了不起的盖茨比解读

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1、The Great GatsbyF. Scott FitzgeraldA spokesman of the “Jazz Age”The Great GatsbyArrangement1.Background2.Fitzgerald3.The Great Gatsby Plotline Character Analysis Theme SymbolsBackgroundv-1920s-vTheFirstWorldWar;ThesenseoflifebeingdislocatedandfragmentedvEconomicboomvSocialrevelutionvThelossoffaithv-

2、1930s-vTheGreatDepressionJazz Age& The Roaring 1920svThe Jazz Age describes the period of the 1920s and 1930s.The 1920s began with high hopes. World War One was over. The twenties ended with a huge drop in stock market prices that began the Great Depression. Fitzgerald was a representative of the ye

3、ars of fast living in between. vThe nations values had changed in this period. Many Americans were concerned mainly with having a good time and doing what you will. American society enjoyed unprecedented levels of prosperity. People broke the law by drinking alcohol and lived in a corrupt society. T

4、hey danced to jazz music, and women wore short skirts. JazzAgevThenovelistF.ScottFitzgeraldcoinedtheterm“JazzAge”retrospectivelytorefertothedecadeafterWorldWarandbeforethestockmarketcrashin1929,duringwhichAmericansembarkeduponwhathecalled“thegaudiest(最华而不实(最华而不实的)的)spreeinhistory”.TheLostGenerationv

5、GertrudeStein-HemingwayvThelostgenerationincludedtheyoungEnglishandAmericanexpatriatesaswellasmenandwomencaughtinthewarandcutfromtheoldvalueandyetunabletocometotermswiththenewerawhencivilizationshadgonemad.vThesewritersadoptedunconventionalstyleofwritingandreactedagainstthetendenciesoftheoldwritersi

6、nthe1920s.vOf his own time, Fitzgerald said: There seemed no question about what was going to happen. America was going on the greatest party in its history and there was going to be plenty to tell about. Yet if he described only the party, his writings would have been forgotten when the party ended

7、.FrancisScottFitzgerald(1896-1940)Americannovelistandshort-storywriter,isborninSt.Paul,Minnesota.Bornofmiddle-classparents,Fitzgeraldattendedprivateschools,enteringPrincetonin1913.HebecamepartoftheTriangleClub,aintellectualsetanddevelopingareputation.Hewasplacedonacademicprobation(留留校察看校察看)inhisjuni

8、oryear,andin1917heleftPrincetontojointhearmy.WhilestationedinMontgomery,Alabama,hemetandfellinlovewithZeldaSayre(泽尔达泽尔达塞尔塞尔),thedaughteroflocaljudge.Duringthattime,hebeganworkingonhisfirstnovel,The Side Of Paradise.Publishedin1920,thenovelwasaninstantsuccessandbroughthimenoughmoneytomarryZeldathatsa

9、meyear.TheyoungcouplemovedtoNewYorkCity,wheretheybecamenotoriousfortheirmadcap(鲁(鲁莽的,狂妄的)莽的,狂妄的)lifestyle.Thecharm,glowandthepathosoftheirflamboyant(炫(炫耀的)耀的)lifetogetherhadbeenaninspirationforFitzgerald.Butthecouplewerealsofightingeachotherallthetime.Zeldabegantohavebreakdown,andhadtobeputinamental

10、institution(精神病院)(精神病院).Thisoccurredintheearlythirties-itwasatragictime.FitzgeraldhadtowritehardertoearnmoremoneytosendZeldatothebestmentalhospitalandtheirdaughter,Scottie,tothebestandmostfashionableschool.Threethingseventuallycombinedtobreakhimdown:loneliness,alcoholandtheawarenessthathewasdissipat

11、inghistalent.In1940,attheageof44,hedied,offrustration.vCommissionedasa2ndlieutenantinWWIvJune1918-assignednearMontegomery,Al.vFellinlovewith18yearoldZeldaSayre,dischargedin1919-wenttoN.YtoseekfortuneinordertomarryZelda.Zelda-inlovewithFitzgerald-wouldnotmarryhimunlesshewaswealthyvFitzgeraldwrotenove

