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1、高考总复习一轮用书立体设计走进新课堂英英 语语必修1Unit5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero话题：1.The qualities of a great person(伟人的品质)2.The lives of some great people(一些伟人的生活)功能：1.Asking for opinions(征求意见)2.Giving opinions(发表意见)语法：The Attributive Clause()(where,when,why,prep.+which/whom)定语从句（2）（由where,when,why,prep.+which/whom引导）课
2、课程程解解读读重点单词：quality，mean,active,principle,mankind,lawyer,devote,found,fee,hopeful,willing，vote，attack，equal，escape，educate，beg，reward，sentence（vt.），opinion重点短语：lose heart，in trouble，turn to，out of work，as a matter of fact，blow up，come to power，set up，be sentenced to重点句型1.only then did we decide to a
3、nswer violence with violence.2.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.课课程程解解读读要点一：重点单词1.devote vt.（与to连用）献身；专心于归纳拓展（1）devote oneself todevote.to.be devoted to献身于；致力于；把专用于，完全用于其中to是介词，后接名词或动名词（2）devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的devotion n.关爱，关照；奉献知知 识识 与与 要要 点点She devoted herself to her work.她致力于她的工作。Mr.Zha
4、ng devoted his life to helping the blind.张先生一生都致力于帮助盲人。They are devoted to their children.他们深爱着自己的孩子。知知 识识 与与 要要 点点【链接训练】Nowadays many school children_too much time_playing computer games.A.spend；onB.devote；toC.take；toD.cost；in【解析】考查动词用法。表示“花费”时，take和cost不能用sb.作主语，排除C、D两项；spend的用法是sb. spend time in
5、doing sth.或sb. spend time on sth.，所以A项中on应改为in；devote.to+n./doing意为“把用于”，符合题意，故B项正确。【答案】B知知 识识 与与 要要 点点2.vote vt.& vi. 投票；选举;n. 投票；选票；表决 归纳拓展vote for 赞成；投某人的票vote against 投票反对vote to do sth.投票表决做某事vote on/upon.对投票表决vote sth.through 表决通过（提案等）知知 识识 与与 要要 点点80% of students vote for/against Jim.80%的学生都投
6、了吉姆的赞成票/反对票。Well have to vote on the problem.我们得对这一问题投票表决。There were 400 votes for Mr.Black,and 350 against.400票支持布莱克先生，350票反对。知知 识识 与与 要要 点点【链接训练】They should have the right_ .A.voteB.vote forC.vote outD.to vote【解析】have the right to do sth.“有权利做某事”。vote for “赞成”，后应跟宾语；vote out “罢免”，也不能单独使用。【答案】D知知 识
7、识 与与 要要 点点People in the city_the lawyer to be the leader of the committee,for they thought he could give a correct order of the city.A.voted againstB.voted onC.voted forD.voted with【解析】考查vote的用法。vote for“投票赞成”；vote against“投票反对”；vote on sth.“投票表决”；没有vote with这一结构。结合句意，只有C项合适。【答案】C知知 识识 与与 要要 点点3.att
8、ack v.进攻,攻击；开始,着手；（疾病）侵袭,侵害n.攻击；进攻；病情发作（可数名词）归纳拓展（1）launch/make an attack on/against.=attack.对发动进攻；袭击，抨击under attack遭到袭击/抨击air attack空袭a surprise attack突然袭击a heart attack心脏病突发（2）attack sb.with sth.用攻击某人attack sb.for sth.抨击某人某事（3）attacker n.攻击者知知 识识 与与 要要 点点At dawn the army attacked（made an attack on
9、） the town.军队在黎明时向这座城镇发动攻击。The doctor predicted that the disease that often attacks children would be prevented.医生预言将能预防这种经常侵袭儿童的疾病。The old man suffered a heart attack yesterday.这位老人昨天心脏病发作了。知知 识识 与与 要要 点点【链接训练】After he became conscious,he remembered_and_on the head with a rod.A.to attack;hitB.to be
10、 attacked;to be hitC.attacking;be hitD.having been attacked;hit【解析】句意为：恢复意识后，他记得被袭击了并且头上被挨了一棍。remember to do sth.“记住要做某事”；remember doing sth.“记着做了某事”。因为he与attack和hit之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故D项正确。【答案】D知知 识识 与与 要要 点点4.equal v. 等于；抵得上adj. 相等的；平等的；胜任的；n.同等的人；相等物归纳拓展（1）A equals B.A is equal to B.A等于B。A equals B i
