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1、句子的基本成分及句子的基本成分及类型类型 Good study habit is the key to success.良好的学习习惯是成功的秘诀。良好的学习习惯是成功的秘诀。1一一. 句子的基本成分句子的基本成分(7种种)1.主语主语: The students study hard. 2.谓语：谓语：We left at five oclock. We left school at five oclock.3.宾语宾语: 1)The child needs help. 2)Tom likes playing football. 3)I hope to see you again.4.表语：
2、表语：1) Her uncle is a teacher. 2) He became angry.25.宾语补足语宾语补足语:1) We found the story quite interesting. 2) We asked him to help us. 3) I saw a child playing on the grass. 6.状语状语: 1.He was born in shanghai in 1970. 2.I well remember the frightening night. 3.Luckily, he was rescued from the ruins.7.定语
3、定语: 1) The man in a brown jacket is my father. 2) I have something important to tell you. 3 1) 按使用目的分为：按使用目的分为： 陈述句陈述句, 疑问句疑问句, 祈使句祈使句, 感叹句感叹句 2) 按句子结构按句子结构 简单句简单句, 并列句并列句, 复合句复合句二二. 句子的类型句子的类型4(1)简单句：简单句：只有只有一个主语一个主语（或并列主语）和（或并列主语）和一个谓语一个谓语动动 词（或并列谓语动词）构成的句子。词（或并列谓语动词）构成的句子。 1.He works hard. 2.Zhan
4、g Lin and Wang Dong study in the same school. 3.Both Linda and Maggie get up at six, have breakfast at home and go to school at 7 oclock.(2)并列句：并列句：由并列由并列连词连词(and/ or/ but)把两个或两个以上把两个或两个以上 的的简单句简单句连在一起的句子。连在一起的句子。 其结构是：其结构是： 简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词+简单句简单句 1. I help him and he helps me . 2. He failed many ti
5、mes but he didnt lose heart. (3)复合句：复合句：简单句中的简单句中的某一个成分某一个成分由由一个句子一个句子来充当。来充当。 He said that he had seen the film.二二二二. . 句子的类型句子的类型句子的类型句子的类型5简单句的五个简单句的五个基本句型基本句型 6连系动词：连系动词：be, feel, smell, remain, keep, become, get, fall, grow, seem, appear, 分析下面句子成分：分析下面句子成分： 1. He is a boy. 2. She looks beautifu
6、l. 3. The method proves excellent. 4. The people became shocked.句型一：主语连系动词表语句型一：主语连系动词表语7Practice1. 1（ ）They very excited.2（ ） The banana is tasted sweet.3（ ） The rubbish smells badly.句型一：主语连系动词表语句型一：主语连系动词表语8Practice2. 翻译下面的句子翻译下面的句子1)Anne是我们的新同学。是我们的新同学。 2)叶子在秋天变成红色。叶子在秋天变成红色。3)苹果很甜。苹果很甜。4)这种布摸起来很
7、柔软。这种布摸起来很柔软。Anne is our new classmate.Leaves turn red in autumn.The apple tastes/ is sweet.This kind of cloth feels soft.句型一：主语连系动词表语句型一：主语连系动词表语9分析下面的句子成分：分析下面的句子成分：1)Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.2)The sun was shining brightly.3)The moon rose high in the sky.
8、4)They talked for half an hour.句型二：主语谓语句型二：主语谓语(不及物动词不及物动词)(常状语常状语)10Practice ：1)火车在半个小时内就要开了。火车在半个小时内就要开了。 2)这个小孩开心地笑了。这个小孩开心地笑了。3) 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。的变化。4) 他坐在那，看着小说。他坐在那，看着小说。 The train is leaving in half an hour.The child laughed happily.Great changes have taken place in
9、my hometown in the past ten years.He sat there, reading a novel.句型二：主语谓语句型二：主语谓语(不及物动词不及物动词)状语状语11观察下面的句子：观察下面的句子：1)Many boys like football.2)At 3:42 a.m. everything began to shake.3)I enjoy living in the countryside.4)We havent decided where to hold the sports meet.句型三：主语谓语句型三：主语谓语(及物动词及物动词)宾语宾语12
10、翻译下面的句子翻译下面的句子1.他拒绝帮他们的忙。他拒绝帮他们的忙。2.他们已经决定什么时候上学。他们已经决定什么时候上学。3.我记得借过这本书，但忘记去还书了。我记得借过这本书，但忘记去还书了。He refused to help them.They have decided when to go to school.I remember borrowing this book, but forget to return it.句型三：主语谓语句型三：主语谓语(及物动词及物动词)宾语宾语13观察下面的句子：观察下面的句子：1)He brings me cookies every day. 2