12、lThis Side of Paradise &gotitpublished.BegantopublishstoriesinThe Saturday Evening Post&withpublicationofParadise,Fitzgeraldfoundovernightsuccess.F.Scott & Zelda aftertheir weddingvMarriedZeldaandbegananextravagant&wildlifestylevlivedinN.Y.&wrote2ndnovel,The Beautiful and The Damned,v1sttriptoEurope

13、thensettledinSt.PaulwhereFrancesScott(Scottie),theironlychildwasbornv1922-movedtoGreatNeck,LongIsland-drinkingincreasedforbothFitzgeraldsbutF.Scottwrotesober-apainstakingreviservWroteinaclear,lyrical,colorful,wittystylev2ndmajorthemeismutabilityorlossvBecameassociatedwith“TheJazzAge”.“Itwasanageofmi

14、racles,itwasanageofart,itwasanageofexcess,anditwasanageofsatire”vWenttoFrancein24andwroteThe Great Gatsby-publishedin1925vThe Great Gatsby-strikingadvanceinFitzgeraldstechnique-complexstructure&controllednarativepointofview-criticalpraisebutdisappointingsales.vInParis,metHemingway,anexpatriate,&stay

15、edinParistil1926vZeldasbehaviorbecameincreasinglyeccentric in1930shesufferedher1stbreakdown.Fitzgeraldwroteshortstoriestopayforherdoctorsfeesv1932Zeldahadrelapse&spentrestofherlifein&outofsanitariums.v1934,Fitzgeraldpublishedhis4thnovel,Tender is the Night-acommercialfailurev1937-FitzgeraldwenttoHol

16、lywoodalonewithacontractfromMGM,eventuallyearning$1,250/wk.vDiedofaheartattackonDec.21,1940vZeldadiedinfireinahospitalin1948vF.ScottFitzgeralddiedbelievinghimselfafailure.Obituarieswerecondescending&heseemeddestinedforliteraryobscurityThis Side Of Paradise 人间天堂人间天堂Flappers And Philosopher 时髦女和哲学家时髦女

17、和哲学家The Beautiful And The Damned 美丽与诅咒美丽与诅咒The Great Gatsby 了不起的盖茨比了不起的盖茨比Tender Is The Night 夜色温柔夜色温柔The Great GatsbyPlotOverviewvGatsbyisapooryouthfallinlovewithDaisy,awealthygirlvnomoneyDaisymarriedtoarichmanvbootlegging(非法制造私酒)(非法制造私酒),“shady”activitiesenoughmoney,dazzlingpartiesalluringDaisyvme

18、etagain,notquitetheidealloveofhisdreamasenseoflossvDaisykillsawomaninanaccidentshifttheblametoGatsbyGatsbyisshootandBuchanansescape.The Great GatsbyvThesettingofThe Great GatsbyisNewYorkCityandLongIslandduringthe1920s.vNickCarraway,thenarrator,isayoungPrincetonman,whoworksasabondbrokerinManhattan.He

19、becomesinvolvedinthelifeofhisneighboratLongIsland.vJayGatsby,shadyandmysteriousfinancier,whoisentertaininghundredsofguestsatlavishparties.GatsbyrevealstoNick,thatheandNickscousinDaisyFayBuchanan,hadabriefaffairbeforethewar.However,DaisymarriedTomBuchanan,arichbutboringmanofsocialposition.The Great G

20、atsbyvGatsbylostDaisybecausehehadnomoney,butheisstillinlovewithher.HepersuadesNicktobringhimandDaisytogetheragain.Youcantrepeatthepast,Nicksaystohim.GatsbytriestoconvinceDaisytoleaveTom,who,inturn,revealsthatGatsbyhasmadehismoneyfrombootlegging.Theyrearottenbunch,NickshoutstoGatsby.Youreworththewhol

21、edamnbunchputtogether.Daisy,drivingGatsbyscar,hitsandkillsTomsmistress,MyrtleWilson,unawareofheridentity.GatsbyremainssilenttoprotectDaisy.TomtellsMyrtleshusbandWilsonitwasGatsbywhokilledhiswife.WilsonmurdersGatsbyandthencommitssuicide.NickislefttoarrangeGatsbysfuneral,attendedonlyGatsbysfatherandon

