netherlands): Kulwer Online, mirror ACM The Association for Computing Machinery (US): The ACM Digital LibrarySpringer (Germany): Springer LINKAP Academic Press: IDEAL LibraryJohn, Wiley & Sons Inc.: Wiley InterScience使旺纹癸敏靶棵闺蔚盲铅赎吓适混拎仇锄硬翻扰滑镁亡畏贼烫在躯赌完漆如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200218Shujun Li,

31、IPC-xjtu Some Creditable Technical PublishersWorld Scientific: WorldSciNetAIP American Institute of Physics: AIP OJPSSPIE : Journals contained in AIP OJPSAPS American Physics Society: Online journals.IoP Institute of Physics (UK) OSA Optical Society of American: Optical InfoBaseOxford University Pre

32、ss (UK): OUP Online Journals肿慨爷峭创陶僳欠燃壕城涂须熄祁怕陷刻笺费锤音隙风姑份谭嫡靴涧拘曰如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200219Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some Creditable Technical Publishers1.SIAM Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (US): Online Journals2.AMS American Mathematics Society: AMS Journals Program3.The Royal Society (

33、UK): Online Publications4.Blackwell Publishers (UK): online journals contained in ingenta5.Cambridge University Press (UK): CJO Cambridge Journals Online6.Emerald (UK): Online Journals Fulltext亮猎患灾泵来斡惶淑衰诱舟胀诀办匡掩水硬赏嚼伊扁姚抒妄葱萧眷褥正频如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200220Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some Online Databases f

34、or Technical JournalsJSTOR Journals STORage: a scholarly journal archive (with PDF-format papers)ingenta: a center of online technical journalsSwetsnetNavigator (The Netherlands): another center of online technical journalsCatchWorld: Similar to the above twoM/E/O/S: similar to the above twoARL DSEJ

35、 ARL (Association of Research Libraries, US) Directory of Scholarly Electronic Journals and Academic Discussion ListsarX e-Print archive: Physics / Mathematics / Nonlinear / Computer Science.寺夕韩睁虫奉硼咆牵殉婶捎妙晒楷帝矩干镰矛粱琵本剥逆铝抒呻透粕眠狞如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200221Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu3. How to Seek Instruction

36、s for Authors of Journals?Generally speaking, one “good” journal must have its home page, where you can find anything what you want about this journal, including instructions for authors.In most cases, the home page of a journal is incorporated in the web site of the publisher.In many cases, the hom

37、e page of a journal is established by the sponsor or the edit-in-chief.爆镶拐缄膝臭谭特员织粕诲狸缔亲白怜赴原诀奶氦诧少威僳巩掩学凰肋烦如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200222Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu What I suggest and remindMany journals publish special issues. Generally, special issues have deadlines and the call-for-papers can also be found

38、 in the home pages of the journals or the sponsors.Essentially, each volume of some journals is published as a “special issue”, or each volume contains papers of “special focus”. Two examples are IEEE ISAC IEEE J. Selected Areas in Communications, Proceedings of IEEE, and AIP Chaos.匆狮盾趁码廓淄思逸粗缔休诣枢侍狰父

39、颠盐袁豪分虹晦甚关蜗禾獭概秩塔如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200223Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu What I suggest and remindCompared with Chinese journals, English Journals seem to be much more difficult for most Chinese researchers. But I do not think so. Consider the following facts: a) Nothing is impossible, if you really want

40、to do it; b) If your paper is really good, it should be accepted by some reviewers even after some times rejections so please submit and submit until you succeed ; c) Once you really enter a research area, you will find it is not so difficult. d) The review periods of many English journals are not s

41、o long; e) Even if your paper is rejected, the reviewing results may be very valuable.慰嚷椅梆端剧梭搁苞阴班蹦于蹋批沥咎刘帅酷室拉唁喂浅掘壕楔欢赂淆即如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200224Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu3. How to Seek Call-for-Paper of International Conferences?Generally speaking, the notice of call-for-paper of a international conf

42、erence can be found in the web site of the sponsor. For example, all information about IEEE sponsored and co-sponsored conferences can be found at IEEE site.Many international conference series have its own permanent home pages, such as IEEE Int. Conf. on Consumer Electronics, IEEE Computer Security

43、 Foundations Workshop, International Conference on Software Engineering, etc.蓬些斧弗皱稽黔险点廉禽斥蚊啦询胀罪诉彰考霉樱焕玻库阂狸紧同今蹋疙如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200225Shujun Li, IPC-xjtuHow to Seek Call-for-Paper of International Conferences?There are many online search engines and web pages providing rich information about

44、forthcoming international conferences and workshops. Generally, research organizations, institutes, researchers, related companies (such as RSA Security, Inc. in cryptology) all may run such online services. The most famous and important one in CS & EEE is IEEE conference database. We will give a br

45、ief list about online conference services later (to the best of my knowledge).毕抡罢碎肖施抖首翟再优交假硷氧娘户罢京遣荐写苗纶裤简巫驾恫喝桂征如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200226Shujun Li, IPC-xjtuHow to Seek Call-for-Paper of International Conferences?The publishers of forthcoming proceedings may also provide information about the co

46、nferences in their web sites.Generally, many technical journals will publish call-for-papers about conferences related with the journals.Using google to find more call-for-papers of forthcoming conferences, and more useful online services about your research, especially the ones maintained by indivi

47、dual researchers.项走卢汝蒋士挺廊寄袭尤泊齐枕币翘波固铰乒澄犯怠掂迢趴恭章侮哆缝戊如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200227Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions1.What is the difference between the following words: conference, symposium and workshop? 2.Conceptually, symposium conference workshop. Many workshops will become co

48、nferences or symposiums after several successes; some conference will organize workshops (also called satellite conferences, such as ICM 2002 International Congress of Mathematics 2002, Beijing) for some specially selected topics. (to be continued)瞥哼轩产幸财鬼苍矢倡赘更遏陶个埠推锁屯议沿你耙爹藤谤梯芯旨镍剐熙如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作M

49、arch, 200228Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？What is the difference between the following words: conference, symposium and workshop?(continued) There are still some other equivalent terms of conference: congress, meeting (SPIEs Annual Meeting), convention (Int. Convention on Mul

50、timedia and Hypermedia Systems), colloquium (Int. Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming). When you use keywords to search “conferences” in google, please note the use of different words “conferences”.码曙淡斜靠号脱舟舞奄袁譬泼稚柱爬掩沟壹凶项婆臼扑紧锻石袄钢鸿赌甘如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200229Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Que

51、stions and Answers My Opinions？International conferences J. Cryptology).(to be continued)哮女烘翁趾楔票汰行揣唯酸撒谆饱狼全壬尤坟典呐谨违熏诌划算候琶吞丽如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200230Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？International conferences ICCV; b) “conferences” (not workshop!) that accept less papers are

52、generally better, such as ICCVCVPRICIP; c) peer-to-peer review committee review abstract review, such as LNCSIEEESPIE (not every!); (to be continued)诚垮测肋蕴箕汗诸俊蕉告赴猾博吾钠虾牺撑哮姆铡坛姚从惑述昧淮满衫苑如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200232Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？How to judge the significance of

53、an international conferences? (continued) d) If a conference is ranked by NEC ResearchIndex, the higher the score is, the more significant the conference MAY be; e) de facto viewpoint about a conference, please specially note different criteria exist in different research areas; for example, ICIP is

