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1、Specialized English for AutomobileUnit 2-1Main Components of Engine ContentsPre-questionsII.TextExplanationIII.ExercisesI.Pre-questionsTheheartofautomobilevWhatimpressionoftheengine?complicatedpowerI.Pre-questionsvWhatarethetypesoftheengine?velectricmotors,steamengines,andinternalcombustionenginesvW
2、hatstheinternalcombustionengine?vburnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.I.Pre-questionsWords & phrasesvIntakemanifoldmnfld进气管vthrottlert()lvalvevlv节气门vCylinderslndheadcover气缸盖罩vDistributordstrbjt分电器vCylindercover气缸盖vVent-pipeventpa
3、ip排气管vCylinderblock气缸体vSparkplugplg火花塞vtimingdrivingroomcover正时传动室盖vTimingbelt正时齿轮带Words & phrasesvCamshaftkmft凸轮轴vCampulleypl凸轮带轮vCrankshaftkrkft曲轴vCrankshafttimingbeltgearwheel曲轴正时齿形带轮vFlywheel飞轮vWaterjacket水套vPistonpst()n活塞vSumpsmp油底壳vMechanismmek()nz()m机械装置，原理vConnectingrod连杆vlubricatinglu:brike
4、itisystem润滑系统Single-cylinder enginecylinderpistonPiston pinConnecting rodcrankshaftOil pipeIntake valveExhaust valve Timing gearOil pumpvwhatisthepowersourceofautomobileandhowtoproduce?pistonpistonpinconnectingrodcrankshaftEnginePowerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.Theconnectingrodtr
5、ansmitstheup-and-downmotionofthepistontothecrankshaft,whichchangesitintorotarymotion.I.Pre-questionsvTheenginecomprisestwomechanismandfivesystems,whatarethey?vcrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism（曲轴连杆（曲轴连杆装置）装置）,vvalvegear(阀动装置）阀动装置）,vcoolingsystem,vlubricatingsystem,vfuelsystem,vstartingsystem,vigni
6、tionsystemI.Pre-questions9connecting rodflywheelcrankshaftpistonintake valveexhaust valvepush rodtappettiming gears Valve gear Connecting rod Engine cooling systemEngine lubricating systemFuel supply systemValve gearvpistonvcrankshaftvdistributorvsumpvtiminggearvcrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanismvv
7、alvegearvfuelsystemvSparkplugvexhaustmanifoldIII. ExercisesTranslate the following expressions into Chinese.u活塞u曲轴u分电器u油底壳u正时齿轮u曲柄连杆机构u配气机构u燃油系统u火花塞u排气歧管v1-cylinderheadcoverv2-pistonv3-timingbeltv4-waterpumpv5-sumpv6-oilpumpv7-crankshaftv8-flywheelv9-distributorv10-valveIII. ExercisesReading vHowanE
8、ngineWorksvTheinternalcombustionengine,asitsnameindicates,burnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertsexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.Theactionstakingplaceintheenginecylindercanbeclassifiedintofourstages,orstroke.“stroke”referstopistonmovement;astrokeoccurswhenthepistonm
9、ovesfromonelimitingpositiontotheother.vpropelprpelv.推动，驱动vlimitingposition极限位置vTheinternalcombustionengine,asitsnameindicates,burnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.v译文：译文：内燃机，内燃机，顾名思义顾名思义，就是燃料在气缸内部，就是燃料在气缸内部燃烧，并且把燃烧时的膨胀力转化为驱动车辆的燃烧
10、，并且把燃烧时的膨胀力转化为驱动车辆的旋转力。旋转力。II. Text ExplanationvConvert.into.v转变；变换转变；变换vThatbuildinghasbeenconvertedintoaschool.v那座楼房改成学校了。那座楼房改成学校了。v兑换兑换vIwanttoconvertsomeHongKongdollarsintoAmericandollars.v我想把一些港元换成美元。我想把一些港元换成美元。v改变信仰、党派或意见等改变信仰、党派或意见等vShemanagedtoconverthimtoheropinion.v她终于设法说服了他接受她的意见。她终于设法说
11、服了他接受她的意见。II. Text ExplanationReading vHowanEngineWorksv.vTheactionstakingplaceintheenginecylindercanbeclassifiedintofourstages,orstroke.v发动机气缸内的工作过程可以分为四个过程或冲程发动机气缸内的工作过程可以分为四个过程或冲程。vbeclassifiedinto.v分类为、被分成分类为、被分成vMemorycanbeclassifiedintoshort-termandlong-termmemory.v记忆可分为长期记忆和短期记忆。记忆可分为长期记忆和短期记