22、eformerguest.JayGatsbyTomBuchananDaisyBuchananTheWilsonsNickThe story deals symbolically with the failure of the American Dream. It is the story of a young mans search for his ideal of love. It also is a story of what the young man must do to win that love before he discovers that it is not worth ha

23、ving. The novel is always compared to Fitzgeralds life.Gatsbystruggleformoney,Daisy,fame,butendssadlyRuinedbyloverDaisyandwealthypeoplearoundFitzgeraldStruggleformoneyZeldaSpoiltimeonpartiesTorturedbyloverZeldaRuinedbyalcoholandcorruptlifeCharacterAnalysisNickCarrawayvThedramaticnarrator.vNickissuit

24、edtonarratingTheGreatGatsbybecauseofhistemperament.Heistolerant,open-minded,quiet,andagoodlistener,and,asaresult,otherstendtotalktohimandtellhimtheirsecrets.vAsaresultofhisrelationshiptothesetwocharacters,Nickistheperfectchoicetonarratethenovel,whichfunctionsasapersonalmemoirofhisexperienceswithGats

25、byinthesummerof1922.NickCarrawayvCarrawayslimitedomniscience(全知,无限的全知,无限的知识)知识)determinethefactthathedealsoutinformationinsuchamannerthatheseemstowithholditfirst,thuscreatingasuperbeffectofmysteryandsuspense.vAtlast,thewholesecretisunraveledandpastandpresentmingletobringthetragicdramatopathetic,sign

26、ificantfinish.NickTom,DaisyandfriendsWilsonsGatsby富有富有 傲慢傲慢 清高清高 狂妄狂妄星期六晚邮报星期六晚邮报缺乏知性缺乏知性粗俗粗俗闲谈闲谈疯狂疯狂 默默无闻默默无闻不为人知的悲痛不为人知的悲痛Threegroupsofpeoplesociallydistinctfromoneanotherinbehavior,languageandeverythingelse.Nickgenerallyassumesasecondaryrolethroughoutthenovel,preferringtodescribeandcommentonevent

27、sratherthandominatetheaction.Often,however,hefunctionsasFitzgeraldsvoice.InsofarasNickplaysaroleinsidethenarrative,heevidencesastronglymixedreactiontolifeontheEastCoast,onethatcreatesapowerfulinternalconflictthathedoesnotresolveuntiltheendofthebook.Ontheonehand,Nickisattractedtothefast-paced,fun-dri

28、venlifestyleofNewYork.Ontheotherhand,hefindsthatlifestylegrotesqueanddamaging.Nickrealizesthatthefastlifeofrevelry(狂欢狂欢)ontheEastCoastisacoverfortheterrifyingmoralemptiness.JayGatsbyAromanticdreamer:timecanbefixed,thepastcanberepeated,youthbeautyandlovecanberecaptured.vAsymbolforthewholeAmericanexpe

29、rience:corruptionofhisdreambyadoptingmaterialismasitsmeansandillusoryyouthandbeautyasitsgoalisthecorruptionofAmericanidealism.DaisyBuchananvHervoicesoundsfullofmoney.vAmemberofsecretsocietyofestablishwealth.vBeautiful,enchanting,buthollowvFitzgeraldsgreatnessliesinthefactthathefoundintuitively,inhis

30、personalexperience,theembodimentofthatofthenationandcreatedamythoutofAmericanlife.v菲茨杰拉德的伟大之处在于通过个人经历,菲茨杰拉德的伟大之处在于通过个人经历,他依靠直觉找到了一个民族精神的体现,他依靠直觉找到了一个民族精神的体现,并创造了美国的神话。并创造了美国的神话。ThelastparagraphsofthisnovelvHehadcomealongwaytothisbluelawnandhisdreammusthaveseemedsoclosethathecouldhardlyfailtograspit.

