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1、选修8Module 4 Which English？课程解读课程解读话题Which English?(英语种种）语法Review of adverbials & adverbial clauses（复习状语和状语从句）课程解读课程解读重点词汇及拓展1.instantly adv.立即，马上2.matter v.重要，要紧；有关系3.count v.很重要；很有价值4.unique adj.独一无二的；独特的5.splendid adj.极好的；优秀的6.relevant adj.有关的；切题的7.convey v.传达，传递8.clarify v.弄明白；澄清9.vague adj.不明确的；
2、含糊的10.select v.挑选，选择11.withdraw v.收回；撤销（说过的话）12.potential adj.潜在的；可能的13.overcome v.征服；战胜14.oppose v.反对15.superior adj.更好的；更强的16.classify v.将分类plain v.抱怨complaint n.埋怨；抱怨18. significance n.意义；含义sig nificant adj.有重大意义的19.approval n.赞许；赞成approvev.赞成，同意20.reject v.拒绝接受rejection n.拒绝refuse/decline（同义词）n.
3、拒绝，婉拒21.convinced adj.确信的，信服的convince v.信服，确信22.tendency n.趋向，倾向tend v.趋向课程解读课程解读重点短语1.tell.apart区分开2.as long as只要3.lie in在于4.in conclusion总之5.get down to sth.开始做某事6.let sb.down让某人失望7.in particular特别，尤其8.trade with与做生意9.regard as看作，认为10.or rather更精确地说11.in case以防万一12.be relevant to与相关13.date from回溯到
4、14.agree on对达成共识重点句型1.Not all idioms have been common for many years.并不是所有的习语多年都常见。2.English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be difficult to understand.英语中有大量丰富的、极好的、也可能很难懂的短语。知识要点知识要点要点一要点一 单词单词1.debate n.讨论，争论，辩论讨论，争论，辩论 vi.&vt.辩论，讨论，争论辩论，讨论，争论归纳拓展（1）debate about/
5、on/over sth.with sb.与某人争论debate sth. with sb.与某人讨论某事debate whether/what/how etc. to do sth.讨论（2）hold a debate举行辩论会beyond debate无可争辩under debate在辩论中a heated/fierce/intense debate热烈的/激烈的争论知识要点知识要点例句：We must debate the question with the rest of the members.我们必须和其他委员讨论这个问题。The two sides debated fiercely
6、 whether to raise the price of school meals.双方就是否提高学校用餐价格进行了激烈的辩论。The proposal is under debate.那个提议还在讨论当中。知识要点知识要点同类辨析debate，argue与discuss（1）debate辩论的目的在于说服对方。（2）argue指条理清晰地陈述赞成或反对的理由。（3）discuss从不同的观点出发与某人讨论某事。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】这是关于如何惩治罪犯的争论。（翻译句子）This is a debate about the punishment for criminals.
7、知识要点知识要点2.clarify vt.澄清，讲清楚，阐明；（加热）净化澄清，讲清楚，阐明；（加热）净化归纳拓展（1）clarify matters澄清真相clarify ones remarks把话说清楚clarify ones stand/position阐明某人的立场（2）clarification n.澄清clarity n.清澈，透明例句：He clarified his stand on the issue.他澄清了他在该问题上的立场。My mind was clarified on this issue.对这个问题我的头脑变得清楚了。She asked him to clari
8、fy what he meant.她要他说清楚他是什么意思。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Chinese government _ on the matters to Taiwan.A.clarify it standB.clarifies its standC.clarify its standD.clarifies it stand【解析解析】句意为：中国政府针对台湾问题阐明了自己的立场。故应用短语clarify ones stand“阐明某人的立场”，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点plain vi.抱怨；不满；发牢骚抱怨；不满；发牢骚归纳拓展（1）com
9、plain (to sb.)about/of.（向某人）抱怨complain (to sb.)that-clause（向某人）抱怨complain to sb.向某人申诉；诉说病痛（2）complaint n.抱怨；申诉；投诉make a complaint about/of/against抱怨；投诉a letter of complaint一封投诉信（3）cant complain口还算好（总体上还是满意的，虽然有些不如意）知识要点知识要点例句：She often complains to her boss about/of her low pay.=She often complains
10、to her boss that she gets paid too little.=She often complains to to her boss about/of getting paid too little.她经常向她老板抱怨说她的报酬太低。Why dont you make a complaint against your noisy neighbour?你为什么不投诉那位喧闹的邻居呢？知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】句型转换Some Iraqi common people complained of being robbed and beaten often by Ame