12、忆。II. Text ExplanationReading vHowanEngineWorksv“Stroke”referstopistonmovement;astrokeoccurswhenthepistonmovesfromonelimitingpositiontotheother.v“冲程”指的是活塞的运动。当活塞从一个极限位置移动到另一个极限位置，即完成了一次冲程。Reading vTheupperlimitofpistonmovementiscalledTDC(topdeadcenter).ThelowerlimitofpistonmovementiscalledBDC(bottom
13、deadcenter).AstrokeispistonmovementfromTDCtoBDCorfromBDCtoTDC.v活塞运动的上极限位置被称为活塞运动的上极限位置被称为TDC（上止点）。（上止点）。v活塞的下极限位置被称为活塞的下极限位置被称为BDC（下止点）。（下止点）。v一个冲程是指活塞从上止点运动到下止点或者从下止点运一个冲程是指活塞从上止点运动到下止点或者从下止点运动到上止点。动到上止点。Reading vInotherwords,thepistoncompletesastrokeeachtimeitchangesitsdirectionofmotion.v换句话说，活塞每完
14、成一次冲程就会改变运动方向。vInotherwordsvInotherwords,theyremainrelativelyconstantorstatic.v换句话说，它们相对的稳定、静止。换句话说，它们相对的稳定、静止。vInotherwords,wehaveadheredtoscientificsocialism.v也就是说，我们坚持了科学社会主义也就是说，我们坚持了科学社会主义Reading vWheretheentirecycleofeventsinthecylinderrequiresfourstrokes(ortwocrankshaftrevolutions),theenginei
15、scalledafour-stroke-cycleengine.Thefourpistonstrokesareintake,compression,powerandexhaust.v气缸内的全部循环运动需要四冲程（或称为二次曲轴转动），这种发动机称为四冲程循环发动机。活塞的四冲程分别为进气行程、压缩行程、做功行程和排气行程。ReadingvIntakestroke.Ontheintakestroke,theintakevalvehasopened,thepistonismovingdownward,andamixtureofairandvaporizedgasolineisenteringth
16、ecylinderthroughthevalveport.Themixtureofairandvaporizedgasolineisdeliveredtothecylinderbythefuelsystemandcarburetor.vVaporizedveprazdadj.汽化的vcarburetor,kbjretn.汽化器ReadingvOntheintakestroke,theintakevalvehasopened,thepistonismovingdownward,andamixtureofairandvaporizedgasolineisenteringthecylinderthr
17、oughthevalveport.v“在进气行程中，进气门打开，活塞向下移动，可燃混合在进气行程中，进气门打开，活塞向下移动，可燃混合气通过进气门进入气缸。气通过进气门进入气缸。ReadingvThemixtureofairandvaporizedgasolineisdeliveredtothecylinderbythefuelsystemandcarburetor.v适当浓度的可燃混合气是由燃料系统和化油器提供的。适当浓度的可燃混合气是由燃料系统和化油器提供的。vCompressionstroke.AfterthepistonreachesBDC,orthelowerlimitofitstr
18、avel.Itbeginstomoveupwards.Asthishappens,theintakevalvecloses.Theexhaustvalveisalsoclosed,sothatthecylinderissealed.Asthepistonmovesupward(pushednowbytherevolvingcrankshaftandconnectingrod),theair-fuelmixtureiscompressedtoaslittleasone-tenthofitsoriginalvolume,orevenless.Whentheair-fuelmixtureiscomp
19、ressed,notonlydoesthepressureinthecylindertoup,butthetemperatureofthemixturealsoincreases.vrevolvingrvlvadj.旋转的vvolumevljumn.量vAfterthepistonreachesBDC,orthelowerlimitofitstravel.Itbeginstomoveupwards.Asthishappens,theintakevalvecloses.Theexhaustvalveisalsoclosed,sothatthecylinderissealed.v在活塞到达下止点时
20、或者是活塞下限时，活塞开始向上运在活塞到达下止点时或者是活塞下限时，活塞开始向上运动。同时，进气门关闭，排气门也关闭，所以这时的汽缸动。同时，进气门关闭，排气门也关闭，所以这时的汽缸是封闭的。是封闭的。vAsthepistonmovesupward(pushednowbytherevolvingcrankshaftandconnectingrod),theair-fuelmixtureiscompressedtoaslittleasone-tenthofitsoriginalvolume,orevenless.v当活塞向上运动时当活塞向上运动时(这时是由转动的曲轴和连杆推动活塞这时是由转动的曲
21、轴和连杆推动活塞)，可燃混合气被压缩。当活塞到达上止点时，可燃混合气，可燃混合气被压缩。当活塞到达上止点时，可燃混合气被压缩到有原体积的十分之下甚至更少。被压缩到有原体积的十分之下甚至更少。vWhentheair-fuelmixtureiscompressed,notonlydoesthepressureinthecylindertoup,butthetemperatureofthemixturealsoincreases.v当油气混合燃料被压缩时，不仅汽缸里的压力上升，可燃混合气的温度也随之增加了。vPowerstroke.AsthepistonreachesTDConthecompress
22、ionstroke,andelectricsparkisproducedatthesparkplug.Theignitionsystemdeliversahigh-voltagesurgeofelectricitytothesparkplugtoproducethespark.Thesparkignitestheair-fuelmixture.Itnowbeginstoburnveryrapidly,andthecylinderpressureincreasedtoasmuchas3-5MPaorevenmore.Thisterrificpushagainstthepistonforcesit