31、Hedidnotknowthatitwasalreadybehindhim,somewherebackinthatvastobscuritybeyondthecity,wherethedarkfieldsoftherepublicrolledonunderthenight.vGatsbybelievedinthegreenlight,theorgasticfuturethatyearbyyearrecedesbeforeus.Iteludedusthen,butthatsnomatter-tomorrowwewillrunfaster,stretchoutourarmsfarther.Ando

32、nefinemorning-vSowebeaton,boatsagainstthecurrent,bornebackceaselesslyintothepast.他千里迢迢的来到这片蓝色的他千里迢迢的来到这片蓝色的草坪上,他的梦一定让他觉得草坪上,他的梦一定让他觉得近在咫尺,他几乎不可能抓不近在咫尺,他几乎不可能抓不住的。他不知道那个梦已经落住的。他不知道那个梦已经落到他身后了,落在这个城市纳到他身后了,落在这个城市纳一望无垠的灰暗中,那里合众一望无垠的灰暗中,那里合众国黑油油的田野在黑夜中向前国黑油油的田野在黑夜中向前伸展开来。伸展开来。 盖兹比信奉那盏绿灯,它象征盖兹比信奉那盏绿灯,它象征

33、着那个一年年在我们面前渐消着那个一年年在我们面前渐消渐退的令人激动的未来。以前渐退的令人激动的未来。以前它从我们面前溜走,但是没关它从我们面前溜走,但是没关系,明天我们会跑得更快,我系,明天我们会跑得更快,我们的双臂会伸得更长,然后总们的双臂会伸得更长,然后总会有一个美好的早晨。会有一个美好的早晨。 所以我们要像逆流中的扁舟,所以我们要像逆流中的扁舟,虽然不断的被推回到过去,但虽然不断的被推回到过去,但仍要继续奋力向前仍要继续奋力向前TheDeclineoftheAmericanDreaminthe1920svTheunrestraineddesireformoneyandpleasuresu

34、rpassedmorenoblegoals.vWhenWorldWarIendedin1918,thegenerationofyoungAmericanswhohadfoughtthewarbecameintenselydisillusioned,asthebrutalcarnagethattheyhadjustfacedmadetheVictoriansocialmoralityofearly-twentieth-centuryAmericaseemlikestuffy,emptyhypocrisy(伪善)伪善).vEastEggrepresentstheestablishedaristoc

35、racy,WestEggtheself-maderichvApersonfromanysocialbackgroundcould,potentially,makeafortune,buttheAmericanaristocracyscornedthenewlyrichindustrialistsandspeculators.vThevarioussocialclimbersandambitiousspeculatorswhoattendGatsbyspartiesevidencethegreedyscrambleforwealth.vJustasAmericanshavegivenAmeric

36、ameaningthroughtheirdreamsfortheirownlives,GatsbyinstillsDaisywithakindofidealizedperfectionthatsheneitherdeservesnorpossesses.vAmericandreaminthe1920sisruinedbytheunworthinessofitsobjectmoneyandpleasure.TheGreenLightvBecauseGatsbysquestforDaisyisbroadlyassociatedwiththeAmericandream,thegreenlightal

37、sosymbolizesthatmoregeneralizedideal.vThegreenlightrepresentsgatsbyshopesanddreamsforthefuture.TheValleyofAshesvItrepresentsthemoralandsocialdecaythatresultsfromtheuninhibitedpursuitofwealth,astherichindulgethemselveswithregardfornothingbuttheirownpleasure.vThevalleyofashesalsosymbolizestheplightoft

38、hepoor,likeGeorgeWilson,wholiveamongthedirtyashesandlosetheirvitalityasaresult.TheEyesofDoctorT.J.EckleburgvTheymayrepresentgodstaringdownuponandjudgingAmericansocietyasamoralwasteland.vTheeyesalsocometorepresenttheessentialmeaninglessnessoftheworldandthearbitrarinessofthementalprocessbywhichpeoplei

39、nvestobjectswithmeaning.作者简介作者简介v弗弗司各特司各特菲茨杰拉德菲茨杰拉德是是20世纪杰出的美国小说世纪杰出的美国小说家,家,“迷惘的一代迷惘的一代”代表代表作家之一,被称为作家之一,被称为“爵士爵士乐时代的歌手乐时代的歌手”和和“20年年代富人的分析家代富人的分析家”。他塑。他塑造的人物形象大多是一群造的人物形象大多是一群战后追求梦幻的青年男女,战后追求梦幻的青年男女,他们都与作者的个人经历他们都与作者的个人经历有着密切的内在联系。有着密切的内在联系。v他以敏锐的观察和诗意的他以敏锐的观察和诗意的描绘,吟唱了一曲曲描绘,吟唱了一曲曲“美美国梦国梦”遭遇破灭的哀歌。