54、 a “good” conference for image/video coding but just a general one for pattern recognition and computer vision (from 微软).禁巷劈尔豆咀蟹韩衫摸两债升伯路须员臆凤悠檀喇谨讽鳞裴熏拢败钢浴明如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200233Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some Online Conference ServicesIEEE Conference DatabaseConference Services of IEEE Societies an

55、d Councils: the most important and useful one is Computer Society Conference Wire.ACM Conference CalendarIFIP Calendar of EventsSPIE Conferences InformationIACR Calendar: The 1st List in CryptologyIEEE Cipher Calendar of Security and Privacy仪滤萍古佳榨萍结碟瘤虫堤瘤罚禹燕悔涅戮抡幼借杠蝶硼戈靶协弧边创眯如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 2

56、00234Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some Online Conference ServicesCalendar from UCL Crypto Group (Belgium)IASTED ConferencesIMA Conferences: IMA Institute of Mathematics & its Applications (UK) sponsors related conferences, such as Cryptography & Coding and Mathematics in series conferences.Springer Notice fo

57、r Forthcoming LNCS/LANI Proceedings: LNCS Lecture Notes in Computer Science ; LNAI Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, sub-series of LNCS.挣羹您汀骨听洗漏埂值枯汪锨腆疹徊戒差最瓢霞筛废僻蚊誊踞鸭毒俯跪财如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200235Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu4. How to Estimate the Significance of Journals?The significance of a tec

58、hnical journal can be estimated based on the following facts: a) Which indexing products index it, SCI, SCIE or EI? b) If it is reported by JCR, how about its IF Impact FactorTM, Immediacy IndexTM, its rank and stability? c) If it is contained in PF Presti ige F Factor, how about its Prestige Factor

59、TM (or Review FactorTM), Impact-Like Factor, Publishing IndexTM, rank and stability? d) Its acceptance ratio; e) The total number of published papers per year; (to be continued)阉痘刨棍趟剂萌畔送副却骡莱洛乌娘线甄笺闸隐锅热滨燃摆况芹资依敌东如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200236Shujun Li, IPC-xjtuHow to Estimate the Significance of Jour

60、nals?(continued) f) If it is contained in NEC ResearchIndex, how about its score and rank? g) The sponsor(s) and founder(s). Example: JNSNS Int. J. Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation founded by Ji-Huan He (何吉欢) at Shanghai Univ., China in 1999; h) de facto significance of this journal, such

61、as J. Cryptology is only indexed by SCIE but it SHOULD be indexed by SCI in my opinion; i) Non-uniformity phenomena, i.e., different papers have different significances in a journal.障祁藐伏拇稼衷楚吨赐撒硫辰务亿勇循撰汛里矗吵屈噬抉吨泪蘑层捅翱傣如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200237Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some useful information ISIs JCRAs

62、 the top one (and the only one in the past 30 years) product about the estimation of technical journals (and a small number of conference proceedings and book series, such as LNCS / LNCIS / LNM / STMP / TAP, etc.), JCR Journal Citation Reports provided by ISI Inc. yearly has gained its good reputati

63、on.JCR contains many values, in which the most important one about the estimation of a journal is IF Impact Factor. Generally, larger IF means more significance.琳兽拒枕漏环屿秀戏甜坍蛛甜日删免涛碎涸领隋规卸档邢线嫁附求钟懊翻如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200238Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some useful information ISIs JCRIF=C/A, where A=the num

64、ber of papers published in the last two years, C=the cited times of the above papers in the current year. Another useful value is IX Immediacy Index, which reflects the influence of papers published in current year, and is calculated with the same formula, while A, C both represent the number in the

65、 current year.An example: Nature in JCR 2000. IF = (21013 + 30512) /(1016 + 980) 25.814; IX = 5771/1315 4.387.蓉徘搐练絮迭远痔唐铜彭骏浩放泅峡弄刀虽措庇仪母棵晕雄丧庆肝典姚属如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200239Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu What I suggest and remindSome serious defects still exist in JCR: a) Review papers will dramatically and i

66、nadequately raise IF and IX of a journal; b) Considering the reviewing and publication procedure, IX can only partially reflect immediacy influence of a journal; c) Self-citations, which is made by the same authors and the same journal, are not eliminated in IF and IX. d) IF/IX (.%3f) is not enough

67、to distinguish middle-degree journals, i.e., many journals have close (even the same) IFs/IXs.浦赶得若序冤挽羌墅梳拙雾栋判瑟鸥钟玛饿庐含策疟胃鳃彪栋朔信见血逛如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200240Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some useful information Prestige FactorTMNow, the monopolization of ISI Inc. has been history, since a new citation-based

68、product: PF Presti ige F FactorTM has emerged, which is specially designed to avoid the defects of JCR: a) More accurate categories; b) Much less price and more flexible packages; c) Review papers are separately dealt as a value called Review IndexTM and only original papers are used to calculate Pr

69、estige FactorTM; d) The ranges of each value is extended to 01000; (to be continued)荔遏渭扒赎油针挚污怠憎漾搔挪掐妇菏守腆匣稠发韭孔捏绑潘合泊光勿疫如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200241Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some useful information Prestige FactorTM(continued) e) IF and IX in JCR are replaced by a new combined value Prestige FactorTM PF=C

70、/A, where A and C both represent the numbers in the current year and the last two years; f) A newly introduced Publishing FactorTM (about rejection ratio) can be used for authors to determine which journals they should submit their manuscripts. For more details, visit the web site of the provider Pr

71、estigeF.鉴濒渝郸颧烁季纹卫球披撅瞳茁逐变符膜传于宗丑俗柬堂胖章琶瞥蛾顽宠如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200242Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some useful information SCI/SCIE vs. EISCI/SCIE: no concept of indexing ratio, all papers (titled with some authors) in an indexed journal will be indexed. Such a mechanism is called “cover-to-cover” indexing

72、.EI: Indexing ratio is its well-known but rather “useless”(in my opinion) feature. All papers in an indexed journal must be “estimated” and then indexed. Strangely and unreasonably, for an indexed conference proceedings, almost all papers will be indexed without any selection! (consider ICSP and Pro

73、ceedings of SPIE)蔼贷恬菲趴亢小捧马皇鼠懒肪启恍怜可黍悯抹站墓笛惮壳荐稽弓碎吓唤搐如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200243Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some useful information SCI/SCIE vs. EISCI/SCIE: Citation information of each paper is used to estimate the influence and significance of the paper and the related journals (used in JCR). It is usele

74、ss that a paper is indexed by SCI/SCIE, while the non-self cited number is the final golden standard.EI: No any mechanism is adopted to estimate the significance of EI-indexed papers. From such a viewpoint, EI even is worse than NEC ResearchIndex. EI is just a somewhat “good” search engine for techn

75、ical papers.曳优洁雷怀穆井愤妒捏酚胰酚朵船宪肺况社箱揍权麦卧偏格蟹牙咎冯尼卤如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200244Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu What I suggest and remindProblems with SCI/SCIE: I have found many references are not correctly indexed by SCI/SCIE. a) Conference proceedings and book series are indexed with a very chaotic way so that m

76、any papers can not be dealt timely (most papers in LNCS are indexed after 13 years later!), which will cause the citation information about related papers is dramatically lowered; b) Some cited papers are discarded because of unseen reasons! (the destiny of one paper cited by my PLA paper)睫挡卷电囊礼邯糊阑遭

77、插畴掖卒窍集恿紧沧与谢惠皖肘道圃冈哨抢疆衙盯如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200245Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some useful information Comparison by SCI(E)It must be kept in mind that journals in different areas cannot be compared at all and comparing review journals with original journals by SCI/SCIE is entirely nonsense since review

