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1、How to Read a PoemHuanglinfeiNothing Gold Can Stay Robert FrostBackground InformationUnderstanding ThemeLearning ImagesRhetoric DevicesTranslationRobertLeeFrost(1874-1963)LiteraryWorks&Awards4PulitzerPrizesNew Hampshire (1924)Collected Poems (1931)A Further Range(1937)A Witness Tree(1943)87He read h
2、is poetry at the inauguration of Jhon F kennedy in 19611874bornSanFranciscoCal.1885deathoffather1890firstpeomLaNocheTriste1894MyButterfly:AnElegy1895marriedElinor1900deathofmother1915farmN.H.1874bornSanFranciscoCal.1885deathoffather1890firstpeomLaNocheTriste1895marriedElinor1900deathofmother1912sail
3、edtoEngland1924publishedhisfirstbook1961TheGiftOutright.“inauguration1963dieBostonNothing Gold Can Stayfirst appeared in his 1923 volume, New Hampshire1488406a middle-aged man2+2+1both parents two of childrenhis closest friend-Edward Thomasin his first book to win a Pulitzer PrizeLines40 wordsSix ve
4、rsion of the poembackNatures first green is gold,Her hardest hue to hold.Her early leafs a flower;But only so an hour.Then leaf subsides to leaf.So Eden sank to grief,So dawn goes down to day.Nothing gold can stay.Nothing Gold can StayNatures first green is gold,Naturesfirstgreenisgold, beauty of sp
5、ring, of bloom, of life.Natures first green is gold,Her hardest hue to hold.Theflowerappearslikeasmileandopensintogreaterandgreaterbeauty,thenleavesandflowersrivalinspringandsummer.Natures first green is gold, Her hardest hue to hold. Her early leafs a flower; But only so an hour.Then leaf subsides
6、to leaf, So Eden sank to grief.So dawn goes down to day, Nothing gold can stay.seasonschangebeautymeltawayyouthtooldBut only so an hour.theearlyleafislikeaflower,itonlylastsforashorttimeThen leaf subsides to leaf.Frost describes the change in nature, fall and winter will come.So Eden sank to griefGr
7、ief indicates that the transition is in some senseunfortunate and perhaps evenpainful.So Eden sank to griefthe loss of perfection for all creationSo dawn goes down to day.Nothing gold can stay.Frostbringsthesubjectbacktothenaturalworld,butthistimehefocusonthedailycycleofdayandnight.nothingbeautiful,
8、young,orpure,caneverlast.ItwillalwaysfadeThemethedaytheyearthemythdaynightyouthmaturityoldagedeathspringsummerfallwinterdawnspringEdenGoldenAgeNaturesfirstgreenisgold,Herhardesthuetohold.Herearlyleafsaflower;Butonlysoanhour.Thenleafsubsidestoleaf.SoEdensanktogrief,Sodawngoesdowntoday.Nothinggoldcans
9、tay.Nothing Gold can StayNatures first green is gold,Her hardest hue to hold.Her early leafs a flower;But only so an hour.Then leaf subsides to leaf,So Eden sank to grief.So dawn goes down to day.Nothing gold can stay.backimagenAn image is thus any vivid or picturesque phrase that evokes a particula
10、r sensation in the readers mind. ImagenDescriptive nRed roses covered the white wall.nFigurativenMy love is a red red rose.nAn image can be a metaphor, simile or symbol.imageThefirstfourlinesDescribesgreenandgoldenblossom.After a brief hour of golden promiseThesecondhalfofthepoemRevealstheconsequenc
11、esofnaturesfallfromgold.imagenNatures first green is gold,nHer hardest hue to hold.nHer early leafs a flower;nBut only so an hour.nThen leaf subsides to leaf.nSo Eden sank to grief,nSo dawn goes down to day.nNothing gold can stay.backrhetoricdevicespersonificationmetaphorallusionalliterationNaturesf
