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1、高考专题复习高考专题复习概念：概念：在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。分为：分为：主语从句主语从句 表语从句表语从句 宾语宾语从句从句 同位语同位语从句从句 从属连词从属连词 that , if , whether，as if ，as though （不充当成分）（不充当成分） 连接代词连接代词 who, what, which, whose, whom, whichever, whatever, whoever, whomever, how many/much (主语、宾语、表语、定语）主语、宾语、表语、定语） 连接副词连接副词 when,
2、where, how, why, how soon/often/long （状（状 语）语）在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。如：Theproblemiswhat he has done to the little boy.问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。 主主 语语 从从 句句 在句中作主语，一般可置于谓语之前，但多数情况，在句中作主语，一般可置于谓语之前，但多数情况， 由由it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于主句之后作形式主语，而把主语从句置于主句之后 (if不能放不能放 句首，句首，that不可省不可省) What you need is more practice
3、.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.That she was chosen made us very happy.When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.Whether or not he will go is up to him to decide. It is not known whether / if he will come.常用常用常用常用it it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构1.It is 名词名词 ( a pity/sh
4、ame, a fact, an honor, a pleasure ) 从句从句Itsashamethatshedidntcomewithus.Itssuchapleasurethatyouarehere.2.It is 形容词形容词 (clear, obvious, possible, important, necessary, true, strange) 从句从句Itisstrangethatheshouldnotattendthemeeting.ItisimportantthathecanspeakEnglisheveryday.3. It is 过去分词过去分词 从句从句 Itiss
5、aidthatsheisthebeststudentinourclass.ItiswellknownthatTaiwanbelongstochina.4. It doesnt matter + wh-从句从句Itdoesntmatterwheretheyhavegone.Itdoesntmatterwhatpeoplethinkofme单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。Where and when he was bornhasnotbeenfound.When the person was murderedandwhyhew
6、asmurderedarestillunknown.注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary，Itsimportant,Itsnatural，strange,etc.)that 宾宾 语语 从从 句句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓 语动词语动词 (及物动词及物动词) 或介词之后。或介词之后。 I heard (that) he joined the army. She did not know wha
7、t had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. She told me (that) she would accept my invitation.1.1.作动词的宾语作动词的宾语2.2.作介词的宾语作介词的宾语Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another 3. 作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语 I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.A.it 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 Wehear
8、ditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.B. 否定的转移否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.1C. that在宾语从句中的省略与保留在宾语从句中的省略与保留 1.在主在主+谓谓+it(形式宾语形式宾语)+宾补宾补+that从句从句(真正宾语真正宾语) 的句型中不省的句型中不省.Wemustmakeitclearthatwe
9、meanwhatwesay. 2.由连词由连词and连接的两个由连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中,第二个第二个that 不省不省.Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.注意:在demand,order,suggest,advise,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“should+动词原形”。Iinsistthatshe (should) do her work alone.Thecommanderorderedthat
10、troops(should)setoffatonce.但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathehadpassedtheexamination.(二二)只能用只能用whether不能用不能用if的情况的情况1.在介词后面：在介词后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.We didnt think about whether it would rain the next day.2.在动词不定式前：在动词不
11、定式前：They asked me whether to sit at the front.3.当与当与or not连用，或连用，或提出两种选择提出两种选择 时时:I dont know whether hes free or not.Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4.宾语从句提前时：宾语从句提前时：Whether this is true or not, I cant say.5.在动词在动词discuss后
12、的后的宾语从句中宾语从句中:We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week.6.引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether：Whether he is right or wrong is a question.The question was whether he went there last night.(三三)用用if不用不用whether的情况的情况:1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时：引导否定概念的宾语从句时：He asked me if I hadnt finished m
13、y homework.2.引导条件状语从句，引导条件状语从句，if意为意为“如果如果”时时:Well go hiking if it doesnt rain tomorrow.doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that引导名词性从句。besure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if引导的名词性从句。 3. 表语从句在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif,because引导。其基本结构为：
14、主语+系动词+that从句1.The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2.This is why we cant get the support of the people. 3.But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4.The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the early bus. 5.It looks as if it is
15、going to rain. 注意注意: 如主语是如主语是reason或或why引导的主语从句时引导的主语从句时,表语从句常用表语从句常用that引导引导,不用不用because或或why引导。引导。4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。 同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后,如news,idea,information,fact,hope,thought,belief等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容， 1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句的功能 同同位位语语从从句句对对于于名名词词进进一一步步解解释释，说说明明名名词词的的具具体体内内容容，一般由一般由 that, whet
16、her, when, how, where, why引导，例如：引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 3) I have no idea when we should go.2. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1) 定语从句中的定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作
17、某个成既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成 分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的 that是连词，只起连是连词，只起连 接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyearThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim. ( 定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）(同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）2) When, where, why 引导的同位语从句于定语从句的区别引导的同位语从句于定语从句的区别 I s
18、till remember the days when we worked together. I have no idea when we should go.分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的要点有以下六个方面:高考题例示：高考主要考查内容高考主要考查内容考点之一：考点之一：考查名词性从句的语序考查名词性从句的语序1.Thephotographswillshowyou_.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike2.Youcan
19、timagine_whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited名词性从句应用陈述语序名词性从句应用陈述语序BB1._wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what2._causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Wh
20、ere3.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.How4.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whetherAABB考点之二：考查考点之二：考查that 与与what的区别的区别that在从句中不作成分，而在从句中不作成分，而what在从句中作成分。在从句中作成分。1.IthinkFatherwo
21、uldliketoknow_Ivebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how2.Perseveranceisakindofquality-andthats_ittakestodoanythingwell.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why3.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which4.Doyouhaveanyidea_isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A.