40、遭遇破灭的哀歌。v主要作品有长篇小说:主要作品有长篇小说:了不起的盖茨比、了不起的盖茨比、夜色温柔、人间天夜色温柔、人间天堂等。堂等。人物介绍人物介绍1、Daisy浅薄和自私浅薄和自私的的Gatsby对于感情的忠贞对于感情的忠贞vs他看待问题缺乏深度,缺乏应有的判他看待问题缺乏深度,缺乏应有的判断力和洞察力,断力和洞察力,“没有认识到上流社会极端卑劣、自私的本质,没有认识到上流社会极端卑劣、自私的本质,”结果玩火自焚结果玩火自焚她和盖茨比也都是自私的,他们之间的她和盖茨比也都是自私的,他们之间的“爱情爱情”是一种相是一种相互利用的关系。互利用的关系。2、Tom欲望和野心欲望和野心的的Gatsb

41、y拥有野心,想要霸占任何能够勾起他欲望的东西,无论是拥有野心,想要霸占任何能够勾起他欲望的东西,无论是在物质层面还是在精神层面。在物质层面还是在精神层面。两人命运不同的结局揭露了资本主义社会的两人命运不同的结局揭露了资本主义社会的“游戏规则游戏规则”明显的阶级对立,绝不允许有野心的下层社会的人加入明显的阶级对立,绝不允许有野心的下层社会的人加入到他们的到他们的“游戏游戏”行列当中行列当中3、Myrtle虚无和梦幻虚无和梦幻的的Gatsby她和盖茨比一样,拥有相同的出生背景,也是一个她和盖茨比一样,拥有相同的出生背景,也是一个梦的追随者。追求社会上层阶级的身份。梦的追随者。追求社会上层阶级的身份

42、。不管怎么说,盖茨比想要的也都不是黛西这个人,不管怎么说,盖茨比想要的也都不是黛西这个人,他想要追求的只是自己心目中的金色女郎,自己五年前他想要追求的只是自己心目中的金色女郎,自己五年前的金色梦想。的金色梦想。4、Wilson浪漫和执著浪漫和执著的的Gatsby坚持崇尚名誉观并真爱自己的妻子而走向了毁灭。坚持崇尚名誉观并真爱自己的妻子而走向了毁灭。在这道德的垃圾场上,他成为了浪漫和坚持理想的牺牲在这道德的垃圾场上,他成为了浪漫和坚持理想的牺牲品品”这正说明了像盖茨比和威尔逊这样的人这正说明了像盖茨比和威尔逊这样的人那种有那种有感情式理想的浪漫的人在现代美国这片垃圾场上只能是感情式理想的浪漫的人

43、在现代美国这片垃圾场上只能是死路一条。死路一条。5、Nick理性和聪明理性和聪明的的Gatsby他既不是汤姆所代表的他既不是汤姆所代表的荒原时代荒原时代的精神世界的的精神世界的公民,也不是盖茨比所代表的盲目崇拜黛西的脱离现实公民,也不是盖茨比所代表的盲目崇拜黛西的脱离现实的梦幻时代的同路人,他代表着美国的梦幻时代的同路人,他代表着美国传统道德规范传统道德规范。追求旧爱的手段:第一点就是他必须要追求旧爱的手段:第一点就是他必须要“显富显富”。第二点是他善于利用尼克。第二点是他善于利用尼克。人物介绍人物介绍喜欢了不起的盖茨比的理由有很多:喜欢喜欢了不起的盖茨比的理由有很多:喜欢开头那句父亲的忠告:

44、你在评论他人的时候,要记开头那句父亲的忠告:你在评论他人的时候,要记住并非所有的人都有你这样优越的条件。喜欢看着住并非所有的人都有你这样优越的条件。喜欢看着盖茨比站在海边遥望黛西家码头上的绿灯,喜欢看盖茨比站在海边遥望黛西家码头上的绿灯,喜欢看着他着他“以奇怪的方式伸出手臂以奇怪的方式伸出手臂”,喜欢那种惊奇和,喜欢那种惊奇和热切;喜欢盖茨比豪宅上彻夜不明的灯光,和从花热切;喜欢盖茨比豪宅上彻夜不明的灯光,和从花园里随风飘至的音乐和笑声,那样声色犬马,醉生园里随风飘至的音乐和笑声,那样声色犬马,醉生梦死。以及盖茨比躲在这一切繁华背后的孤独和被梦死。以及盖茨比躲在这一切繁华背后的孤独和被压抑的欲