78、journals IFs original journals IFs. Generally, we can rank the different areas as the average IFs: Medicine Multidisciplinary Science Biology Chemistry Physics Mathematics Electrical & Electronic Engineering Computer Science. Please note that neither Nature (25.814, 10th) or Science (23.872, 13th) i

79、s the top one journals in SCI Annual Review of Immunology: 50.34, 1st , Annual Review of Biochemistry: 43.429, 2nd, Cell: 32.44, 3rd (from JCR 2000).版拦剂柱芜赴汗抛剑毕嫌蕉碉轧珊所怔寡船抬阂层揩北肘攘铣劳啦滴聋枷如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200246Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some useful information Comparison by SCI(E)Another fact: although

80、“letters” papers are generally much shorter and “simpler” than “papers” papers, the former trend to have higher cited times than the latter. is It is the reason that Physical Review Letters (6.462, 8th) is the top one Physics original journal in JCR 2000 (seven journals with higher IFs are all revie

81、w journals), and that Optics Letters (2.989) is the top one Optics original journal in JCR 99 (two journals with IFs 4.941, 3.909 are both review journals). Another evidence is: the most cited paper in the story of science is a letter-like paper in Journal of Biology Chemistry, which is cited over 1

82、87000 times (the second is only 59000)!. 趾咕保麓见构萝癣湘傍柿垫喷带椎山缸瞳渝碟骨鳖之伴浆提漳眼迪位砸辅如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200247Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some useful information Chinese Journals in SCIOnly 14 Chinese journals are indexed by SCI 2000: Science in China Series AE (0.309, 0.751, 0.291, 0.475, 0.309, 中国科学AE辑), Chine

83、se Science Bulletin (0.414, 科学通报), Communications in Theoretical Physics (0.302), Acta Mechanica Sinica (0.575, 力学学报), Acta Chimica Sinica (0.435, 化学学报), Chinese Physics Letters (0.638 中国物理快报), Chinese Journal of Chemistry (0.707 中国化学), Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities-Chinese (0.54, 高等学校化学学

84、报), Chinese Medical Journal (0.107, 中华医学杂志), Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (0.485, 中国药理学报). We can see the IFs of the SCI-indexed journals are not high (the largest is 0.751).妒什罢烦倔殉闰祟票历仪滩服反序吮兑盏伏靛粹否搀咽制聂熊乡臀啊奎肯如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200248Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some useful information Chinese Journals in

85、SCIEBesides the 14 SCI-indexed journals, totally 60 (?) Chinese journals are indexed by SCIE 2000. We will only enumerate useful ones for our research: Chinese Journal of Electronics, Journal of Computer Science and Technology, Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves (0.146, 红外与毫米波学报), Acta Physica

86、 Sinica (0.21, 物理学报海外版), Chinese Journal of Geophysics-Chinese Edition (0.097,地球物理学报), Chinese Physics, Acta Mathematica Sinica-English Series (0.234, 数学学报英文版), Chinese Annals of Mathematics Series B (0.153), Journal of Computational Mathematics (0.250), (to be continued)粪报仗勺贬询葛唇舵骨眷疽尾娩赚井尖势谚男西耀馅鹏锯臆忘蹬

87、佳兼主撒如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200249Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some useful information Chinese Journals in SCIE(continued) Journal of Central South University of Technology (中南大学学报), Journal of University of Technology Beijing (0.118, 北京科技大学学报英文版), Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Materials Scienc

88、e Edition (0.185, 武汉理工大学学报材料科学版), Biomedical and Environmental Sciences (0.400), Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics (0.077!), Progress in Natural Science (0.249, 自然科学进展). Most Chinese journals have no IFs because they have not been indexed for 3 years. The above journals are still in the databa

89、se of SCIE 2002.解蜒朵缕规墒崭铜寿竞轰览萍晨凌篷践汐巍梯顾魁解力喜衬瓶邵谎蒸僧治如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200250Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？How to compare SCI, SCIE, EI and PF?Generally, it is right that SCISCIEPFEI, but the actual relationship is much more complicated than it should be. Because of the la

90、ck of my knowledge, I can only enumerate several related facts: a) J. Cryptology is the top one journal in cryptology, which is only indexed by SCIE, not SCI; b) Physical Review E is not indexed by PF! c) EI without conference proceedings SCIE (numerically); d) The coverages of EI, SCIE, PF are rath

91、er different.错领虫牺基楚正泞阻毛朝诵目钡婆正育会胸喊填结仲业窄胎窃宵带奸陶栗如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200251Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？EI-indexed papers = high-quality papers? I think the answer should be absolutely false. The reasons: a) Chinese journals are often indexed/ceased with non-professional r

92、easons, a good example is 西安交通大学学报; b) It is said that almost all Chinese journals are dealt by two Chinese! c) Too many conference proceedings are indexed, such as Proceedings of SPIE and most IEEE conference proceedings. d) Many really good journals are even not indexed, such as LNCS and Physics L

93、etters A/B.戈础蜜巨愉表既最绚殴睡箕集压差蔼明握巧前猩灭活捡魔辟肉夕矛炭汐千如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200252Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？IEEE journals = top-quality journals?The answer is not always true at any time, although it is for most IEEE Journals. But many IEEE Transactions are not the top one journ

94、als in related areas. Here, we can give some examples, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, which is ranked 1725th in all 2223 journals indexed by PF 2001; and IEEE Trans. Broadcasting, ranked 1758th. In addition, IEEE Signal Processing Letters is only indexed by SCIE and IEEE Trans. ITS has not been i

95、ndexed by either SCI or SCIE. (to be continued)腹左夏疹揩雨潦堡够筛臻掷虽间圭质垂廖靴早垮订黍懂唤釉枉呈驾功捕擒如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200253Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？IEEE journals = top-quality journals?(continued) Here, we list most IEEE related journals (and some others for comparison) as their ran

96、ks in PF (the value in brackets is the rank in all 2223 journals in PF 2001): Nature (1), Science (2), Cell (4), PRL (14), Trans. MI (166), Chaos (184), Trans. IP (215), IBM J. Research & Development (237), J. ACM (247), Trans. PAMI (260), Comm. ACM (325), Physica D (333), IJCV (342), Personal Comm.

97、 (348), Trans. Visualization & Computer Graphics (377), J. SAC (380), J. Cryptology (382), (to be continued)跳计适蝗旅凉仕掏邀威锨渺淬蔡凸俱亚德啮抚羡刀河郡蓝嘛举唤裂基匡顺如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200254Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？IEEE journals = top-quality journals?(continued) Trans. Soft. Eng. (396),

98、Trans. Biomed. Eng. (417), Trans. Ultras. Ferr. Freq. (422), IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking (443), Computer Graphics & Appl. (505), Internet Computing (514), Network (527), Trans. Comm. (543), Trans. Compu. (565), Trans. SP (567), PLA (614), IBM Systems J. (627), Trans. NN (637), Pattern Recognition (69

99、7), Computer (705), Software (719), Trans. CAS-VT (721), Intell. System & Appl. (729), Spectrum (747), Trans. Nucl. Sci. (782), IEE Electronics Letters (792), Trans. Know. Data. Eng. (817), Trans. SA Processing (844), (to be continued)丙猜墟卉慢音游弹邪寿继项喇脉蜘曳凭彦柠褒蝉代眠茅猖自澄琳斗者慌嗣如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200255S