11、)She bought me a beautiful skirt.句型四：主语谓语句型四：主语谓语(及物及物)间接宾语间接宾语(人人)+直接宾语直接宾语(物物)He brings cookies to me every day.She bought a beautiful skirt for me.注：注：用用to侧重指动作的方向侧重指动作的方向, 表示表示朝着朝着、向着向着、对着对着某人某人;用用for侧重指动作的受益者侧重指动作的受益者, 表示表示为了为了某人某人, 替替某人某人.14翻译下面的句子翻译下面的句子:1.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个令人恐惧的故事。奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个令人恐惧的故事。
12、2.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新车。我父亲已经给我买了一辆新车。3.他教我怎样使用电脑。他教我怎样使用电脑。4.她为她丈夫煮了一顿美味的饭菜。她为她丈夫煮了一顿美味的饭菜。Grandma told me a frightening story last night.My father has bought me a new bike.He showed me how to use the computer.句型四：主语谓语句型四：主语谓语(及物及物)间接宾语间接宾语(人人)+直接宾语直接宾语(物物)She cooked her husband a delicious meal.15观察下面的句子：
13、观察下面的句子： We saw him play basketball on the playground.(2) We saw him playing basketball on the playground.(3) The news made us sad.(4) We elected Li Yang our monitor. (5) I found myself in dark. 我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。句型五：主语谓语句型五：主语谓语(及物及物)宾语宾语+宾补宾补16翻译下面的句子翻译下面的句子:1.他听见有人在开门。他听见有人在开门。2.我们要使学校变得更美丽。我
14、们要使学校变得更美丽。3.他要我即刻回来。他要我即刻回来。4.他发现他的腿受伤了。他发现他的腿受伤了。5.我们选我们选当组长。当组长。He heard someone opening the door.We will make our school more beautiful.He asked me to come back soon.He found his leg injured.句型五：主语谓语句型五：主语谓语(及物及物)宾语宾语+宾补宾补We made/ elected him/ (to be) our group leader.17李明是我们班里的一名优秀学生。他能够用英李明是我们
15、班里的一名优秀学生。他能够用英语流利地表达。语流利地表达。 因为这些原因，我们选他做我因为这些原因，我们选他做我们班的班长。们班的班长。 去年，他在我生日的时候送了我去年，他在我生日的时候送了我一份很漂亮的礼物。我们已经成为好朋友一份很漂亮的礼物。我们已经成为好朋友,这个这个暑假我将和他去旅游。暑假我将和他去旅游。巩固训练：巩固训练：思考用以上那种句型结构，然后再思考用以上那种句型结构，然后再 根据句型结构翻译下面段落。根据句型结构翻译下面段落。 18李明是我们班里的一名优秀学生。李明是我们班里的一名优秀学生。他能够用英语流利地表达。他能够用英语流利地表达。因为这些原因，我们选他做我们班的班长
16、。因为这些原因，我们选他做我们班的班长。去年，他在我生日的时候送了我一份很漂亮的礼物。去年，他在我生日的时候送了我一份很漂亮的礼物。我们已经成为好朋友我们已经成为好朋友,这个暑假我将和他去旅游。这个暑假我将和他去旅游。Li Ming is an excellent student in our class.He can express himself in English fluently.For these reasons, we made/chose/elected him (to be) the monitor of our class.Last year, he gave me a n
17、ice gift on my birthday.Now we have become good friends, and this summer he and I will go travelling together.19Li Ming is an excellent student in our class. He can express himself in English fluently. For these reasons, we made/chose/elected him to be the monitor of our class. Last year, he gave me
18、 a nice gift on my birthday. Now we have become good friends, and this summer he and I will go travelling together.巩固训练：巩固训练：思考用以上那种句型结构，然后再思考用以上那种句型结构，然后再 根据句型结构翻译下面段落。根据句型结构翻译下面段落。 20句子类型句子类型 1) 按使用目的按使用目的 陈述句陈述句, ,疑问句疑问句, , 祈使句祈使句, ,感叹句感叹句 2) 2) 按句子结构按句子结构 简单句简单句, , 并列句并列句, , 复合句复合句简单句有一个主语或多个主语和
19、一个谓语；一个主语和多简单句有一个主语或多个主语和一个谓语；一个主语和多个谓语。个谓语。并列句是由并列连词连接的两个或多个简单句。并列句是由并列连词连接的两个或多个简单句。 并列连词：并列连词： and, or, nor, but, however, as well as, bothand, not only but also, eitheror, neithernor 21并列连词：并列连词： and, or, nor, but, however, as well as, bothand, not only but also, eitheror, neithernorEg: 1.He helps me and I help him 2.He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English. 3.Either Tom is coming or his sisters are. 4.Will he still be there or will he have gone away?5.I want to go to the party ,however, i have no transport 6. She is neither clever nor hardworking. 22