45、望。喜欢死后的那段人情冷暖,喜欢看着压抑的欲望。喜欢死后的那段人情冷暖,喜欢看着那辆来自另一个世界尽头的汽车来到豪宅门口,却那辆来自另一个世界尽头的汽车来到豪宅门口,却没有发现美好的宴会早已散场。也喜欢书中的语言、没有发现美好的宴会早已散场。也喜欢书中的语言、隐喻、讲故事的方式,和精致却缜密的结构。隐喻、讲故事的方式,和精致却缜密的结构。分享分享感受感受这仅仅是一个梦碎的故事,所有的情节所有的人物所有这仅仅是一个梦碎的故事,所有的情节所有的人物所有的跌宕也不过是为码头尽头的那盏绿灯的熄灭铺垫的。的跌宕也不过是为码头尽头的那盏绿灯的熄灭铺垫的。这本书让我感到一种委屈。为我们自己。这本书让我感到一

46、种委屈。为我们自己。人们称我们是人们称我们是“浮躁的一代浮躁的一代”。美国人称为美国人称为“迷惘的一代迷惘的一代”。我们不是不想拥有梦想我们不是不想拥有梦想我们都曾为心中的一个梦努力过。我们都曾为心中的一个梦努力过。只是它总是那么容易就被打破。只是它总是那么容易就被打破。我们唱我们唱“想回到过去想回到过去”唱唱“追忆似水年华追忆似水年华”,仅仅是在,仅仅是在声嘶力竭的坚守曾经的梦想曾经的自己,当发现在乱七八糟声嘶力竭的坚守曾经的梦想曾经的自己,当发现在乱七八糟的世界这些坚持仅仅的垃圾的时候,我们只能选择遗忘,用的世界这些坚持仅仅的垃圾的时候,我们只能选择遗忘,用更垃圾的方式。没有人看到我们的委

47、屈,大人们只是在指责更垃圾的方式。没有人看到我们的委屈,大人们只是在指责我们胸无大志不学无术无病呻吟,却不想想我们生来就在这我们胸无大志不学无术无病呻吟,却不想想我们生来就在这样浮躁的世界。样浮躁的世界。分享分享感受感受分享分享感受感受我们不是没有责任心,我们没有逃我们还在努力,我们不是没有责任心,我们没有逃我们还在努力,盖茨比死去了,我们还在。我们有自己的个性,所以我们盖茨比死去了,我们还在。我们有自己的个性,所以我们不大喊不大喊“可怜可怜我们吧可怜可怜我们吧”,但我们一直在述说,我们仅,但我们一直在述说,我们仅仅是要一些理解一些肯定。仅是要一些理解一些肯定。所以,请不要无视,请不要鄙视。所

48、以,请不要无视,请不要鄙视。回头仔细想想,我们原来并不脆弱,我们很坚强。坚回头仔细想想,我们原来并不脆弱,我们很坚强。坚强的让人心酸,我们是在用什么坚强?为了我们爱的人吧,强的让人心酸,我们是在用什么坚强?为了我们爱的人吧,为了我们等待的什么东西吧,为了我们心底那对幸福的悄为了我们等待的什么东西吧,为了我们心底那对幸福的悄悄信念吧。悄信念吧。最后的最后,我写上盖茨比的最后的最后,我写上盖茨比的“时间表时间表”:起床起床上午上午6:00哑铃体操及爬墙哑铃体操及爬墙6:156:30学习电学等学习电学等7:158:15工作工作8:50下午下午4:30棒球及其他运动棒球及其他运动下午下午4:305:00练习演说、仪态练习演说、仪态5:006:00学习有用的新发明学习有用的新发明7:009:00记上作者菲茨杰拉德的话记上作者菲茨杰拉德的话“我们继续奋力向前,逆水行舟,被不断的向后推,我们继续奋力向前,逆水行舟,被不断的向后推,被推入过去。被推入过去。”

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