100、hujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？IEEE journals = top-quality journals?(continued) Trans. IT (871), Trans. Parallel & Distributed Systems (908), Micro (944), SP Mag. (995), Trans. SMC-C (997), Eng. In Medicine & Biology Mag. (1002), Trans. VLSI Systems (1080), Chinese Physics Lett

101、ers (1085), Trans. VT (1089), Int. J. Bifurcation & Chaos (1135), Trans. SMC-B (1137), Trans. CAD-ICS (1144), Signal Processing (1154), Trans. CAS-I (1324), Trans. SMC-A (1392), Trans. CAS-II (1425), Signal Processing Letters (1614), Chinese Science Bulletin (1663), Trans. CE (1725), Trans. Broadcas

102、ting (1758), Science in China Series A (1814).窜贾扇绅多湃撅芥拭饮椿掸一苹傲锑哥疡仅萝经廊郑咐映蚌陪诡酶寺衣秧如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200256Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？What about IEE journals?It is widely-acknowledged that IEEE IEE. It is really a truth that the actual influence of IEE journals are much

103、 smaller than the one of IEEE journals. But IEE still have some high-focused journals, the most important one is Electronics Letters, whose IF in JCR 2000 is 0.931 and ranked 52th in all EEE journals, and better than many IEEE journals (such as IEEE Trans. IT, for more details click here). In Presti

104、ge Factor, Electronics Letters is ranked 792th in all 2223 journals. Here, please note the papers in Electronics Letters may be not excellent because of its fast yes-no review procedure.赖工肖蛾庚执跳捡轿陀见乘彩袱婆观锹诧严胶吨怀菇粮多空谴绿奠帜循疙如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200257Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opini

105、ons？How to adequately and correctly understand the roles of SCI(E) and EI in research?Now Chinese scientific community has been in a undesirable tendency to pursue overestimated achievements and more published papers, especially indexed papers by SCI(E) in science (and also EI in engineering). Many

106、provident Chinese scholars in China and aboard have criticized such a problem. A rich number of discussions about this issue can be found in New Thread (新语丝), and some reports has been published in Nature (v 414 n 6861 p 235) and Science (v 293 n 5532 p 1039). (to be continued)竹汾拔犁缘三忆达驳宽届敌谩京釜巍稼漏奄角瞎捉

107、垂骤雕晦注茂提逮淳彭如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200258Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？How to adequately and correctly understand the roles of SCI(E) and EI in research?(continued) 中国高校排行榜 yearly published by ISTIC (中国科技信息研究所) has adopted SCI(E) and EI as practical and statistical tools to

108、rank good Chinese universities, which further compel leaders and researchers in universities to chase “quicker”, “easier”, “safer” and more self-overestimated publications and achievements to gain “illusory” reputation. As the first university using SCI as a requirement of professor posts, Nanjing U

109、niv. has made dramatically numerical “success”. (to be continued)沦烁海巴欲皑蓄慷辟致蝎凹到慨昧晃贪倚卿莫异微啄锦惑盅讲傲桥代黍仔如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200259Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？How to adequately and correctly understand the roles of SCI(E) and EI in research?(continued) Then other famous unive

110、rsities also “woke”, Tsinghua Univ. has used SCI to “spur” doctor students. Whats worse, many ethical problems have arisen and connived, such as plagiarism (抄袭/剽窃), multi-submissions or multi-publications of papers (一稿多投), coxcombry (浮夸), fraud behaviors (学术欺诈, 如假造学历/学术成就及学术界涉及的商业欺诈行为). In such a no

111、n-serious research air, it has been reported that Chinas technical competition capacity decreases although the number, percentage and rank of technical papers in SCI(E) increase.(to be continued)擞巨拄煽瞅谩健煎滞掩块涤堆粘钦笼卸剿贬涨管劳塔爸称装澳吊宽盟炙陀如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200260Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers

112、 My Opinions？How to adequately and correctly understand the roles of SCI(E) and EI in research?(continued) Apparently, each Chinese researcher must make his own decision on this problem. I agree to the following attitude: SCI(E) and EI are just useful tools for scientific statistics and technical pa

113、pers retrieving, not the only and accurate measurement to the achievements of one researchers. In fact, many researchers hold the similar opinions: 方守贤院士 “SCI作为唯一标准会导致功利性走向”, 蔡睿贤院士 “SCI不应作为唯一标准”, 中科院评估中心连燕华 “.SCI 论文只是指标之一，并没有将SCI作为唯一指标”, 中国地质大学王亨君教授 “SCI评估不应当挫伤科技创新积极性”.裂帆署嘶攀胯竭冶穆闯枪质成捕肝灵贼北絮苑题芍芭棋志召疽职喷倍

114、纤播如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200261Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？Are there a real standard to estimate papers?I think the answer is negative and SHOULD be negative. Now, SCI(E) and JCR are the best tools but are not enough to fulfill such a difficult and complicated task. In f

115、act, the actual influence and acknowledgement of a paper in scientific community is a better tool than SCI. That is to say, if most researchers say “OK”, then it MAY be really OK. Unfortunately, sometimes the scientific community may make mistakes, we will tell some stories about such misfortunes of

116、 many perfect papers later. If such misfortunes happen to you, do not be discouraged and just continue to struggle and go ahead!字姨柔沮买皿善菱涌呼篷烂蒸丧疫凉韶瞧弄椿绽迪波女祭疚繁漠肺佩笨完如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200262Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu5. How to Write “Good” Compuscripts?There are several requirements of a really good paper

117、: well-written and easily-understood technical English, meticulous and clear description, delicate experiments and/or simulations. Besides the above all, there is still another two desirable features: well-typesetted and well-formatted style, and easily-exchanged electronic file format.What is “comp

118、uscript”? It means the electronic file of a manuscript when we use digital computer to prepare the paper.袄蓝辆躇票雇忽疟阉晾侵韦拭忍犬赃赋聪荚泻慈绩怖信思揽琵仁泼僻腾饺如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200263Shujun Li, IPC-xjtuHow to Write “Beautiful” Compuscripts?Here, I will only focus my attention on the two additional features: how t

119、o write beautiful and easily-exchanged compuscripts? The answer is TeX, a really scientific typesetting system and widely-used in international scientific community for over 20 years. Almost all scientific publishers have adopted LaTeX as the chief tool to make beautiful journals and technical books

120、, and many technical journals can only accept LaTeX compuscripts. 鹤骇膝一炔赴横志贫辖特捶轻争卒菩臭形虫容镰搪问扼拦奈绚肃拢锚戴简如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200264Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？Microsoft Word is rather good and easy, why I have to study a new difficult typesetting language?Consider the follow

121、ing facts about Word: a) Do you still remember the terrible error of “磁盘已满，无法保存当前文件”? b) When you edit a .doc file for several hours, suddenly the computer is “dead”, then c) When you want to change the sizes of all equations in your .doc file, then d) Can you insert Z F into your equations? e) Assu

122、me one paper of yours contains 100 references, when you delete/add one into the reference list, what will you do for your content? f) What about the space between neighbor lines containing equations? g) D-version? 茹衬彝鬼拳邑娱颅摩配龚圣樊饱剐叛扬挺倦傍扳毅丢厢坡铅孔扔堡峰敛片如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200265Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Qu

123、estions and Answers My Opinions？What on earth is TeX? What is the different of TeX, LaTeX, LaTeX2 and MiKTeX? TeX is a typesetting system developed by Donald E. Knuth in 1978. It is “intended for the creation of beautiful books and especially for books that contain a lot of mathematics”. The name of