11、n.A在方面比得上Bbe equal to + n./doing sth.胜任某事/做某事be without equal/have no equal无与伦比；无敌（2）equally adv.同等程度地；均等equality n.平等知知 识识 与与 要要 点点Three plus two equals five.=Three plus two is equal to five.3加2等于5。I am not equal to the job.我不能胜任这份工作。He equals me in strength but not in intelligence.他和我力气相当，但智力不同。Me
12、n are born equal and you shouldnt look down upon others.人人生而平等，你不能轻视别人。He is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。知知 识识 与与 要要 点点【链接训练】Mr.Smith doubted whether his daughter would be_to the job at first，and she proved to be the right person.A.equalB.similarC.familiarD.content【解析】be equal to sth.“胜任某事”，符
13、合题意。be similar to “与相似”，be familiar to sb.“为某人所熟知”。【答案】A知知 识识 与与 要要 点点Everybody has a（n）_chance.Now，lets see who can do it best.A.sameB.equalC.wellD.alike【解析】句意为“每个人都有平等的机会”，而非“同一个”，故不用A。C项多指身体，不作定语，多作表语；D项作表语。【答案】B知知 识识 与与 要要 点点5.escape vt.逃避，逃脱，避免vi.逃脱，逃跑n.逃脱；出口归纳拓展（1）escape sth./doing sth.逃避某事/做某
14、事escape from sb./sth.逃脱，逃走；从中逃出来escape ones notice没注意（2）make ones escape逃走a narrow escape九死一生知知 识识 与与 要要 点点You are lucky to escape punishment/being punished.你真走运，逃过了惩罚。The driver managed to escape from the burning car.这位司机终于从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。The thief made his escape by jumping a car.小偷跳上一辆汽车逃跑了。知知 识识 与与
15、要要 点点【链接训练】He was a lucky dog，for he narrowly escaped_by a car yesterday.A.killed B.killingC.being killedD.from killing【解析】escape用作“逃跑，逃脱”之意时后接动名词或名词作宾语，根据语境可知此处应用被动语态。【答案】C知知 识识 与与 要要 点点6.reward n.奖赏，报酬，酬劳vt.酬劳，奖赏，报答归纳拓展（1）as a reward for sth.作为对某事的报酬in reward作为回报（2）reward sb.with sth.for sth.给某人的酬
16、劳来感谢其做了reward sb.for （doing） sth.因为（做）某事奖赏某人知知 识识 与与 要要 点点He received a title as a reward for his great contribution to the nation.他因对国家的巨大贡献获得了一个头衔。He got nothing in reward for his kindness.他并没有因为善意而得到报酬。He gave the boy a reward of 1 for bringing back the lost dog.=He rewarded the boy with 1 for br
17、inging back the lost dog.他给小男孩一英镑的赏金作为他带回走失的狗的酬劳。知知 识识 与与 要要 点点【链接训练】He helped her and she_him with a smile.A.gaveB.BroughtC.rewardedD.said【解析】句意为：他帮助了她，她回报给他一个微笑。考查动词用法。give sb. sth.，bring sb. sth.，say to sb.，排除A、B、D三项；只有reward sb. with sth.结构正确，故选C项。【答案】C知知 识识 与与 要要 点点要点二：重点短语与句型1.out of work失业=be
18、 out of a job（表示状态）归纳拓展（1）be out of workbe in work（反义词，表示状态）lose ones jobfind a job（反义词，表示动作）（2）out of order混乱，无秩序；有毛病out of date过时out of danger脱离危险out of patience没有耐心out of ones reach够不着out of control 失去控制out of temper发脾气out of breath气喘吁吁out of mind心不在焉知知 识识 与与 要要 点点Work hard,or you will be out of
19、work.好好干，不然你会失业的。He lost his job last week and his wife has been out of work for two months.上周他失业了，他的妻子也已经失业两个月了。Out of sight, out of mind.谚眼不见，心不念。知知 识识 与与 要要 点点【链接训练】Another new factory has been set up where 2,000 workers, who were_ for a year, have been employed again.A.at workB.out of workC.on b
20、usinessD.in power【解析】句意为：另一个新建的工厂安排了2 000名失业一年的工人就业。out of work“失业”，符合题意。at work“在工作”；on business“出差”；in power“执政”。【答案】B知知 识识 与与 要要 点点Youll have to use the stairs.Im afraid the lift is out of _ .A.orderB.WorkC.actionD.touch【解析】out of order “出问题，有故障”，符合题意。out of work “失业”。【答案】A知知 识识 与与 要要 点点2.turn to