22、thatB.whatC.asD.whichwhat 表笼统概念，表笼统概念，which 表选择范围表选择范围考点考点之三：考查之三：考查what与与which的的区别区别.1._the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That2._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where3.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingCh
23、ristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether4._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether考点考点之四：考查之四：考查that，if与与whether的的区别区别1.下列情况下一般只能用下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用，不用if：A.引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时；B.引导从句作介词宾语；C.从句后有“ornot”时；D.后接动词不定式时E.discuss后但当宾语或主语从句为否定句时，只能用if引导，不能用whether引导2. that表陈述，无意义；表陈述，无意义；if
24、/whether表疑问，表疑问，“是否是否”。1._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It2.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them3._isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.A.AsB.ThatC.ThisD.It4.Hedidntmake_clearwhen
25、andwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A.thisB.thatC.itD.these考点之考点之五五：考查考查itit 作形式主语或形式宾作形式主语或形式宾语语1.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterests.2.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho3.2._hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever3.Itwasamatterof_wouldtaketheposition
26、.（上海1998）A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever考点之考点之六六： Who / whoever, what / whatever Who / whoever, what / whatever 与与 no matter what / who.no matter what / who.A.A.一般说来，一般说来，what/whowhat/who等含特指意义，而等含特指意义，而whatever/whoeverwhatever/whoever等含等含 泛指意义，意为泛指意义，意为“无论什么无论什么/ /无论谁无论谁”。B. whatever, whoever. B. wh
27、atever, whoever. 既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让 步状语从句；而步状语从句；而no matter what / who .no matter what / who .只能引导让步状只能引导让步状 语从句语从句1.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.（NMET99）：-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.thatD.where2.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_Idisagree.（全国2004）A.why
28、B.whereC.whatD.how3.Wecannotfigureout_quiteanumberofinsects,birdsandanimalsaredyingout.(北京2003）A.thatB.asC.whyD.when4.Doyouremember_hecame?Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.（NMET99）A.HowB.whenC.thatD.if考点之考点之七七： Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。等连接副词引导的名词性从句。 使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求 1.Itisnecessar
29、ythatacollegestudent_atleastaforeignlanguage.A.mastersB.shouldmaster（上海93）C.masteredD.willmaster2.-Dontyouthinkitnecessarythathe_toMiamibuttoNewYork?（05江苏省）-Iagree,buttheproblemis_hehasrefusedto.A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what考点之考点之八八：查名词性从句的虚拟语气查名词性从句的
30、虚拟语气表示建议、请求、命令、要求、表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等词后面的宾语从句、坚持等词后面的宾语从句、 同位语从句、主语从句中及表语从句要用虚拟语气同位语从句、主语从句中及表语从句要用虚拟语气 （shouldshould）+ +动词原形动词原形1.Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary_hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.（2005浙江）A.whoB.thatC.asD.which2.Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellfor_hethoughtwasnotenough.（05山东省）A.whereB.howC.whatD.which3.Thewayhediditwasdifferent_wewereusedto.（05江西）A.inwhichB.InwhatC.fromwhatD.fromwhich考点之考点之九九：查名词性从句查名词性从句和定语从句的区别：和定语从句的区别：根据句意和结构细心判断根据句意和结构细心判断