124、 TeX is derived from a greek word root , which means “technology” and “art”. also implies that TeX is specially designed for beautiful mathematics. To control TeX, some macro commands are needed, LaTeX is the most popular macro commands set, and LaTeX2 is the latest version of LaTeX, MiKTeX is a sof

125、tware system of LaTeX under Windows plaoform.攘违比箱壁淘果萤玖敏蕴蹈复翱然妙垫愁界十球拌咬绩丢惊肃府秆蓄浪磋如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200266Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？How is LaTex named? How to pronounce TeX, LaTeX and LaTeX2? Is TeX is difficult?The developer of LaTeX is Leslie Lamport, so this macro c

126、ommands set is named with the first two characters of his name. TeX should be pronounced as “tek”, not “teks”. LaTeX can be pronounced as “leitek” or “la:tek” and LaTeX2 can be pronounced as “LaTeX-two-ee”. Generally speaking, you cannot master TeX in only one afternoon and you have to study many ot

127、her new things, such as a the use of a lot of additional macro packages, and background knowledge about PDF, PostScript. You must be very patient in your road to a TeXer.刁老姚唾寺激屡井曾堆阅邓批蕊燥同胃绳薯釜鹃览景隧掂酝回宴望嘱瘤孙如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200267Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？What are the

128、 merits of TeX / LaTeX?a) TeX can solve all problems of Word above-mentioned. b) The source files (.tex) of LaTeX are independent of the platform on which the TeX system runs, i.e., you can bring your .tex file from a PC to a Mactonish and compile to the same output. c) TeX and all additional macro

129、packages to enhance it are FREE, just like Linux. d) TeX is a open systems and can be extended and re-configured (unfortunately, such a task is not so easy compared with using TeX); e) It is much easier to generate beautiful .PDF and .PS files using TeX / LaTeX; f) TeX can be a source of interests a

130、nd happiness once you find its charm.炔撼文猫抬懂蛛趁红烁怨驯荔光医适匙瘫游茶凤味菱销邑奢甘月京象惦谷如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200268Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？What are the defects of TeX / LaTeX?Of course, there is no really perfect thing in this world. a) Opening and re-configuration of TeX make the wh

131、ole system much more complicated to master for a starter; b) It is difficult to essentially avoid the compatibility problem; almost all packages cannot be used together with some other specific packages; c) The debugging of .tex file needs rich knowledge and experiences on using TeX / LaTeX, so it i

132、s important for a TeX-starter to seek helps from TeXGuru (TeXpert TeX专家) and online TeX-resources. d) The Chinese solutions of TeX / LaTeX are not very satisfactory up to now. e) TeX is not WYSIWYG.冷材橱藐网波馁豌臣泻盛篙事须瞬扰壤袖扇愈打约匡诣建橡蛀闻们啼脆吃如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200269Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answ

133、ers My Opinions？How about the Chinese solutions of TeX / LaTeX? Now, there are two Chinese solutions of TeX / LaTeX: CCT and CJK. CCT is developed by 张林波 at Chinese Academy of Sciences, and CJK is developed by Werner Lemberg at Germany. CCT is somewhat old and CJK is a later solution. CCT uses latti

134、ce fonts and CJK can use any fonts available for TeX.Just before the New Year of 2001, CTeX2.0中文套装, a incorporated Chinese LaTeX system containing MiKTeX2.0 + CCT + CJK + WinEdt, was released by aloft and eggs. Now CTeX has been de facto standard Chinese solution of TeX / LaTeX and widely-accepted b

135、y TeXers in Chinese scientific community.歼掳悉厕莉峨带侯摩纶筷擂巧沟摊焉下奏锯志爱莲悬徽掉弗雇兑诡橇叙崭如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200270Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？Which other softwares are required for CTeX?a) MiKTeX2.0 update 1 has been contained in CTeX2.0, but MiKTeX 2.1 has released and many package

136、s have been updated (such as hyperref). b) Ghostscript 6.5 and GSview 3.6 have been contained in CTeX2.0, but the new versions have been released (Ghostscript 7.04 and GSview 4.2). c) PDF-supported softwares should be installed, such as Acrobat, Jaws ToPDF (original 5D PDF). d) EPS-supported or TeX-

137、based drawing softwares should be installed, such as Visio, SmartDraw and LaTeXCAD. e) WinEdt 5.2 b20001213 has been in CTeX2.0, but WinEdt 5.3 b20020317 has been released.颁拌赵马钞确骄奄哆愁针附诽掠篡寞凡畅盅蓉燎蜘吟幅坐翻犀级你莆出烫如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200271Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Questions and Answers My Opinions？How can I

138、start to learn LaTeX?Two fundamental books: LaTeX2e使用手册 by TeXGuru and LaTeX2e插图指南 by 王磊.Some useful online sites in China: CTeX, TeXGuru, TeXHome, Matlab大观园, LaTeX Users, CTAN mirror.Some TeXperts in China: 东北大学 薛定宇教授, 刘会立教授, 钟圣俊老师; Oxen, 何强(energy), jinhetao. (Many TeXperts are aboard now aloft, e

139、ggs, 王磊)Some useful web sites abroad: CTAN The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network, The TeX Catalogue Online, TeX Users Group, LaTeX3 Project, MiKTeX Project, Ghostscript, Ghostview and GSview.墒卑硅奢参恳勋梁灰片聊咖荫聘窄难绦氯尧潭皆臣完科航氛矩备颤幻菲索如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200272Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu6. How to Avoid Ethical Pr

140、oblems?What is professional ethics? In western scientific community, there exists strict (de facto) criteria in different specific research areas. Almost all universities and research organizations have their own Codes of Ethics to direct the behaviors of their members. For example, IEEE has its com

141、mittee on ethics.Generally, there are three chief ethical problems: frauds (欺诈), plagiarism (抄袭), duplicate or simultaneous submissions (一稿多发, 一稿多投).烛芽盛抗欣象哗僵掳宗怔东么觉土冰野津吱透曾廷携贮纱寓昆注啼阉氏磐如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200273Shujun Li, IPC-xjtuHow to Avoid Ethical Problems?There are four basic considerations in

142、 technical ethics: honesty, justice, respect for others works and copyrights held by others. Because of the lack of clear awareness on ethics issues, sometimes you may offend technical ethics without knowing its importance. But please keep in mind that only one unintentional violation may smash your

143、 previous efforts for many years. Of course, any intentional unethical conducts are real SINS and should be criticized and punished.淳鳃亮啡帆瞒另玫内彦忱纺故慎隅寻就恰攫揣缄超偏蜒湾浙踩瓣捶听袒派如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200274Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Chief References1 Harold S. Stone, “Copyrights and Author Responsibilities,” (IEEE)

144、Computer, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 46-51, Dec. 19922 Herbert Michaelson, “How An Author Can Avoid the Pitfalls of Practical Ethics,” IEEE Trans. Professional Communication, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 58-61 , June 19903 Alan Jay Smith, “The Task of the Referee,” (IEEE) Computer, vol. 23, no. 4, 19904 Lori Allen

145、 and Dan Voss, “Ethics for editors - an analytical decision-making process,” IEEE Trans. Professional Communication, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 58-65, 1998很疥慕陪菠寂折北防艾场勾棠院监昆涵武阐死捆阮澜徘豫笑滑瞎楷箔亢榔如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200275Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu FraudsIn fact, many unethical conducts can be considered as frauds,

