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1、ChineseTraditionalHoChineseTraditionalHousesusesThe outlineGeneral introductionFour types of Chinese traditional housesThe differences between Chinese dwellings and Western dwellingsGeneral introductionThe traditional houses refer to those villages that are unofficial, folk like, and the private one
2、s that have been inherited from generation to generation. These residences were not designed by architects or craftsmen which is why they are such an important part of chinese architectural history. The most famous representatives are: Beijings Siheyuan, Fujian Hakka group houses, cave dwellings in
3、northern Shaanxi and Ganlan in Guangxi.Beijings SiheyuanBeijings Siheyan originated in Yuan Dynasty and popular in Beijing, they are great in number and wide in distribution. sihe refers to the east, west, south, north, four sides surrounded with houses to form a mouth-shaped courtyard. Siheyuan can
4、 often be divided into two chambers. The centre of the main structure is where family rituals are held and distinguished gusts are received,and all the houses face towards the central garden, and are connected by Verandas. In general, a formal courtyard House faces south, surrounded by houses which
5、are known as the north or principal room, and the South or inverted seat Room. There are the East and West Wing rooms, and the gate is located in south east corner. The open space in the middle known as the yard has flowers and trees planted in a way so that the people living in the courtyard house
6、are very close to nature. This fits well with the traditional Chinese cultural concept of Heaven and Man. Lingnan Hakka Group HousesIt is a traditional dwelling for Hakkas in west Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi Province. They used rammed earth for load-bearing walls, hence the nameTulou. There are t
7、hree to four floors on average, and the tallest can have up to six floors. The Group Houses are round or square with kitchen or utility room on the ground floor, the storage house for gain, and people live on the above floors.The Central Hall is built for the tribal events such as weddings, furneral
8、s, rituals and other activities. The Hakka people generally like to have a pond in front of their houses,which is an imporant symbol of the Hakka Kakoiya. Including the houses in the yard, Tulou can usually hold more 50 families. Halls, storage houses, domestic animal houses, wells and other public
9、houses are all located in the yard. The Hakkas created this special defensive layout to protect themselves, and its still in use now. GanlanGanlans are mainly distributed in the southwest provinces of China, such as Yuannan, Guizhou, Guangdong and Guangxi. These are the residences for Dai, Jingpo, Z
10、huang and other minority groups. A Ganlan, is a wood or bamboo storeyed house, usually standing alone, which is separated from other Ganlan houses. Supported by poles, the living sector of a Ganlan is usually on the second floor high above the ground, while the first storey is retained for raising d
11、omestic animals and storage.A Ganlan can ward off moisture, as well as the attacks from insects, snacks and other animals. They are suitable for people living in the damp and rainy mountains in the southern China, often characterized by uneven terrain. Up to now, Ganlan can still be seen in parts of
12、 China. Cave dwellings Its mainly distributed in the central and west provinces like shaanxi, Guansu, and Qinghai, where the loess is of great depth and strong and solid enough for cave dwelligs. The loess has little seepage, and provides very good condition for the development of cave dwellngs. Fro
13、m the relation between the cave and the ground, cave dwellings can be divided into three types: cliff, ground, hoop dwellings.The cliff cave dwellingIt is an earth cave dug horizontally along the vertical earth cliff, with the top dug into a semicircle or circular arch shape to let sunshine go in. G
14、round cave dwellingsGround cave dwellings are those dug into square or rectangular pits from the flat ground with a courtyard bellow. From the inside walls of the pits, caves are dug. Ground cave dwellings appeared in the area where there isnt cliff to take advantage of. Form the ground, one can onl
15、y see treetops and the yard but not the caves.The hoop cave dwellingIt is not a real cave. Its a cave-shaped house which is built on the ground with stones, bricks or adobe with construction. If the upper so-called cave is also a hoop, its referred to as a cave upon cave.If the top is a wooden struc
16、ture house, then a house is upon a cave. The cave dwellingis cool in summer and warm in winter, and saves space. Its a harmonious combination of natural environment and human activities.The Great Difference The great difference from western dwellings is that the western style is divergence, while chinese-style is a contraction from outside to inside. Thank you!结束结束
