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1、化学生态学研究进展一什么是化学生态学二1 定义：化学生态学属于生态学的分支学科，是化学和生态学的交叉学科，是研究生物间化学关系的机制及其应用的。三2 生活中的化学生态现象四动物：人，狗，熊，狼，虎，昆虫五植物： 丁香与铃兰，夹竹桃花，胡桃树，蒜，菖蒲，松林3信号化合物的种类 4信号化合物Semiochemical 5信息素 Pheromone ，他感化学物质/次生物质allelochemical 、metabolite 或secondary substance ，益已素 Allomone ，利它素 Kairomone ，互利素Synomone ，同抗素Antimone 二化学生态的发展历史 三
2、早期：20世纪五十年代前。蒙笼的认识。四诞生：五十年代到七十年代五发展：七十年代后六社会背景：人类行为与生态环境保持间的矛盾七技术背景：超微量分析技术，电生理技术，分子生物学技术三 化学生态研究进展 感受机制 研究设备 定向研究Olfactory nerve cells气味分子的转导途径水生物嗅觉行为生测装置FastPrepThe FastPrep instrument (reciprocal shaking with beads) is used for sample extraction of large sets of experiments with large sample size
3、s, using aqueous solvents. Single sample amount is limited to 500 mg or a total volume up to 1.5 mL. Plant sample, grinding beads and extraction solvent are placed together in an extraction tube and shaken for 45 seconds, which is sufficient for complete sample homogenization. 12 samples can simulta
4、neously be operated. Subsequently samples are centrifuged and supernatants are further analyzed SoxwaveThe Soxwave (microwave assisted Soxhlet extraction) is a very powerful tool for extraction of biological samples with organic solvents. Microwaves excite water in plant cells, which get ruptured by
5、 the locally overheated water. The water is removed from the sample with the boiling aceotropic mixture and collected in a water separator after condensation. There after the sample is dried for better wetting and extraction by the organic solvent. In contrast to conventional Soxhlet extraction, Sox
6、wave extraction is very fast (15 min) and does not require previous sample dryingUltrafiltration apparatus Small molecules (cutoff of 1kD) can be separated from macromolecular matrices by means of an Ultrafiltration apparatus with a cross flow design, which prevents clogging of membranes like in con
7、ventional filtrationzNose (portable Micro-GC) For screening of plant volatile emission kinetics, can measure samples every 2 minutes Rotary Evaporator(A continuously pressure adjustable Rotary Evaporator allows sample concentration of larger solvent volumes) SPMEsolid phase micro extractionLC-MS（Quattro II ）GC-MS（MasSpec）主要用于分析分子量小于1kDa的化合物，如信息素、植物气味等MS（TofSpec 2E）用于分析蛋白等大分子质谱图Pheromone精子化趋性移动轨迹海葵毒素palytoxin腰鞭毛虫毒素brevetoxin印楝neemtreeneemseedguttreegutFlowersneem