11、rican soldiers in Iraq.=Some Iraqi common people complained that they were robbed beaten often by American soldiers in Iraq.句意为：一些伊拉克平民控诉说他们经常遭到驻伊美军的抢劫和殴打。知识要点知识要点4.approval n.批准；认可；赞成；同意批准；认可；赞成；同意归纳拓展（1）general approval一致同意with approval of经的批准in approval同意地，支持地give (ones) approval给予批准meet with one
12、s approval得到某人的赞许,得到某人的认可（2）approve v.批准，赞成approve of sb./sth.赞成某人/事知识要点知识要点例句：She desperately wanted to win her fathers approval.她急不可待地想赢得她父亲的赞同。I cant agree to anything without my partners approval.没有合伙人的认可我什么也不能答应。He doesnt approve of me leaving school this year.他不同意我今年离校。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】The ma
13、yor has _ the new building plan and the construction of the new Broadcasting Center will begin in a few days.A.appreciatedB.approachedC.appointedD.approved【解析解析】句意为：市长批准了新的建造计划，建造新的广播中心的工程几天之内就开工。approve“批准，赞成”，符合题意。appreciate“感激”；approach“接近”；appoint“任命；委派；指定”。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点5.convinced adj.确信的，深信的
14、确信的，深信的归纳拓展be convinced of ./that-clause相信convince vt. 使确信，使信服convince sb.of sth.sb.that-clause 使某人相信convince sb.to do sth.说服某人干某事例句：I am convinced of his innocence.=I am convinced that he was innocent.我相信他是无辜的。What she said convinced me that I was mistaken.她的一番话使我认识到我错了。What convinced you to vote f
15、or them?究竟是什么使得你愿意投他们的票呢？知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】The couple tried every effort to _ the judges,who tried the case of their innocence,resulting in the contrary.A.proveB.chargeC.convinceD.confirm【解析解析】句意为：那对夫妇尽力使审讯那宗案件的法官相信他们是清白的，但结果正相反。prove“证明”；charge sb. with.“指控某人”；convince sb. of sth.“使某人相信”；confirm st
16、h.“证实”。由句意及convince sb. of sth.的搭配可知正确答案为C。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点_ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.A.ConvincingB.ConvincedC.To convinceD.Having convinced【解析解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句子的逻辑主语是people与convince之间是主动关系，故用v.-ing形式，排除B项；C项动词不
17、定式置于句首，一般作目的状语，与题意不符，故排除；convince这一动作与主句谓语动作同时发生，故排除D项完成时。选A。句意为：人们确信政府能带领他们走出经济危机，他们对国家的未来很乐观。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点6.oppose vt.反抗，反对反抗，反对归纳拓展（1）oppose (doing) sth.反对干某事be opposed to (doing) sth.反对干某事（2）opposition n.反对，对立meet with opposition遭到反对in opposition to sb. on sth.在某事上与某人意见相反知识要点知识要点注意：be opposed
18、to中的to是介词，不是不定式符号，后加名词/代词或v.-ing形式，不加to do，其同义词组是be against和object to。例句：Most people are opposed to war and for peace.大多数人反对战争，支持和平。The President opposes giving military aid to this country.总统反对向该国提供军事援助。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】翻译句子我们强烈反对种族歧视。We are bitterly opposed to the racial discrimination.知识要点知识要点要点
19、二要点二 短语短语1.tell.apart把把区分开区分开归纳拓展（1）tell A and B apart=tell A from B=tell the difference(s) between A and B把A与B区分开tell+that./wh-辨别，识别（2）tell sb. about/of sth.告诉某人有关某事tell a lie/lies撒谎to tell the truth说实话知识要点知识要点例句：It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apart.要将英国英语和美国英语分辨开来也很容易。I