21、求助于，致力于；翻到归纳拓展turn to sb. for help求助某人turn against背叛turn around转过身，转过来turn in上交turn on打开turn off关掉turn up（把音量）开大；出现turn down开小；拒绝turn over翻转；翻身turn out（to be)结果是；原来是；证明是知知 识识 与与 要要 点点Nobody seems to understand.I dont know who to turn to.似乎没有人懂这个。我不知道该向谁求助.Turn to page 10,please.请翻到第10页。The job turne
22、d out (to be) harder than we thought.这份工作结果比我们想象得要难。知知 识识 与与 要要 点点【链接训练】The French pianist who had been praised very highly _ to be a great disappointment.A.turned upB.turned inC.turned outD.turned down【解析】考查动词短语辨析。turn up“露面；调大声音”；turn in“上交”；turn out“原来是，结果”；turn down“调小音量等，拒绝”。句意为：被高度赞扬的法国钢琴家结果是大
23、失所望。【答案】C知知 识识 与与 要要 点点e to power上台，执政；当权归纳拓展（1）come to power=come into power当权；上台（2）come to power不可与时间段状语连用，如果与时间段连用应改为be in power。（3）be in power握有政权；当权beyond/out of ones power（某人）力所不及的within ones power（某人）力所能及的do everything in ones power to do sth.尽全力做某事知知 识识 与与 要要 点点The party came to/into power 4
24、 years ago.=The party has been in power for 4 years.这个政党执政有4年了。Its beyond /out of my power to help you.我没有能力帮助你。I did everything in my power to help the homeless villagers.我尽力帮助那些无家可归的村民们。知知 识识 与与 要要 点点【链接训练】He_for ten years but still doesnt want to leave office.A.has been in powerB.has come to powe
25、rC.has taken officeD.came into power【解析】come to/into power和take office均为短暂性动词短语，不能和一段时间连用，而be in power表状态，能和一段时间连用，故选A。【答案】A知知 识识 与与 要要 点点4.be sentenced to被判处（徒刑）归纳拓展（1）sentence vt.判决；宣判n.判决；句子（2）sentence sb.to death/life imprisonment/some time in prison判处某人死刑/终身监禁/刑期（3）a prison sentence判处监禁a light/
26、heavy sentence轻判/重判be under sentence of death被判处死刑知知 识识 与与 要要 点点He was sentenced to three years in prison.他被判处3年徒刑。The judge sentenced the prisoner to death.法官判决这名犯人死刑。The judge passed sentence.法官宣布了判决。知知 识识 与与 要要 点点【链接训练】_ ,and Charles felt hopeless.A.Because he was sentenced to deathB.As he was se
27、ntenced to deathC.Sentenced to deathD.He was sentenced to death【解析】由and可知这是并列句，而A、B两项是原因状语从句，故被排除；C项是过去分词短语作状语，不与and连用；只有D项是简单句，全句是并列句。【答案】D知知 识识 与与 要要 点点5.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次我向（参观）小组谈论（罗本岛监狱的情况）时，心里觉得很不好受。the first/second/last time 是名词短语，但有时可用作连词，引导一个时间状语从句，意为“第一次/第二次/
28、最后一次时”。上面句子中的 the first time I talked to a group 可换成When I talked to a group for the first time。知知 识识 与与 要要 点点归纳拓展类似的用法还有：（1）the momentthe minutethe instant=as soon as一就every time 每次/回就each time 每当时next time 下次时any time （在）任何时间（2）有时副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，它们是：instantly，immediately，directly 等，都相当于 as soon
29、as。知知 识识 与与 要要 点点Every/Each time I was in trouble，he would come to help me out.每一次我遇到麻烦，他都会来帮我。The moment I heard the voice，I knew Father was coming.听到声音的那一刻，我知道父亲来了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.男孩一看到妈妈，立刻大哭起来。知知 识识 与与 要要 点点【链接训练】_ they visited the Science Museum,they showe
30、d great interest in everything they saw.A.The first timeB.For the first timeC.At firstD.At the first time【解析】两个句子间缺少连词，而在四个选项中，只有the first time可用作连词，意为“当第一次”。【答案】AEric rushed home_ 知知 识识 与与 要要 点点_he heard the news，only_that his wife was gone.A.as soon as；findingB.immediately；to findC.the moment；find