12、irstgreenisgold,Herhardesthuetohold.Herearlyleafsaflower;Butonlysoanhour.Thenleafsubsidestoleaf.SoEdensanktogrief,Sodawngoesdowntoday.Nothinggoldcanstay.rhetoricdevicespersonificationmetaphorHerhardesthuetoholdHerearlyleafsaflowerNaturesfirstgreenisgoldallusionHerearlyleafsaflowerSoEdensanktogriefal
13、literationherhardesthuetoholddawngoesdowntodayNatures first green is gold,Her hardest hue to hold.Her early leafs a flower;But only so an hour.Then leaf subsides to leaf.So Eden sank to grief,So dawn goes down to day.Nothing gold can stay.Thesymmetricalplacementofthesetwolineshelpbindthepoemintoawho
14、leFormally:Thematically:RhetoricDevicesAlliterationbackEmphasizethemainsubjectsdayandseason.Enhancethetheme.自然的新绿是金鲜美色彩难保存初发叶芽即是花仅能持续一刹那遂而新芽长成叶伊甸顿然陷悲切曙晓瞬已大白天黄金之物不久全宋颖豪初春新绿最珍贵自然色调难保存 幼芽绽放如花蕾 美丽只在一转瞬 转眼新叶成旧叶伊甸失落空怨尤晨光短暂堪伤感但凡真金不久留 岁月流金宜人香色最难存。丝丝细叶美如葩，少倾迷失其芳华。绿叶消溶于流光，乐园沉沦多感伤。黎明没入平凡日，美景终会随风逝。自然的第一抹新绿是金色她最
15、无力保留的颜色她最初的叶是一朵花然而只绽放刹那于是叶沦落为叶乐园陷入了永夜黎明堕落成白天金色的东西都不长远大自然新绿珍贵如金大自然新绿珍贵如金, ,可金子般的色泽难以保存可金子般的色泽难以保存初绽的新芽婉若娇花初绽的新芽婉若娇花, ,但花开花谢只在那一刹那但花开花谢只在那一刹那随之嫩芽便长成绿叶随之嫩芽便长成绿叶, ,乐园也陷入悲凉凄恻乐园也陷入悲凉凄恻清晨转眼变成白昼清晨转眼变成白昼, ,金子般的光阴永不停留金子般的光阴永不停留 （曹明伦）（曹明伦） 黄金时代倍难留 大自然的新绿是黄金， 可叹难持久！ 大自然的初叶是鲜花， 可叹一时休。 终于落木萧萧下， 伊甸满园愁， 朝晖化白昼， 黄金时代
16、倍难留。黃金事物難久留黃金事物難久留 自然的初綠是為金，自然的初綠是為金， 她這種色彩最難存。她這種色彩最難存。她的新葉像朵花；她的新葉像朵花；但也只能保剎那。但也只能保剎那。之後葉復褪為葉。之後葉復褪為葉。同理依甸淪悲切，同理依甸淪悲切，同理清晨沉為晝，同理清晨沉為晝，黃金事物難久留。黃金事物難久留。 好詩大家讀好詩大家讀英美短詩五十首賞析英美短詩五十首賞析彭鏡禧、夏燕生譯著書林彭鏡禧、夏燕生譯著書林, 1994, 1994自然的新绿是金鲜美色彩难保存初发叶芽即是花仅能持续一刹那遂而新芽长成叶伊甸顿然陷悲切曙晓瞬已大白天黄金之物不久全宋颖豪初春新绿最珍贵自然色调难保存 幼芽绽放如花蕾 美丽只
17、在一转瞬 转眼新叶成旧叶伊甸失落空怨尤晨光短暂堪伤感但凡真金不久留TheRoadNotTakenTworoadsdivergedinayellowwoodAAndsorryIcouldnottravelbothBAndbeonetraveler,longIstoodAAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcouldATowhereitbentintheundergrowthBThentooktheother,asjustasfairAndhavingperhapsthebetterclaimBecauseitwasgrassyandwantedwearThoughasforthatt
18、hepassingthereHadwornthemreallyaboutthesame黄色的树林里分出两条路黄色的树林里分出两条路可惜我不能同时去涉足可惜我不能同时去涉足我在那路口久久伫立我在那路口久久伫立我向着一条路极目望去我向着一条路极目望去但我却选择了另外一条路但我却选择了另外一条路它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂显得更诱人，更美丽显得更诱人，更美丽虽然在这两条小路上虽然在这两条小路上都很少留下旅人的足迹都很少留下旅人的足迹虽然那天清晨落叶满地虽然那天清晨落叶满地AndboththatmorningequallylayInleavesnostephadtroddenblackOh
19、,IkeptthefirstforanotherdayYetknowinghowwayleadsontowayIdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback/IshallbetellingthiswithasighSomewhereagesandageshenceTworoadsdivergedinawoodandIItooktheonelesstraveledbyAndthathasmadeallthedifference两条路都未经脚印污染呵，留下一条路等改日再见但我知道路径延绵无尽头恐怕我难以再回返也许多少年后在某一个地方我将轻声叹息把往事回顾一片森林里分出两条路而我却选择了
20、人迹更少的一条从此决定了我一生的道路.FireandIceSomesaythewordwillendinfireSomesayiniceFromwhatIvetastedofdesireIholdwiththosewhofavorfireButifhadtoperishtwiceIthinkIknowenoughofhateTosaythatfordestructionIsalsogreatAndwouldsuffice有人说世界将终结于火有人说是冰从我尝过的欲望之果我赞同倾向于火之说但若它非得两度沉沦我想我对仇恨了解的也够多可以说要是去毁灭，冰也不错应该也行symbolicmeaningof
21、fireandice1,desire&hate2,emotion&reason3,passion,desire,lust&hate,destruction,indifference(1)theyareofparallelrelationship:bothirrationalextremes(2)theyareofcausalrelationship:fireice(3)theyareofcontrastrelationship：firecausesdamagemotivatedbyloveanddesirewhileicecausesdamagebylackofloveanddesire.r4
