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1、定语从句在阅读和写作中定语从句在阅读和写作中的运用的运用 对定语从句的掌握要落实到三个层面：一、认得出二、看得懂三、用得上认得出：关键:找到主句，分离从句。但不管定语从句以哪一种形式出现，他们都有一个共同特点：那就是在一个核心名词的前面或后面。一、定语从句的位置（一）从句在主句的前面例如:Asiswell-known,mancouldtlivewithoutwater.（二）从句在主句的后面例如:Thisisthehousewherehisfatherwasborn.（三）放置在主句中例1:ThedaywhentheygotmarriedwasjustonFebruary14.二、理解定语从句
2、要注意:A.准确判断定语从句所修饰的对象。由于定语从句与其所修饰的对象之间常有分割成分，而该分割成分中与定语从句紧挨着的名词常常会被误认为是定语从句的先行词。在理解上会造成障碍。因此遇到这种结构一定要根据上下文和常识进行判断。1.Thedaysaregonewhenwesufferedsomuch2.Therearemanypeopleontheplatformwhoarewaitingforthetrain3.Doyourememberoneafternoontenyearsago,whenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedanecklaceofyours?4.Atall
3、timesyoumayfindthingshappeningwhicharehardtoexplainB.要注意区分从句的层次。定语从句是最可能出现嵌套结构的。一句话中往往包括好几个定语从句，这些从句有时是相互并列的关系，有时是嵌套关系。理解句子的时候应注意区分。1、Thebossatlastgotachancetovisitthevillagewhereheusedtowork，whichhehadbeendreamingoffor20years.老板终于得到机会去访问他工作过的村庄，他一直梦想了20年。2、Americahasmorethanfiftystates，oneofwhich，K
4、entucky，istheplacewhereAbrahamLincolnwasborn.美国有50多个州。其中之一的肯塔基州是林肯出生的地方。三、找出阅读篇章中的定语从句,并理解这些句子。Lesson 3 Marco Polo1.Whenhewas17yearsold,hetraveledacrossEuropeandAsiawithhisfather,whowantedtodotradewiththeChinese.（L2)2.HewasveryimpressedbyBeijingandtheEmperorsPalace,especiallytheSummerPalacewhichhede
5、scribedasThegreatestpalacethateverwas.”(L13)3.TherewereinventionsanddevelopmentsinChinawhichwerenotavailableinEuropeatthattime.(L16)4.However,MarcowasluckyenoughtomeetanotherprisonerwhoenjoyedlisteningtohisstoriesaboutChina.(L27)5.TheprisonerthenwrotethestoriesinabookcalledThe Description of the Wor
6、ld,whichbecameoneofthebest-sellingbooksinEurope.(L30)6.Justbeforehedied,aged70,Marcowasaskedthequestion,“Wasitalltrue?”,towhichhereplied,“IhaveonlytoldhalfofwhatIsaw!”（L35)读得懂：在认得出的基础上，理解含定语从句的句子。关键：弄清楚逻辑关系，把各个从句剔出来单独理解，再灵活处理把大意拼凑起来，构成整个长句的意思，就可降低长句的理解难度，准确理解文意。在理解含定语从句的句子理解含定语从句的句子时，一定要考虑到中英文的表达习惯。
7、常见的理解方式的理解方式有以下几种：一、前置法:把定语从句翻译定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。Spaceandoceansarethenewworldwhichscientistsaretryingtoexplore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。二、后置法:把定语从句翻译定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译翻译为并列分句。单独把定语从句翻译定语从句翻译出来的话，并重复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。ItoldthestorytoJohn,whotoldittohisbrother.他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。Theyworkedoutan
8、ewmethodbywhichproductionhasnowbeenrapidlyincreased.他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。三、融合法:把定语从句定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译翻译。Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.楼下有人要见你。Adriverwhoisdrivingthebusmustnttalkwithothersorbeabsent-minded.司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。Heinsistedonbuyinganotherhouse,whichhehadnousefor尽管他并没有这样的需要
9、，他坚持要再买一幢房子。Hewishestowriteanarticlethatwillattractthepublicattentiontothematter.为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.在我在我们们工厂里，工厂里，许许多人多人对这项对这项新新发发明很
10、感明很感兴兴趣。趣。实战演练1.Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyears,givingthemplentyoftimetobuildmorethan1000hugestonefigures,calledmoat,forwhichtheislandismostfamous.2、MywifeandItookthetrainfromParistoStrasbourg,whereweweremetbyourdriverandguide,andtheminibuswhichgoesalongwiththeboat.We
11、stoppedoffinBarnforanhourontheway.ThenweretakentoNancywheretheboatwaskept.(优化设计P37)Wheredidtheauthorgetoffthetrain?A.ParisB.StrasbourgC.NancyC.Barn3、Steve Magellan, world-famous adventurer, has been missing for two days. The man who flew around the world by himself in a balloon took off in a single-
12、engine airplane from a private airport in Nevada.(优化设计P43)判断句子正误：SteveMagellanoftentraveledaroundtheworldwithsomeonescompany.3、He didnt file a flight plan, so exactly where he went is unknown. Searchers are looking for him in a high desert, a 200 by 200 mile area with lots of ravines(沟壑）沟壑）by air. “
13、It would be very easy for a small plane like that to disappear for months,” said an officer from the Civil Air Patrol. The plane, like most small planes, did not have a “black box,” which sends out radio signals in event of a crash. A friend of Magellans said that he usually wears a watch that can s