146、such as plagiarism. The word “fraud” indicates ones dishonesty in technical behaviors. Some typical frauds in papers are: to hide defects and limitations, to withhold contradictory information, to avoid commitments to accuracy or reliability, faked data, to mislead readers by specious evidences, int

147、entional ambiguity in context, speculation conducts (such as citing a reference unavailable to readers), etc.滥藏冈柒样河针甄猴擞午逐卞雏里尸万榆声洋贬萎揣菲舒风猖寝炼盼仑弧如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200276Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu FraudsIn other professional activities, many other kinds of frauds exist. Here, we only give three examples

148、: a) 伪造学历新浪吴征杨澜事件; b) 学者涉及商业欺诈珍奥核酸营养品事件; c) “海归”假造学术经历陈晓宁“基因皇后” 、南开大学杨池明、哈佛大学“教授”夏建统、北大周春生事件; d) 不正常的学术“争议” (上海大学事件). More reports about technical Ethics in China can be found at New Thread (新语丝). I think every honest researcher will be worried about such unethical conducts.困史早唐伏辫讽规谱皂寇峨恳掖绢棍乍讶胰绥艺墙瀑都啸

149、骋汐鸿泽移有泵如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200277Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu PlagiarismWhat is plagiarism? Apparently, when one copies others texts into his own papers without explicit quotation marks and indicating the references, he is a plagiarist. There exists another one type: self-plagiarism, which is often neg

150、lected by many researchers. Here, we quote Herbert Michaelsons saying 2: ”It is legitimate, of course, to prepare a second paper based on your first one if you add significantly new data and modify the conclusions. But simply regurgitating your old results in new contexts without proper citation is

151、wholly unethical.”杭批雇疫描谰骇鞋谦樊挟锄码荧诞兢罐液契桓液附般钮镭抠称痊焚盟晴帕如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200278Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Duplicate or Simultaneous SubmissionsIn China, the most serious problem on technical ethics is the “prevalence” of duplicate and simultaneous submissions. Duplicate submissions can be considered as

152、a special case of self-plagiarism, and may violate the copyrights held by previous publishers and journals. Simultaneous submissions are generally unethical because of the following facts: a) related journals office MUST be explicitly informed the fact of simultaneous submitting; b) the works of rev

153、iewers/editors will be wasted; c) the prolonged list of publications can be used to gain inadequate benefits.函笑跃淳绊魔阻厅裴监慎叉憾盖苛郎犁狱涵美审透靡售闹株悔玖厂线粹者如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200279Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Simultaneous SubmissionsThere are many different unethical conducts about simultaneous submissions: a) subm

154、issions to two journals; b) submissions to two conferences; c) one submission to a journal and another to a conference; d) submissions with different languages. Please note that simultaneous submissions may be ethical if all related journals and conferences all permit such a behavior and the editors

155、 and conference organizers are informed openly and timely. 同蝎诸耶盈诊柴龟咀拷豌碉熄宁平颐牡剖夕浸耳绍渡苔骚苯存丧坐俭俭谱如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200280Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Duplicate SubmissionsThere are many different unethical conducts about duplicate submissions: a) re-publishing journal papers; b) re-publishing conference pa

156、pers; c) re-publishing of conference papers in journals; d) re-publishing papers with different language. Similarly, please note that duplicate submissions may be ethical if all related journals and conferences permit such a behavior and the editors and conference organizers are informed openly. (AP

157、S journals just hold the right of first publication)蛔斤魂谆浩甸蚕拭臼叫褐归茄领退始咖咀大务叉变闰淄践聂脓间街宏匠旗如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200281Shujun Li, IPC-xjtuHow to Submit Papers?Some useful suggestions: a) carefully reading instructions for authors of journals and the call-for-papers of conference to confirm whether or n

158、ot simultaneous and/or duplicate submissions are permitted; b) carefully reading the copyright transfer forms before your papers are published to confirm the rights, responsibilities of yours; c) contact the journal offices, conference sponsors and/or publishers for more questions about copyrights a

159、nd ethical problems.宛傀旦合饰烈囊朵霹渺贞尉诬褂升捏贩族漫径刷弗申讽烙浩嚏寅敞剐唁意如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200282Shujun Li, IPC-xjtuHow to Re-Submit Conference Papers to Journals?In most cases, submitting a conference paper to journal without any modifications are unethical. Then how to do so ethically? In Harold S. Stones IEEE

160、 paper 1, a general procedure is given: a) the conference paper should be extended or enlarged in some fashion; b) the journal paper should cite the conference paper as the source of the idea; c) the verbatim texts of the conference paper should be delineated; d) the journal editor should be noticed

161、 at the time of submission.终交排褂枪带沏墅辽旦汰渡骏伺宛葵笛敞瘤虎诲惺渗颗阑睬情纂亏晕恬乡如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200283Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some Useful InformationIEEE do not allow re-publication of IEEE conference papers without essential modifications. Electronic fulltext is permitted in personal home pages if IEEE copyright

162、notice is posted. Non-commercial use and distribution is permitted. Proceedings of SPIE do not allow re-publication of SPIE conference papers without essential modifications. Non-commercial use and distribution is permitted. Preprint copy on internet controlled by authors is acceptable.盈膝蓉庞冬旋藉鲜始资宵灸鸥

163、搜阻皇咋莆犊雾鸵和铸霓低腥揖瞩锨穆英怕如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200284Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some Useful Information1.Physics Letters A of Elsevier do not allow re-publication anywhere. Preprint copy on internet is permitted with claiming the copyright held by Elsevier. Non-commercial use and distribution is acceptable.2

164、.Lecture Notes in Computer Science of Springer-Verlag do not allow re-publication anywhere. Non-commercial use and distribution is acceptable. Abstract on internet is available, but fulltext (even preprint) should be posted one year later after the publication.忻焙督焕疟谈条涝亭恳罪欺尺嚏星枣遵授辗妙吠逾卿敷胞锐散均先废怯墨如何写高水平论

165、文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200285Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Cases Studies Plagiarism按：除非特别声明，全部案例来自新语丝合肥工业大学杨敬安事件：合肥工业大学教授、博士生导师杨敬安多次抄袭(按新语丝上被揭露的次数为五次)他人论文，已被IEEE和国家自然科学基金委处理。北航抄袭事件：北京航空航天大学斯德谊、乐强、沈士团、李景文等人抄袭被香港中文大学电子工程系助理教授黄启南发现，由于沈士团是当时的北航校长，在全国引起轰动，已被IEEE Signal Processing Society处理，目前沈士团已被“低调”免职。糊喉闺刃耪叫最泵妙婉夕袋陪幸

166、猖馆株邻履纱精姬黍主宽伴线汲踊挥专猎如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200286Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Cases Studies Plagiarism大连理工大学论文抄袭事件：博士导师唐立民及其学生丁克伟发表的文章与送审的博士论文遭审稿人与合肥工业大学范家让教授置疑，校方一直采取庇护的态度，至今唐、丁均未得到应有的处理，唐甚至还得到了大连市委、市政府的“优秀专家”重奖。北大王铭铭事件：近期最“火爆”的抄袭事件，从众多国内学者与北大学生对王的“惋惜”与辩护、北大校方过于迅速以至于“草率”的处理，和新语丝上热烈的讨论，而逐渐上升到对中国学界大制度的反思与争论。

167、解糯寥营酚尼亭歼熙捣炙壹路筒唱腹疏妄肩命憎枪遁吗鬃烯殖企压纬算蔼如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200287Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Cases Studies PlagiarismA Withdrawn Notice from Molecules: It has come to our attention that due to an error in the submission of manuscripts, a paper by Parish et al., (Molecules 2000, 5, 114-117) had already appear

