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1、 General IntroductionChapter OneContents 1 1Define international trade.2 2The reasons for international trade.3 3Differences between international trade and domestic trade.4 4Classification of international trade.5 5The main procedures of import and export business.1.1 Definition of International Tr
2、ade International Trade / World Trade / Foreign Trade / Overseas Trade It refers to the process of fair and deliberate exchange of goods or services between two or more countries, involving the use of two or more currencies. Besides, international trade concerns trade operations of both import and e
3、xport and includes the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.1. 2 Reasons for International Trade1) Resource reasonsthe uneven distribution of resources around the world2) Economic reasons the theory of Comparative Advantage(相对优势理论相对优势理论developed by David Ricardo3) Other reasonsFor m
4、eet different consumption preferencesFor political objectives4)Benefits of International TradeEconomic growthCheaper goods or serviceGreater varietyNo country has all the commodities or services that it needs, so trade means countries can provide a wider variety of products for their consumers and t
5、hus help to improve the living standard of the people.Expand the marketEconomies of scaleReduce the costGet more profitCreate jobsEconomicgrowthThe importance of foreign tradeCreate jobsImprove living standardsImprove industrial competitivenessExport sales$100 millionNew jobs12,000costrange of goods
6、Technologies/equipmentProduction efficiency1. 3 Differences between International Trade and Domestic TradeLanguage and CultureLaws, Rules & Regulation and customsForeign currencies and Exchange rateHigh risks (political risks, commercial risks, financial risks and transportation risks)Management ski
7、lls1.4 Classification of International TradeFrom the direction of cargo flowFrom the number of participants involvedExport TradeImport TradeTransit TradeDirect TradeEntrepot TradeIndirect TradeAccording to the form of the goodsAccording to the settlement instrument involvedVisible Goods TradeInvisib
8、le Goods TradeBarter TradeFree-liquidation Trade1.5 The main procedures of an export and import businessPreparations for transactionNegotiationSigning the contractPerformance of the contract Settlement of disputes(if any) Selecting the right marketFinding the potential partnerStudying creditability
9、of the partnersApplying for export or import licensePreparations for transactionNegotiation of a Sales ContractIn wordsIn wordsFace-to-face negotiationFace-to-face negotiationIn writingIn writingCorrespondence negotiationCorrespondence negotiationFour main steps1enquiry2offer3Counter-offer4acceptanc
10、ePerformance of the contractPreparing the goodsApplying for inspectionImplementing payment termsChartering a ship or booking shipping spaceTaking out insuranceMaking declaration to the CustomsSending out the shipping adviceMaking out documents for settlementExport tax repay备货备货申请检验申请检验落实支付条款落实支付条款租船
11、订舱租船订舱办理保险办理保险报关报关寄送装船通知寄送装船通知制单结汇制单结汇出口退税出口退税Export ProcedureInternational Organization in international trade WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织世界贸易组织ICC International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会国际商会MOFCOM Ministry of Commerce 商务部商务部IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织国际货币基金组织WB the World Bank G
12、roup 世界银行世界银行Learn by yourselfCISG The United Nation Convention on Contract for the International Sale of Goods 联合国国际货物销售合同公约联合国国际货物销售合同公约Incoterms 2021 International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 2021年国际年国际贸易术语解释通那么贸易术语解释通那么UCP600 The Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credi
13、ts No. 600 publication 跟单信用证统一惯例跟单信用证统一惯例Learn by yourselfLaws and Regulations Governing International TradeTo collect data on the foreign trade in China or Hebei or Baoding and make a PPT presentation.The theory of compartative advantage比较优势理比较优势理论论:Individuals or nations trade because they have superior productivity in particular industries, and that they should produce and export goods for which they possess a comparative advantage and import others which other nations possess a comparative advantage for.- David Ricardo