20、 cant tell whether it is him or not.我认不清是不是他。It is very important for us to tell true friends from false ones in society.在社会上辨别出真假朋友对我们来说是非常重要的。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】The twins are so much alike that their own mother can hardly _ .A.tell them apartB.tell apart themC.say them apartD.say apart them【解析解析】te
21、ll apart是动词短语（v.+adv.），代词常常放在tell和apart之间，故选A。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点2.let sb./sth.down使某人失望，辜负；（使）略逊一筹，使某人失望，辜负；（使）略逊一筹，美中不足美中不足归纳拓展let alone更不必说let off宽恕；开（枪），放（炮、烟火等）；让下车let out放走，释放；泄露，放出；放宽，放大（衣服）let go放开，松手let sb./sth. in/into让进来，放进来注意：let.alone=let.be/leave.alone不干涉；对置之不理；而let alone是“更不必说”，需作插入语。知识要点
22、知识要点例句：This machine wont let you down.你尽管放心，这台机器不会出毛病。She speaks French very fluently,but her pronunciation lets her down.她法语讲得很流利，但美中不足的是发音不太好。There isnt enough room for us,let alone any guests.连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人了。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】If you dont bring a present to Lucy,you may _.Thank you for remindi
23、ng me. Surely Ill buy her one this evening.A.leave her alongB.let her downC.hold her backD.cheer her up【解析解析】句意为：如果你不给露西带生日礼物，你可能会使她失望的。谢谢你提醒我。我今晚肯定就去给她买一件生日礼物。leave sb.alone“不理会某人”；let sb.down“使某人失望”；hold sb.back“阻止某人”；cheer sb.up“使某人振作起来”。由句意可知答案为B项。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点3.be relevant to.与与有关有关归纳拓展(1)hav
24、e relevance to.be related to.be connected with.have something to do with.have connection withbe associated with 和有关系(2)relevance n. 关联relevantly adv.相关联地知识要点知识要点例句：Do you have any relevant experience in advertising?你有广告行业的相关经验吗？What they are discussing is not relevant to the present question.他们所讨论的事
25、情与目前的问题无关。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】完成句子The judge ruled that the evidence wasnt relevant to/had no relevance to/wasnt related to/wasnt connected with/had nothing to do with (与无关)the case.知识要点知识要点要点三要点三 句型句型Not all idioms have been common for many years.并非所有的习语很多年都常见。并非所有的习语很多年都常见。not all.意为意为“并非所有的并非所有的都都”，
26、是部分否定。，是部分否定。not的位置比较灵活，可置于句首，也可放在句中。的位置比较灵活，可置于句首，也可放在句中。例句：Not all the people present agreed with you.=All the people present didnt agree with you.不是所有在场的人都赞成你（的看法）。知识要点知识要点归纳拓展（1）与not连用构成部分否定的词有：all，everyone，everywhere，both，everybody，always，every，everything，altogether(全体)，entirely(全部地)，wholly(全部地
27、)（2）表示全部否定的词有：none,nobody,no one,neither,never,nothing,nowhere等。例句：None of the people present agreed with you.所有在场的人都不赞成你。Both of Tom and Jack are not fond of pop music.=Not both of Tom and Jack are fond of pop music.汤姆和杰克二人不全喜欢流行音乐。Tom and Jack are not fond of pop music.汤姆和杰克都不喜欢流行音乐。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链
28、接训练】I havent read _ of his books，but judging from others comments，I think hes a very promising writer.A.anyB.noneC.bothD.either【解析解析】any与not连用表全部否定；not与none of连用，双重否定表肯定；not与both和either连用表部分否定，根据题意，选A。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点The boys and girls had walked for hours.They _ got very tired，but _ of them would st
29、op to take a rest.A.all；neitherB.both；noneC.all；noneD.both；everyone【解析解析】both只能用于两者之间，此题中是说the boys and the girls,故用all,作they的同位语；空二考查全部否定，故用none。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点要点四要点四 语法语法复习状语和状语从句复习状语和状语从句1.状语状语定义：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。位置：修饰形容词或副词的状语一般放在被修饰词的前面；修饰动词的状语一般放在被修饰词的后面。特殊情况除外。（1）状语的表现形式副词及副词短语