31、D.when；found【解析】表示“一就”可以用as soon as，immediately，the moment；第二个空only后用不定式作结果状语表示意想不到的结果。【答案】B知知 识识 与与 要要 点点要点三：语法：关系副词以及由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.了解关系副词when，where和why引导的定语从句的基本用法。（1）Mr.Black would never forget the day.On the day he joined the army.以上为两个简单句，第二个分句中的on the day指第一个分句中的the day，在分句中作时间状语。知知 识识 与与
32、 要要 点点以上两个简单句可改为一个复合句，即定语从句，其连接词用关系副词when（表示时间），其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如time，day，hour，year等）。This was a time when there were still slaves in the USA.这是一个美国还有奴隶的时期。(2)在英语中，引导定语从句的关系副词还有where（表地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place，room，house，street，area等），why（表示原因，常放在先行词reason后面）。Shanghai is the place where she was born.上
33、海是她的出生地。Is this the reason why he came late?这就是他来晚的原因吗？知知 识识 与与 要要 点点注意：先行词当表示时间、地点等且在定语从句中不充当状语而作主语或宾语时，不用when，where来引导定语从句，要用which或that来引导。2.正确选择关系代词与关系副词在定语从句中，关系词的选择主要受先行词以及关系词本身在从句中所充当的句子成分的制约。如果定语从句中的谓语动词是及物动词，而其后又没有宾语，或者从句中缺少主语、定语或表语，这时就要用关系代词引导定语从句。如果定语从句中的谓语是不及物动词，或已有了宾语、定语、主语和表语等成分，就要用关系副词
34、引导这个定语从句。 知知 识识 与与 要要 点点I know a place where we can skate.我知道一个我们可以滑冰的地方。（作状语）I know a place which/that is not far from here.我知道一个离这儿不远的地方。（作主语）知知 识识 与与 要要 点点3.了解“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句学习这种带介词的定语从句，要特别注意，介词后要接关系代词而不接关系副词（因副词常作状语，不作宾语）。还要注意介词之后的关系代词只有两个：which和whom，先行词指物用“介词+which”；指人用“介词+whom”，且两个
35、关系代词均不可省略。介词的选用必须遵循两个原则：定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配；根据先行词的特殊用法。知知 识识 与与 要要 点点In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街上，她找不到一个可以求助的人。该句介词的选用遵循第个原则：定语从句中turn与先行词person搭配形成turn to sb.（for help）“向某人求助”这个固定短语。The gardener was asked to tell the way in which the poor dog ha
36、d died.有人要求园丁说明狗是怎么死的。该句介词的选用遵循第个原则：以特殊的先行词引导定语从句，且从句缺状语，“以的方式”用in（this，the） way，故用in which。知知 识识 与与 要要 点点注意：另外，介词的选用还要根据从句与主句的意思搭配。My sister graduated from Zhejiang University,after which she went to Britain for further education.我姐姐毕业浙江大学，之后去英国深造。知知 识识 与与 要要 点点【链接训练】Professor Wooden makes roughly
37、$1，000 every week，and 60 percent of_is spent on books.A.whichB.ThemC.itD.what【解析】如果没有and，则可以用which引导非限制性定语从句，但and起到连接作用，故用代词it。【答案】C知知 识识 与与 要要 点点I shall never forget the years_I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has great effect on my life.A.that;whichB.when；whichC.which；thatD.when；who【解析】考查
38、定语从句的引导词。空一when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the years,且在从句中作时间状语；空二which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事。句意为：我不会忘记在乡村和农民住在一起的那几年，这对我的人生影响很大。【答案】B知知 识识 与与 要要 点点We are trying to reach a point_both sides will sit down together and talk.A.whereB.ThatC.whenD.which【解析】先行词a point在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。【答案】A知知 识识 与与 要要 点点Its the same in
39、 Chinamany people, _ some are not overweight at all,are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, are often dangerous.A.whose；whichB.of which；whoC.of whom；whichD.who；that【解析】空一考查“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。先行词为many people,代入定语从句后为：some of people are not.,由此可知先行词作宾语且指人，故用whom引导，可排除A、B、D项。空二是which引导的非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，故正确答案为C项。【答案】C知知 识识 与与 要要 点点Do you know the reason_he didnt turn up？A.thatB.WhichC.forD.why【解析】先行词the reason在定语从句中作原因状语，故D项正确。A、B在从句中作主语或宾语，C项不引导定语从句，故排除A、B、C三项。【答案】D知知 识识 与与 要要 点点
