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1、 2006, Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.1亮驰环洛内氢发卡姑侦窒悼鬃善绎人孟稽拉腆摹播丧激力升攘寅风舌颧亦6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations静态路由静态路由Static Route深圳职业技术学院计算机系网络专业深圳职业技术学院计算机系网络专业像薛背脆基窟蓟村燕阮屎鸡糟胳气厩斟纬菜柴沏筒遂雹樟劈鹃昭抨悼准戳6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzh
2、en Polytechnic. All rights reserved.2教学目标（教学目标（ Objectives ）1.IP路由（路由（IP Routing）2.路由选择和路由表路由选择和路由表 （Path Determination and IP Routing Table）3.路由数据包（路由数据包（ Routing Packets ）4.路径交换（路径交换（ Path Switching ）5.被路由协议与路由协议被路由协议与路由协议（ Routed Protocol and Routing Protocol ）6.静态路由和动态路由静态路由和动态路由 （Static Routes
3、and Dynamic Routes）7.静态路由（静态路由（ Static Route ）8.默认路由（默认路由（Default Route）讫妥啮逝乳果怒精什业科卑细驶诲液悄肉蔡模睡劫凝啄坤薯刘直罩瞎耗臭6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.3路由选择和路由表路由选择和路由表 （Path Determination and IP Routing Table）为了路由数据包，路由器应该知道：为了路由数据包，路由器应
4、该知道：To route, a router needs to know:目的地址目的地址（Destination addresses ）源地址源地址（ Sources it can learn from）可能路由可能路由（ Possible routes ）最佳路由最佳路由（ Best route ）维护和更新路由信息维护和更新路由信息（Maintain and verify routing information）赚糕躺湿师畸联塌毁蛛篙询闪相磨簧的蚕眼饥坑秸蝉莫侧俊川铝互材数勤6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentat
5、ions 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.4路由选择和路由表路由选择和路由表 （Path Determination and IP Routing Table）筷篱食艾辞湾瘦创里来猩臼工故暖曾胚院脆雾炯烛竿辟涪耀蠢氟傈袍肿屈6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.5路由器怎样传递数据包路由器怎样传递数据包(How Routers Route Packets
6、from Source to Destination )1.拆包拆包(remove the data link layer address)2.查表查表(refer to the routing table)3.打包打包(encapsulating a new frame)4.转发转发(forwarding the packet)安涅创篆隔另菲遂釉旱锌毡甜荷堑霓可臀翔榴篓式毖寥芭括机封沽负钟毗6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights re
7、served.6路由器怎样传递数据包路由器怎样传递数据包How Routers Route Packets from Source to Destination捻俘甜村弛研眯硅宗敢浑胁命噎淡译听九亥用援把绵迈烷染茎虽啊逆作曲6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.7主机地址和网络地址主机地址和网络地址(Network Addressing and Host Addressing )路由器用网络地址来确定数据包的目的网络
8、。路由器用网络地址来确定数据包的目的网络。The router uses the network address to identify the destination network (LAN) of a packet within an internetwork.札景裴贝孙哦笔伸焊庸长砚郎拖矢暇菜嗽软渝兹第惧敌政座蔑序颠桐赵派6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.8路由器确定网络地址路由器确定网络地址（Deter
9、mining Network Address）挺舷叼铭务犬谓遂柠棵脑吝惠抗女岿脓问狱昔秽判猎帚笺耿贫敛痊赶露累6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.9路径交换（路径交换（Path Switching）数据包在传递过程中，网络地址保持不变，数据包在传递过程中，网络地址保持不变，MAC地址在不断的变化。地址在不断的变化。As the packet move through the internetwork,its MAC
10、 address changes,but its network address remains the same.驳敦惟诽刊很缘结几七宏蟹身窥碴纤鱼飘朴宛幸壤撇著溅厢罪逗厉争硕镭6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.10被路由协议和路由协议被路由协议和路由协议（Routed Protocol and Routing Protocol）被路由协议：用来在路由器之间传递用户的信息被路由协议：用来在路由器之间传递用户的信
11、息Routed protocols: transport data across a network.（IP,IPX）路由协议：用于维护路由器的路由表路由协议：用于维护路由器的路由表Routing protocols: allow routers to choose the best path for data from source to destination. （RIP,OSPF,EIGRP）卷统时磋你益锻仕淹叁砖垄藕洼庆蹲矗卒灵函眨坊吧戴合扯惹枪句势镣垛6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006
12、Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.111. 静态路由：网络管理员手工定义静态路由：网络管理员手工定义Static Route：Uses a route that a network administrator enters into the router manually2. 动态路由：动态路由：自动适应网络拓扑结构变化自动适应网络拓扑结构变化Dynamic Route ：Uses a route that a network routing protocol adjusts automatically for topology or traf
13、fic changes静态路由和动态路由静态路由和动态路由 (Static Routes and Dynamic Routes)坪拳啮皑柑颤园转额开眺帚零垮打掏椅顽旋懒芒隘聚匠驼冠厂踪荐屉幕至6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.12172.16.2.1S0/0静态路由（静态路由（Static Routes）172.16.1.0B172.16.2.2NetworkABStub NetworkS0/0妥瓷练徊昆肉皂卷敬
14、滓色筷锚刘卉汛边篱明蜗亥福录涛启两蝗疼妨绽吓蚤6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.13静态路由操作（静态路由操作（Static Route Operation ）1.网络管理员配置静态路由网络管理员配置静态路由Network administrator configures the route 2.路由器将静态路由装入路由表中路由器将静态路由装入路由表中Router installs the route in th
15、e routing table 3.使用静态路由转发数据包使用静态路由转发数据包Packets are routed using the static route 逻氢殴杂感筹傍规酸诛悦揪茸需魏力壶遍指鼎厢效囤丰犹虚赫泰缓产怜矽6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.14存根网络（存根网络（Stub Network）存根网络对外只有一个出口，配置静态路由就足够了存根网络对外只有一个出口，配置静态路由就足够了When a
16、 network is accessible by only one path, a static route to the network can be sufficient. This type of network is called a stub network. 盖史雷际列蛔用即窥脚秆咱针钱灼梭凳笑晌滁讫谊淡皖变逐毖沏氓悔氨拢6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.15静态路由定义了一条到目标网络或子网的路径
17、静态路由定义了一条到目标网络或子网的路径Defines a path to an IP destination network or subnetRouter(config)#ip route network mask address | interfacedistance配置静态路由（配置静态路由（配置静态路由（配置静态路由（Static Route ConfigurationStatic Route Configuration）1.ip route ：静态路由配置命令（：静态路由配置命令（command）2.Network：目标网络（：目标网络（destination network）3.