23、downward,andapowerimpulseistransmittedthroughtheconnectingrodtothecrankpinonthecrankshaft.Thecrankshaftisrotatedasthepistonispusheddownbythepressureaboveit.vAsthepistonreachesTDConthecompressionstroke,andelectricsparkisproducedatthesparkplug.Theignitionsystemdeliversahigh-voltagesurgeofelectricityto
24、thesparkplugtoproducethespark.v当活塞到达压缩行程的上止点时，火花塞产生电火花。v电火花是由点火系统向火花塞提供高压电脉冲而产生的。vvThesparkignitestheair-fuelmixture.Itnowbeginstoburnveryrapidly,andthecylinderpressureincreasedtoasmuchas3-5MPaorevenmore.v电火花点燃可燃混合气。可燃混合气开始发生剧烈燃烧，气缸内压力达到3-5兆帕，甚至更高。vThisterrificpushagainstthepistonforcesitdownward,an
25、dapowerimpulseistransmittedthroughtheconnectingrodtothecrankpinonthecrankshaft.Thecrankshaftisrotatedasthepistonispusheddownbythepressureaboveit.v作用于活塞上强大的推动力推动活塞向下运动，并将这一推力通过连杆传到曲轴上的连杆轴颈上。v因此，当活塞受压向下运动时，推动曲轴转动。vExhauststroke.AsthepistonreachesBDCagain,theexhaustvalveopens.Now,asthepistonmovesuponth
26、eexhauststroke,itforcestheburnedgasesoutofthecylinderthroughtheexhaust-valveport.Then,whenthepistonreachesTDC,theexhaustvalveclosedandtheintakevalveopens.Now,afreshchargeofair-fuelmixturewillbedrawnintothecylinderasthepistonmovesdowntowardBDC.vThisfourstrokecycleofpistonwithinthecylinderisrepeatedti
27、meandagaintoputthevehicleforward.vAsthepistonreachesBDCagain,theexhaustvalveopens.Now,asthepistonmovesupontheexhauststroke,itforcestheburnedgasesoutofthecylinderthroughtheexhaust-valveport.v当活塞再一次到达下止点时，排气门打开。v同时，活塞向上移动，把废气经排气门排出气缸。vThen,whenthepistonreachesTDC,theexhaustvalveclosedandtheintakevalve
28、opens.Now,afreshchargeofair-fuelmixturewillbedrawnintothecylinderasthepistonmovesdowntowardBDC.v随后活塞达到上止点，排气门关闭，进气门打开。当活塞又一次向下移动到达下止点时，新鲜燃混合气被吸入气缸。vThisfourstrokecycleofpistonwithinthecylinderisrepeatedagainandagaintoputthevehicleforward.v上述的四个行程又继续重复，推进车辆前进。vstrokevBDCvTDCvsurgevterrificvcrankpinvi
29、ntakestrokevCompressionstrokevpowerstrokevexhauststrokevfreshchargev行程，冲程；v上止点；v下止点；v冲击，脉动；v了不起的，绝妙的；v曲柄销，连杆轴颈；v吸气冲程；v压缩冲程；v做功冲程；v排气冲程；v吸入的新鲜混合油气vI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.v1Engineisthepowersourceoftheautomobile.Powerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.v发动机是汽车的动力源发动机是汽车
30、的动力源.它通过汽缸内的活塞线性运动产生它通过汽缸内的活塞线性运动产生的的.v2Thefuelsystemworksaccordingtotherequirementsoftheengineasitprovidesanair-fuelmixturewhichmustbeinproportiontothespeedandloadplacedontheengine.v燃油系统的作用是根据发动机的转速和负荷提供一定比例燃油系统的作用是根据发动机的转速和负荷提供一定比例的可燃混合气以满足发动机的需求。的可燃混合气以满足发动机的需求。III. Exercisesv3Thevalvegearprovide
31、stimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylindersandexhaustofspentgasesfromthem.v配气机构机构可定时的将新鲜气体充入气缸，并配气机构机构可定时的将新鲜气体充入气缸，并且将废气排放出去。且将废气排放出去。III. Exercisesv1发动机主要有两大机构五大系统组成。发动机主要有两大机构五大系统组成。vAnengineismainlycomposedoftwomechanismsandfivesystems.v2曲柄连杆机构主要包括机体组，活塞连杆组和曲轴飞曲柄连杆机构主要包括机体组，活塞连杆组和曲轴飞轮组。轮组。v
32、Thecrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanismmainlyconsistsoftheenginecrankcaseandcylinderblock,thepistonandconnectingrod,thecrankshaftandflywheel.III. ExercisesII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.v3水泵工作时，可以将冷却液在发动机水套中和散热器水泵工作时，可以将冷却液在发动机水套中和散热器之间来回流动。之间来回流动。vWhenrevolving,thewaterpumpcirculatescoolantbetweentheenginewaterjacketsandtheradiator.III. ExercisesIII. ExercisesvPrinciple of Four-stroke Engine1、intake stroke 2、compress stroke 3、power stroke 4、exhaust stroke IntakevalveExhaustvalveSpecialized English for Automobile