14、end radio signals. But no signals were coming from that watch, if he was in fact wearing it.(.(优化设计P43-44)WhichofthefollowingisNotadifficultyforthesearchers?A.Its unknown where he was going exactly.B.The shape of the place where Steve Magellan was missing was complicated(复复杂的杂的).C. Steve Magellan lo
15、st his watch which can send out radio signals.D.The plane had no machine sending out radio signals.用得上：识别是理解的前提，理解是运用的根本。在语言学习中，运用才是王道。定语从句在写作中的运用常用句型一：由常用句型一：由as引引导导的非限制性定的非限制性定语语从句从句As we have known, Marco Polo was a great explorer.常常用用句句型型二二：由由who或或which引引导导的的非非限限制性定制性定语语从句从句Marco Polo,who was an
16、 Italian, travelled all around China.常常用用句句型型三三：由由who， whom， whose， where， when， why等等引引导导的的定定语语从从句句(包括限制性和非限制性定包括限制性和非限制性定语语从句从句Marco Polo traveled across Europe and Asia with his father, who wanted to do trade with the Chinese.用定语从句翻译短语:1.一个出生在Italy的旅行家a traveller who was born in Italy2.作燃料的黑色的石头t
17、he black stones（which/that） people used to burn for fuel.3.欧洲所没有的发明the inventions which were not available in Europe4.大厅可轻易容纳6000人同时进餐的宫殿thepalacehallcaneasilyseat6000peoplefordinner5.他向另一个囚徒讲述他的故事的地方theplacehetoldhisstoriestoanotherprisoner6.人们不相信他的故事的原因thereasonpeopledidntbelievehisstories恰当地使用定语从
18、句可以提恰当地使用定语从句可以提升作文的档次升作文的档次例句示范：杰克来自加拿大，他在我们学校已经学习了3年,他不仅经常帮助我们学英语，而且中文也讲的很不错。JackisfromCanada.Hehasstudiedinourschoolforthreeyears.HeoftenhelpsuslearnEnglish.HespeaksChineseverywell.杰克来自加拿大，杰克来自加拿大， 他在我们学校已经学习了他在我们学校已经学习了3年年,他不仅经常帮助我们学英语，他不仅经常帮助我们学英语， 而且中文也而且中文也讲的很不错。讲的很不错。JackcomesfromCanada.Heis
19、astudentofourschoolwherehehasstudiedfor3years.NotonlydoesheoftenhelpuslearnEnglishbuthespeaksChinesefluentlyaswell. 杰克来自加拿大，杰克来自加拿大， 他在我们学校已经学习他在我们学校已经学习了了3年年,他不仅经常帮助我们学英语，他不仅经常帮助我们学英语， 而且中而且中文也讲的很不错。文也讲的很不错。Jackisastudentofourschool,whocomesfromCanada.Hehasstudiedinourschoolforthreeyears.Heoftenhel
20、psuslearnEnglish,andhespeaksChineseverywell.Ourclassisabigfamily.Itismadeupof36girlsand15boys.Allofthemareverydiligentandwarm-hearted.Ourclassisabigfamily,whichismadeupof36girlsand15boys,allofwhomareverydiligentandwarm-hearted.句式提升Without water, man cant live, so it is of great importance.Water, wit
21、hout which man cant live, is of great importance.句子句子“瘦身瘦身”。使用定语从句后句子更简练。使用定语从句后句子更简练He made brilliant remarks on the famous film.The remarks that he made on the famous film was brilliant.He thought of an important way to deal with it.The way he thought of to deal with it was of great importance. (“
22、高级高级”变中来；使用定语从句突出了变中来；使用定语从句突出了brilliant和和importance)练一练练一练把下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句把下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句的复合句1.Marco Polo was a great explorer. He lived in China forsome time._2.He traveled across Europe and Asia with his father.His father wanted to do trade with the Chinese._ 3.He traveled ac
23、ross Europe and Asia with his father.His father wanted to do trade with the Chinese._4.The arrived in Beijing. They were warmly welcomed by the Yuan Dynasty. _ 5.The emperor was impressed by Marco Polo. Marco was clever and could speak four languages._6.Marco was impressed by the the Summer Palace.
24、The palaces hall can easily seat 6000 people for dinner._ 7.Marco was also surprised by the inventions and developments in China. They were not available in Europe at that time._8.Marco was confused by the black stones. People used them to burn for fuel._ 9.Marco ruturned to his town. A local war br
25、oke out there._10.A local war broke out .During the war,Marco was the captainof a warship._ 11.Marco was caught by the enemy and put in prison.In the prison, he told his stories to another prisoner.The stories later became a best-selling book._12.People enjoyed reading his stories about China. Most
26、of the stories were too fantastic to be true._ 13.Just before he died, aged 70, Marco was asked the question, “Was it all true?”.He replied to it, “I have only told half of what I saw!”_14.Marco Polo was a very brave, determined, and courageous explorer.He set a good example to us._ 作业：作业：选用以上句子选用以上句子,写一篇有关写一篇有关Marco Polo的的文章。文章。