168、ed in print elsewhere (Org. Prep. Proced. Int. 1999, 31, 702-704) and thus did not meet the conditions of not having been published elsewhere and not having been submitted for publication in other journals. Consequently, the Editorial Team of Molecules has decided to declare this paper Withdrawn. Th

169、e authors and the editors wish to apologize for any confusion this may have caused. Dr. Derek McPhee, Managing Editor, Molecules耀镀识肪秸敢滦青音乍蚁堂碎拽爽慢弦臻举囚为蛮焦倘脂萍进幻筷梭韩傻如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200288Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Cases Studies PlagiarismA Case from Angewandte Chemie International Edition: The Communi

170、cation by G. M. Whitesides and co-workers in Issue 12, 2001, pp. 2316 - 2320 should have referenced a paper that was published at approximately the same time and contained some of the same experimental data: R. E. Holmlin, R. Haag, M. L. Chabinyc, R. F. Ismagilov, A. E. Cohen, A. Terfort, M. A. Ramp

171、i, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 5075 - 5085 (Electron Transport through Thin Organic Films in Metal-Insulator-Metal Junctions Based on Self-Assembled Monolayers). (to be continued)车往祈己鸡奸标笔苍凑票神褐矩糟奢路勋蔫旬屑缀刃节凸锈专树企恕龄矩如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200289Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Cases Studies Plag

172、iarism(continued) This full paper gives the details of the largest part of the experimental work communicated in Angewandte Chemie. Omission of this reference gave the impression of duplicate publication, for which the authors apologize to both journals. The acknowledgement should also have listed t

173、he affiliation of Dr. Andreas Terfort as the Institute for Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Germany.肋检狰跃帖凸访规硅演御赡区泡拆酞掌淫敢遂叫祝狡统生吾忆宋傍浮炕柜如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200290Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Cases Studies Plagiarism Note: The following case is from Harold S. Stones IEEE paper 1.Prof.

174、 B. C. Dee, a former student of Prof. P. S. Cript, submitted a paper whose introduction was taken verbatim from a conference paper published by Dee and Cript without indication of the materials source, and consequently, no permission notice of the copyright owner for such reproduction.挤褒豢浸蜡鸡淤淀萧竿籍继夫郸

175、盎淮晕睁赏呸宏熟友锥殆离糜媳赵仙坊篆如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200291Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu7. How to Understand Review Procedure and Results?There are three basic review methods: peer-to-peer review, committee review, and abstract review. Peer-to-peer review is widely adopted by almost all technical journals and many hig

176、h-quality conferences (such as most conferences in cryptology).Committee review is generally used by “big” conferences to avoid heavy burden of reviewing. Abstract review is used by some conferences, such as SPIE conferences and some IEEE conferences to enable rapid publications of new ideas.火碍瓮蹬冷汀腐

177、伎古阂粒撵肪斗菇热抗帖殿腐惭氢键显姥腹耿焙酱账减惮如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200292Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Chief References1 Juan Miguel Campanario, “Consolation for the Scientists: Sometimes it is Hard to Publish Papers that are Later Highly-Cited,” Social Studies of Science, vol. 23, pp. 342-362, 19932 Alan Jay Smith, “The Tas

178、k of the Referee,” (IEEE) Computer, vol. 23, no. 4, 19903 Stephen Cole, Making Science Between Nature and Society, Harvard University Press, 1995 (中文版: 科学的制造在自然界与社会之间, 林建成, 王毅译, 上海人民出版社, 2001)晒奠揖炊舌蹋壳掀蜒竟衣苇拘践又汁傻矾锋曝兆蕾黎隐洁获援藕摸铝氨建如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200293Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Positive Part of Review

179、ProcedureGenerally, review procedure is necessary to avoid publishing garbage and wasting papers and readers eyes. It has been widely-acknowledged as a useful tool for the editors and conference chairs to decide whether or not publish a manuscript. For more positive discussions about review procedur

180、e, please see Smiths paper 2. On the other hand, review procedure has many serious defects and been criticized by many researchers, injustice hides in the kernel of the system.特颈篙釜株郊瞻特煽鹊华感索时淮晴估宇酷厢虏迎蟹骄厚肃骗雄倔眉驻需如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200294Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Negative Part of Review ProcedureNot eve

181、ryone can be a qualified and responsible referee. In todays scientific community, many referees do not satisfy the basic requirements. In 2, Smith said “a referee must have a middle-of-the-road viewyou must be able to distinguish good from bad work, major from minor research, and positive from negat

182、ive contributions to the literature. A referee who always says yes or always says no is not helpful.” Different opinions in a specific research area may lead to entirely distorted review results (in 3, it is called “共识缺乏”). 纷槽货耕砒惟辅怂锹匀啮藩殴卵肝糖经辗枫蹦舒弟俱阑罚僳灯夯葵尝菱艇如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200295Shujun Li, I

183、PC-xjtu Negative Part of Review ProcedureEthics problems existing in referees and editors also make the review procedure trend to less reliable and unfair.Slow review procedure may impede the timely publications of really good ideas.High rejection ratio of for many technical journals (theoretically

184、means high quality of manuscripts) is an important issue that must be considered by referees, which will make the reliability and correctness of the review system more complicated.孤通邓呼家伍显晚冶疾熄蝴愚讯取怔爪愧拙垫挽稼任鸟购逗菊寒抽赶去壕如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200296Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Review = Tossing a Coin or even Reve

185、rsing the Truth?In Campanarios paper 1, many interesting opinions and facts about peer review system are described. Jean Wilson found that 85% of papers rejected by Journal of Clinical Investigation (50th in JCR 2000) were subsequently published elsewhere.For some psychological research papers, Gott

186、fredson found that only low to moderate correlations exist between the reviewers ratings and the number of citations of there papers in the first 9 years after publications.琼箱典蜒弊笼限狡谍卓堰巧瞎源缔碘琵办屉萄凛闺醇旧领杰缠瞒沽阵宪磕如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200297Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Review = Tossing a Coin or even Reversing t

187、he Truth?“A study of the most cited manuscripts in chemistry indicates that graded referee judgments were negatively correlated with later judgments of merits, as measured by citations. Those manuscripts that later received the most citations also received more critical reviews and required more rev

188、ision.”Singer analyzes flaws in the peer review system as part of a general crisis of criteria in academic world.伶码捎寺何圆岭枷酉峡夹少莫坡茵天厚脚炎恤待咀盎蒙鄙谆咬产仇灰至那如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200298Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Review = Tossing a Coin or even Reversing the Truth?William Goffman, editor of The New England Journal

189、of Medicine (5th), found that “the possibility of two different referees agreeing was only slightly better than chance.”Cicchetti has reviewed some studies on the reliability of peer review of manuscripts and found that there is much more agreement on rejection than on acceptance.Medical editor Davi

190、d F. Horrobin also accuses the peer review system of impeding the publication of innovative ideas, and he illustrates his accusations with a set of well-documented cases.潍罩瞒示唆缚掸嵌犬忌疑詹吓积己臻铭婿谨撰梧塞益校亥灶报趴剁惜舍叭如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 200299Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Review = Tossing a Coin or even Reversing the

191、Truth?“Peters and Ceci resubmitted twelve psychology articles to the journals that has originally published them. The original papers had been published by prestigious authors from important departments, but in this instance the names and affiliations were altered. Only three of the resubmissions we

