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1、Unit-2-a-brief-Unit-2-a-brief-introduction-to-the-introduction-to-the-united-kingdomunited-kingdomNorthern IrelandBasic InformationvPopulation: 1.642millionvArea: 14 139sqkm vSmallest of the 4 nationsvCapital city: BelfastThe biggest city in the province, east coastvLanguage: English, Irish,vIt is s
2、ignificant of political troublesvGeographic feature: rural low hills, with beautiful lake district in the south-westNorthern IrelandBelfastRugged coastlineGiants CausewayPolitical ProblemsActive Cultural LifeWith many theatres, restaurants, pubs and museums.Poet: Seamus HeaneyFilm-maker: Neil Jordan
3、Pop musician: Van MorrisonPlaywright: Brian FrielPubsMuseumSeamus HeaneyDoor into the DarkThe Spirit Level SEAMUS HEANEY for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past. 李维译：由于其作品洋溢着抒情之美,包容着深邃的伦理,揭示出日常生活和现实历史的奇迹。 Neil Jordan哭泣游戏哭泣游戏 (The Crying Game,1
4、992)勇敢的人（勇敢的人（The Brave One，2007） 冥王星早餐（冥王星早餐（Breakfast on Pluto ，2005） 爱到尽头爱到尽头 The End of the Affair (1999) 在梦中在梦中 In Dreams (1999) 傲气盖天傲气盖天 Michael Collins (1996) 夜访吸血鬼夜访吸血鬼 Interview with the Vampire (1994) Van Morrison No Religion We didnt know no better And they said it could be worse Some peo
5、ple thought it was a blessing Other people think that its a curse Its a choice between fact and fiction Economy Its problems: discouraging investment and its peripherality in relation to the UK.Low living costsIndustrial companies: aircraft, shortsHarland and WoolfAircraft carrier The history of the
6、 Northern Ireland Queen Elizabeth 1(British colonial administration) New settlers which loyal to the british crown come into the Northern Ireland700 years later . The situation is now changing and changing dramaticallyWhat has made the difference?The third home rule bill The Irish desires for an ind
7、ependent Irish state They used political campaign and.terrorist activities to be against the British but failed The most spectacular evevt was the Easter rising of 1916,they took over Dublins Post Office. In 1919.the IRA expanded the fighting The Sinn Fein party gained most of the Irish seats in the
8、 British parliament,Irish independence became inevitable.Can they really succeed? DifferencesvThe majority were ethically different from most British people. They were descendants of the original Celtic people.vReligion difference. Most Irish people remained Catholics, while most British people had
9、became Protestants. ConflictvThe people who emigrated to the north of Ireland still thought of themselves as British.vOrganized a show of force.vThe British government organized a partition, the southern 26 counties got freedom.The Flag Of IrelandThe Flag Of The North IrelandConflicts still exist vN
10、orth Ireland had not been purely “Republican”.vProtestants controlled the local parliament ，dominant the economy and the society.vCatholics lived in poor situation.vArmed conflict developed the troubles.WHY?CatholicsProtestants! want civil rights marches, speeches, sit-insrepressdemonstrations,rioti
11、ngFight !British rule IRAs violence segregationBritish Rule A strong faction(Provisional IRA) thought the armed force was the only way to get British out!BoomingShootingAttacking.Results:vthe British Security forces were strengthenedvthe Protestants took revenge on CatholicsBloody Sundayv1972-the wo
12、rst year of the troubles.vAn important symbol of British oppressionvSome small armed conflictsendemic Norths culturePolitical solutions vA Power-sharing mechanismvDirect-rulevThe effects of British forces So ,what is going on?Margaret Thatcher 撒切尔夫人In the 1980sv11 political prisoners starved to deat
13、h.vThe leaders of the political campaign of Sinn Fein. Spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military.nThe bullet the ballot box.andA series of big bombings in London in the late 1980s and early 1990s increased pressure on the British government to come up with a soluti
14、on.vCooperation between the two governments. In August 1994, the IRA declared a ceasefire. Protestant paramilitary group did the same. Three separate attempts were made to draft an agreement between the British and Irish governments.Firstly, in January 1974,the British Prime Minister Edward Heath se
15、t up a power-sharing executive . vSecondly , the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985.Last, on 10 April 1998. The Good Friday Agreement.The Good Friday AgreementvNorthern Ireland today must be the only country in the world which is recognized as an independent entity.It is govered by three separate jurisdi
16、ctions: that of the Republic of Ireland, that of Great Britain, and that of its own elected executive government of ten ministersvAt present, however, because of the withdrawal of loyalist ministers within this government, the Norths institutions was been suspended by the British government.The Nort
17、h of Ireland is now a quieter and mere civilized place .Then it was been for the last thirty years.vFew bombings.The police actions are fair as well as seen to be fair.ConclusionThe North still has far to go.vEconomyvUnemploymentvreligionsThis present generation, so battle, weary and scarred from sectarian violence, are happy that. The new civil peace at last enables them to get on with building their own lives with the next generationThank you!Sindox 杨杰杨杰 Ale 解奥雷解奥雷Maria 陈佳雯陈佳雯 Paulina 邱艳梅邱艳梅Doris 徐嫣莹徐嫣莹 Cherry 严南严南Sophy 徐静徐静