22、，Relatedtoreligion：(1)religion&science(2)thesinofmankind(3)dantesthedivineinfernoSummaryStanza 1WhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow,A Hishouseisinthevillagethough,AHewillnotseemestoppinghere,BTowatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.A The first stanza tells us that the man is stopping in front of the woods owned by
23、another person in the village-the village and the owner can both represent human society. Only the man is watching the woods being filled up with snow. The woods and snow can both hint at natural occurrences.Stanza 2Mylittlehorsemustthinkitqueer,BTostopwithoutafarmhousenear,BBetweenthewoodsandfrozen
24、lake, CThedarkesteveningoftheyear.BThis stanza says the location is far from civilization (farmhouse), light (darkest evening) and warmth (frozen lake) that even the horse would think the man is queer to stop there.Stanza 3Hegiveshisharnessbellsashake,CToaskifthereissomemistake. CTheonlyothersoundst
25、hesweep, DOfeasywindanddownyflake.CThe climax of the whole poem is when the man is woken up by his horse and steps out of fantasy but he finds himself in a contradiction between reality and fantasy. Stanza 4Thewoodsarelovely,dark,anddeep,DButIhavepromisestokeep,DAndmilestogobeforeIsleep, DAndmilesto
26、gobeforeIsleep.DThis stanza reveals the woods attractiontowards the man as it is “lovely, dark and deep”. It also shows the mans determination to break away from such aesthetic temptation because he has to take on worldly burdens and responsibilities (“promises”).Whose woods these are I think I know
27、.His house is in the village though;林主的庄宅就在邻村林主的庄宅就在邻村；想来我认识这座森林想来我认识这座森林，I think I know whose woods these areAnalysisofthePoemwoods 象征着大自然，而象征着大自然，而village 象征着人类社会象征着人类社会He will not see me stopping here,To watch his woods fill up with snow.凝视他的林子雪花纷飞凝视他的林子雪花纷飞 。他不会看到我停留于此他不会看到我停留于此 ， 这里，我们不妨把未露面的树林
28、主人及其房屋村落看作是诗人这里，我们不妨把未露面的树林主人及其房屋村落看作是诗人精心设计的一个象征，其含义是现实世界和人群。而诗歌中的旅行精心设计的一个象征，其含义是现实世界和人群。而诗歌中的旅行者显然独自一人伫立于代表大自然的树林和代表现实世界的村落之者显然独自一人伫立于代表大自然的树林和代表现实世界的村落之间，思索自己的选择和方向。间，思索自己的选择和方向。The owner of the woodsMy little horse must think it queer，To stop without a farmhouse near，Between the woods and froze
29、n lake，The darkest evening of the year.我那马儿一定以我为怪我那马儿一定以我为怪 ，在这一年中最黑之夜在这一年中最黑之夜 ，湖面冰封，近无人家，林雪覆盖，湖面冰封，近无人家，林雪覆盖，停伫在此是何原因？停伫在此是何原因？奇怪的奇怪的原因原因使读者看到使读者看到大雪纷飞的大雪纷飞的同时，更感同时，更感觉到一阵刺觉到一阵刺骨的寒冷。骨的寒冷。He gives his harness bells a shake，To ask if there is some mistake.主人你停在这里，是否有错？主人你停在这里，是否有错？马儿轻摇铃具马儿轻摇铃具 ，似乎在问
30、：，似乎在问：诗人借助马儿的铃声在这洁白寂静的世界中加入诗人借助马儿的铃声在这洁白寂静的世界中加入了声响，马儿似乎以铃声来责怪主人的奇怪选择。了声响，马儿似乎以铃声来责怪主人的奇怪选择。1）My horse2）Personification 拟人拟人The only other sounds the sweep,Of easy wind and downy flake.只有清风徐来，雪花飘落。只有清风徐来，雪花飘落。此外别无他声此外别无他声，1)Alliteration 头韵头韵2)连续的连续的s音另人似乎耳闻风吹音另人似乎耳闻风吹 树林的嗖嗖声和雪飘的簌簌声树林的嗖嗖声和雪飘的簌簌声Ligh
31、t and gentlesoft and feathery绒绒毛般的毛般的薄片薄片，这里这里指雪花指雪花The woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,不过，我有约要赴，不过，我有约要赴，树林幽深，景色迷人，树林幽深，景色迷人，诗人来自社会，尽管大自然的魅力使他流连忘返，诗人来自社会，尽管大自然的魅力使他流连忘返，但他最终决定回归社会。但他最终决定回归社会。社会职责和义务社会职责和义务1）Alliteration 头韵头韵2）强调树林的幽暗和深邃）强调树林的幽暗和深邃And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.须行完路程才能安眠。须行完路程才能安眠。须行完路程才能安眠，须行完路程才能安眠，采用重叠句采用重叠句的形式以强的形式以强调肩负责调肩负责任之重大。任之重大。诗人承担起自己所应担负的社会责任，诗人承担起自己所应担负的社会责任，寻求自己人生的真正意义。寻求自己人生的真正意义。