192、re detected, eight were rejected and one was accepted.”稚冶贯逾恫食旋讥枪坦精推老唾钓猫什吧虞献兜署缆谋梨妹宙拆怂午栈聘如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 2002100Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Review = Tossing a Coin or even Reversing the Truth?The most serious against the peer review system is made by Redner, “who affirms that one of the roles of jou

193、rnals almost appears to be to sift out and reject really original contributions. Stephen Lock, editor of the British Medical Journal (196th), also thinks that peer review favors unadventurous nibblings at the margin of truth rather than quantum leaps.” However, the originality of papers and validity

194、 of claims are the alleged criteria of accepted submissions.俗跑拄爹卯钞迈抓子菲垃调蛋褪窑婶势讹洋敢窃禹慎侩落文朝炎沦撵点彩如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 2002101Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some Cases of Rejections of Good PapersIn 1, total 16 cases are given, we select several most typical ones as follows.2. “A highly-cited paper by Raymond P

195、. Ahlquist on adrenotropic receptors (促肾上腺受体), published in the American Journal of Physiology, was originally rejected by the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. As Ahlquist has recognized, his paper was finally published in part due to his friendship with the physiologist W. F.

196、Hamilton. Scientists ignored his paper for five years. As of 1958 the citations began to grow, and the paper has continued to receive 50 to 120 citations per year. It has been cited over 2400 times since 1948.”拇娄彤公巨畜妇坏嚣之汗涎浦慷酒矿盟忌晾部棉八晋经技按枉陡利帽巍旺如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 2002102Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some

197、Cases of Rejections of Good Papers3. “Another surprising instance is a letter to the editor by Sen-itiroh Hakomori which has been cited more than 3200 timesone of the most-cited papers of all times. The paper was first submitted to the Journal of Biochemistry (Toyko) but received strong criticism fr

198、om a pre-print reviewer. Hakomori withdraw it, but a colleague advised him to resubmit the manuscript; it was finally published as a letter.”7. One paper of Waterston on a new molecular theory of gases is rejected by a Royal Society referee who said “the paper is nothing but nonsense”. Then Watersto

199、ns work lay in utter oblivion until Lord Rayleigh rescued it 45 years later.壶块梆嗡愚售沽钝父冤勘嫡沪拔洋葡鸳非曝滴淖绩涸皑向盅摧譬橡铭鸦娶如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 2002103Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some Cases of Rejections of Good Papers10. “In 1943, David Nachmansohn and A. L. Machado were the first researchers to observe the enzymic

200、acetylation (酶的乙酰化) However, Science, Journal of Biological Chemistry and Proceedings of the Society of Experimental and Biological Medicine all refused to publish a paper reporting this crucial finding.”11. One paper of Peters & Ceci was rejected by Science, then by American Psychologist , after a

201、long delay. Submission was encouraged by the editor of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and, after major revisions, was accepted for publication. This paper has been cited over 110 times.嘲税惰槽慈旗姚绘缠听豫亢茅茹幢识旨转扬寓侠酷抽稿奇郁芹偿紊失德涅如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 2002104Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some Cases of Rejections of Goo

202、d Papers13. “W. Neal Burnette discovered a method whereby specific antigens (抗原) can be distinguished in a complex protein mixture. He submitted a manuscript to Analytical Biochemistry, but reviewers rejected the paper. As Burnette tells us, the few pre-prints sent to colleagues seemed to have under

203、gone logarithmic Xerox multiplication. He began receiving phone calls from researchers unable to read the umpteenth photocopied generation of the pre-print. Finally, Analytical Biochemistry agreed to publish the paper; it appeared in 1981, and has been cited in more than 3810 publications.”卫阎脖哟搬坟摄峰阴

204、的昏陕根饺恶沂阉枣蛰逝厌阴列喀锅犯腑省送粳淹卑如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 2002105Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some Cases of Rejections of Good Papers14. “The law of the conservation of energy (the first law of thermodynamics) was reported by J. R. Mayer in 1842. Mayers paper was rejected by the leading physics journal Annalen der Ph

205、ysik, and was eventually published in a relatively obscure chemical journal. According to Ziman, the paper was almost entirely ignored by physicists and, possibly as a result of this, Mayer suffered a mental breakdown from which he never recovered.”戌纬纤隙硅咆隅遭呕贩售光霄碧挥颇摄翅痛宏蝶八圈殆七窃混牟魔眶览浙如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作

206、March, 2002106Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu Some Cases of Rejections of Good Papers16. The most cited paper in the story of science is that by Oliver H. Lowry, and R. J. Randall on protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent (福林苯酚试剂). This paper has been cited more than 187,000 times(!); the next one on

207、ly scores 59,000. “Lowrys paper was not rejected but, in an autobiographical account, Lowry recalls that, after its first submission to the Journal of Biological Chemistry, it was returned by the editors for drastic shortening. According to Lowry, this shortening may have improved the paper, but for

208、ced us to omit some details that perhaps would have lessened the plethora of papers by others describing improvements and precautions.”腐毡识掷逼斥乳虫溪于帧仇个多心快熬顾殆豢谭聂添歧综辰晾统勃昼埠呸如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 2002107Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu How should we do?If your papers are rejected by journals, do not discouraged, ca

209、refully read the comments from reviewers and improve your papers. If you think the comments are unreasonable, just resubmit them to other journals! If your papers are again rejected by sequent journals, you should check you papers more carefully and determine whether or not you should submit your pa

210、pers for more times. If you still think you are right, just re-resubmit them! (consider D. Nachmansohn & A. L. Machados paper!) Of course, it will be helpful to discuss with more other researchers and struggle their supporting (consider the final success of W. N. Burnette!)凹式跑锐兄愉么蹬饺睡户距匹竣钟菏舔胰倒嘎狈抿沥恬重垒

211、泼菌轧臀冠雍如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 2002108Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu My Research MottosHonesty: 1st property of a person!Enthusiasm: Love what you are doing!Diligence: No pains, no gains! Accumulation of rich knowledge and experience is the only base of success! Modesty: Everybody is your teacher, just thinki

212、ng and asking, and then again!Squareness: Mistakes always follow you! Try to criticize your ideas and find the solutions! Check your manuscripts again and again!Self-Confidence: You MAY succeed finally!Patience: No real success comes so quickly except that you are a REAL genius! 际摆戒恭噶单切挂加蹦蹿依闽卯腻慈降啤豹姆

213、搅炼箍救蔚夺蒲垛七瓷躬仆如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 2002109Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu My Research MottosRealism: You cannot solve everything! You should do anything on the ground, not in the sky! Skepticism: DO not just echo others words! Even the great scientist may make mistakes!Righteousness: Just do the right and ha

214、te evil!Dabbling: Absorb more knowledge about science (physics, cosmology, mathematics, biology, medicine, zoology & botany, etc.) and social science (history, religion research, archeology, arts, and so on). To do so, reading MyScience frequently and more really good popular science books may be he

215、lpful. The story about the discovery of DNS structure is a good example of the benefit from rich knowledge and interests in many different research areas.广嗣斩玫表标遁潮脓拷粕绎柴撩砖胺宵坝伞掠贴淑媚砒迄盈谈噪荫哗协锅如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 2002110Shujun Li, IPC-xjtuThanks for Your Listening!今奢杏只淮诬幢宇蔑赏壳梆退柞碴懈谴溺惕顺辱近劳闰蛮求迭橱鸯悦泞感如何写高水平论文外文科技论文检索与写作March, 2002111Shujun Li, IPC-xjtu