18、mask：网络掩码（：网络掩码（subnet mask）4.Address：下一跳地址（：下一跳地址（Next-hop address）5.Interface：本地出接口（：本地出接口（Local outgoing interface）6.Distance：管理距离（管理距离（administrative distance ）星撂乒酋颐训虱庙茶春吗衍要谱吠帜棚皱撕洪掸粥肆绷莆聘膊汽琼翘塔唐6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights rese
19、rved.16Stub Networkip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1172.16.2.1S0/0配置静态路由实例（配置静态路由实例（Static Route Example）172.16.1.0B172.16.2.2NetworkAB这只是单向配置，在另一端也必须有相应的路由，网络才通这只是单向配置，在另一端也必须有相应的路由，网络才通 This is a unidirectional route. You must have a route configured in the opposite direction.10.0.0.0浪祟
20、惰措美灯影忠驳般藻剂孩掉穗钞咀憾实缝捐湾舶城姚捞住锣盗漂榷淬6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.17验证静态路由配置验证静态路由配置（Verifying Static Route Configuration ）R1# show ip route（查看路由表查看路由表）Gateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 1.1.1
21、.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsS 2.2.2.0 1/0 via 12.12.12.2 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0并僻犹鲜孽驳平盯凯医锣香根箩返溶泽爱鲍仙事好奈毗处平惶缕格寅转航6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic.
22、All rights reserved.18默认路由（默认路由（Default Routes ）当数据包的网络在路由表中每匹配的时候，就使用当数据包的网络在路由表中每匹配的时候，就使用默认路由转发数据包。如果没有默认路由，则丢包。默认路由转发数据包。如果没有默认路由，则丢包。Default routes are used to route packets with destinations that do not match any of the other routes in the routing table. If default route is not configred，just
23、drop it。糊苯愉绎钡桨渍华斟臂扣读簇晨胜樊胜篓店沫分凌式淘菜阁肺架嗅方捎丁6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.19Stub Networkip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.2.2默认路由配置实例（默认路由配置实例（Default Routes Example ）172.16.2.1S0/0172.16.1.0B172.16.2.2NetworkABThis route allow
24、s the stub network to reach all known networks beyond router A.0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0用于用于默认路由默认路由10.0.0.0蝗监迹趾绞色郎峰牢偏删剿磊猿吼林锄畅否拴臣逐衙蛛尸叛暖庶柴烩撮靶6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.20验证默认路由配置验证默认路由配置（Verifying Default Route Configuration ）R1#
25、 show ip route（查看路由表查看路由表）1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsS* 0.0.0.0 1/0 via 12.12.12.2 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0唉疤姜旁贤奥鞠趣涩女击冰猾翱驱捉凰验叫琳讫苔到茸狗昌跪俯哀斗车朱6-静态路由Static RouteGui
26、de for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.21Case Study配置静态路由，确保网络畅通配置静态路由，确保网络畅通免馋曙爽她蔷伏玄氖沉浴橙规魏酱铝蚌粕光云霹挤霍鹰喊洼弟游容树城贤6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations 2006 Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved.22思考题（思考题（Questions）1.路由器怎样传递数据包？路由器怎样传递数据包？2.路由器怎样计算网络地址？路由器怎样计算网络地址？3.数据包在传递过程中，路径交换的特征是怎样的？数据包在传递过程中，路径交换的特征是怎样的？4.被路由协议和路由协议的作用是怎样的？被路由协议和路由协议的作用是怎样的？5.静态路由和动态路由的特征是什么？静态路由和动态路由的特征是什么？6.为什么使用默认路由？为什么使用默认路由？亩换滥戊尼淆恬德砚鞍嘛改暴沿薄辑额挺勤婶砾词仰午慕才口班镑壕虐窝6-静态路由Static RouteGuide for Creating Powerpoint Presentations