30、例句：Light travels fast.光传播得很快。介词短语例句：We have lived in this city for 10 years.我们在这座城市已生活了十年。知识要点知识要点分词短语-ing及-ed形式例句：Encouraged by the teacher，I decided to learn English well.在老师的鼓励下，我决心把英语学好。动词不定式例句：He worked hard to pass the exam.他努力学习，想通过考试。从句例句：So long as you can promise to return it on time，I wil
31、l lend you my bike.只要你能保证准时归还，我可以把自行车借给你。独立主格形式：例句：The teacher entered the classroom，ruler in hand.老师手里拿着一把尺子进了教室。知识要点知识要点（2）状语的种类时间状语原因状语条件状语地点状语方式状语伴随状语目的状语（常位于句末，强调时可位于句首）让步状语程度状语（单个副词时，常前置）比较状语（通常有固定形式，不可随意改变）例句：When it rains,I usually go to pick up my daughter in my car.下雨时，我通常开车去接我的女儿。I didnt
32、go to the party because of the heavy snow.因为下大雪我没有去参加聚会。As long as you work hard,you can make great progress.只要你努力，就能取得很大的进步。He was sent where he was most needed.他被派往最需要他的地方去了。知识要点知识要点2.状语从句状语从句通常来说明主句中某一动词、形容词、副词的起状语作用的从句，叫做状语从句。状语从句位置较灵活，可以放在主句之前、之后或中间。状语从句包括时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步状语从句。各个类型的状语从
33、句在前面单元的语法中已经一一讲到过，这里我们只将其引导词进行归纳总结。知识要点知识要点种类常用引导词时间when，as，while，after，before，since，as soon as，ever since，till，until，once，whenever，no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when，the moment，every time，each time，next time，instantly，immediately，by the time，once地点where，wherever原因because，as，since(既然)，for，now （tha
34、t）条件if，unless，so/as long as，suppose/supposing(that)，in case （万一，如果），as far as，on condition (that)，provided/providing (that)，if only 目的so that，in order that，for fear （that），in case （以免，以防），lest等。从句中的谓语动词may(might),can(could),should等情态动词。结果so.that.，such.that.，so that，such that，in such a way that,with
35、the result that方式as，as if （though）比较as.as.，not as/so.as.，than，the more.the more.让步as(尽管)，though，although，no matter+疑问词，even if （though），however，whatever;whenever,wherever.知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】After a long walk，she was _ tired that she had to go upstairs and rest.A.muchB.enoughC.tooD.that【解析解析】句中that可作为
36、副词，相当于so，与后面的that构成结果状语从句，其余选项均无这种用法。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点_ online shopping attracts a certain group of the people，there will always be some who enjoy shopping for their own groceries.A.WhenB.AsC.IfD.While【解析解析】句意为：虽然网上购物吸引了一定群体的人，但总有一些人喜欢上街购买自己的杂货。此处while表示“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点We have decided
37、to go for a picnic tomorrow，Dick.Are you going with us?Well, _ you are going，so will I.A.whenB.sinceC.ifD.while【解析解析】句意为：我们已决定明天出去野炊，迪克，你和我们一起去吗？哦，既然你们去，那我也要去。此题极易误选C。if “假如你们去，那我也去。”显然不符合前文逻辑。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点Jenny was reading a piece of science fiction,completely _ to the outside world.A.having lost
38、B.being lostC.losingD.lost【解析解析】lost是形容词，be lost to the world（全神贯注于某事而不注意周围的事情）。形容词短语表示状态，作状语。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点_ , the people in Sichuan Province are recovering from the effects of the terrible earthquake on May 12th,2008.A.Strongly and unitedlyB.Strong and unitedC.Be strong and uniteD.Being strongly and united【解析解析】strong and united“坚强并团结”，为形容词短语作状语。【答案答案】BThank you !
