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1、英语构词法英语构词法9/5/20241高考复习英语构词法英语构词法主要有英语构词法主要有三三种：种： 转化转化、合成合成与与派生派生。 英语构词法种类英语构词法种类另外还有另外还有截短截短、缩合缩合等。等。9/5/20242高考复习英语构词法1. 1. 转化转化 : : 是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。 water water n. n. 水水 - water - water vt.vt. 浇水浇水常见的转化形式两种：常见的转化形式两种：动词动词 - - 名词名词名词名词 - - 动词动词9/5/20243高考复习英语构词法 动词动词-名词名词 stop vt.
2、 停止停止 - n.车站车站love vt. 爱爱 - n. 爱爱Watch vt. 观看观看 - n. 手表手表record vt. 录音录音 - n. 纪录纪录comb vt. 梳理梳理(头发头发) - n. 梳子梳子abuse vt. 辱骂辱骂 - n. 辱骂辱骂9/5/20244高考复习英语构词法 名词名词 - - 动词动词 hand n. 手手 - vt. 上交上交seat n. 座位座位 - vt. 坐坐nurse n. 护士护士 - vt. 护理护理oil n. 油油 - vt. 上油上油time n. 时间时间 - vt. 定时，测时定时，测时shoulder n. 肩膀肩膀
3、- vt. 肩负肩负9/5/20245高考复习英语构词法mine n. 矿山矿山 - vt. 开矿开矿barbecue n. 烧烤烧烤-vt. 在烤架上在烤架上烤烤ship n. 船船 - vt. 用船装运用船装运 finance n. 金融金融- vt. 为为提供资提供资金金stain n. 污点污点,污迹污迹 - vt. 玷污，污染玷污，污染draft n. 草稿草稿 - vt. 起草起草head n. 头头 - v. 前进前进transport n. 运输运输 - vt. 运输运输9/5/20246高考复习英语构词法副词副词 - 动词动词 down adv. 向下向下 - v. 放下放下
4、副词副词 - 名词名词nowhere adv. 任何地方都不任何地方都不 - n. 无处，无名的地方无处，无名的地方9/5/20247高考复习英语构词法形容词形容词 - - 名词名词 freezing freezing adj.adj. 冰冻的冰冻的 - - n. n. 冰点冰点 solid solid adj.adj. 固体的固体的, ,坚实的坚实的- - n. n. 固体固体数词数词 - - 动词动词 second second num.num. 第二第二 - - v. v. 赞成赞成 - - n. n. 秒秒9/5/20248高考复习英语构词法2. 2. 合成合成 : : 有两个或更多的
5、词合成一个词。有两个或更多的词合成一个词。 class class 班级班级 + room + room 房间房间 = = classroomclassroom 教室教室warm + heart + ed = warm + heart + ed = warmheartedwarmhearted 热心肠的热心肠的good + looking = good + looking = good-lookinggood-looking 相貌好看的相貌好看的9/5/20249高考复习英语构词法hard + working = hard-working 勤劳的勤劳的peace-lovingstate-own
6、edwell-knownready-madesightseeingbloodthirsty 9/5/202410高考复习英语构词法3. 3. 派生派生 : : 是通过在词根上加是通过在词根上加前缀前缀或者或者后缀后缀构成一个新词。构成一个新词。happy - happy - ununhappyhappydevelop - develodevelop - developmentpment9/5/202411高考复习英语构词法前缀一般只引起前缀一般只引起意思意思上的变化而不上的变化而不造成造成词类词类的变化，只有少数能引起的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。词类的变化。mis- 错误的错误的 + u
7、nderstand v. 理解理解 - misunderstand v. 误解误解en + large adj. 大的大的 - enlarge v. 扩大扩大9/5/202412高考复习英语构词法后缀一般只引起后缀一般只引起词性词性上的变化而不上的变化而不造成造成意思意思的变化。的变化。care v. 照料照料 - careful adj. 细心的细心的work v. 工作工作 - worker n. 工人工人9/5/202413高考复习英语构词法常见的常见的前缀前缀9/5/202414高考复习英语构词法(A)表示表示否定否定的前缀：的前缀： un-unfair,unhappy non-non
8、smoker (常用在常用在n. adj. adv. 前前) in-inactive, inhuman, indirect (常用在常用在adj.后后) dis-disagree,disappear im-impolite,impossible (用在用在b,p,m 开头的词前开头的词前) il-illegal ir-irreal, irregular9/5/202415高考复习英语构词法(B).(B).表示表示错误或或失失当当的前的前缀: : mis-misjudge, misdirect( mis-misjudge, misdirect(误导) )(C).(C).表示表示向背向背的前的前缀
9、: : propro-(-(亲，支持亲，支持) ) pro-Chinese, pro-American pro-Chinese, pro-American antianti- -（阻止，抗）（阻止，抗） antiwar, anti-Japanese war antiwar, anti-Japanese war9/5/202416高考复习英语构词法(D).表示程度、大小的前缀表示程度、大小的前缀super- superstar,supermarket, superman, superpowerover- overhead, overeat, overusemini- minibus, minis
10、kirt, mini-carunder- underground, under-developsemi-(半，部分半，部分) semicircle, semiskilled, semi-steel9/5/202417高考复习英语构词法(E).表示表示时间时间的前缀的前缀 pre- prewar post- postwar fore-(前，预先前，预先) foretell, forecast, foresee, weather forecast9/5/202418高考复习英语构词法(F).表示表示方位方位的前缀：的前缀： sub- subway, submarine inter- interna
11、tional, intercity, interclass trans-(横过，通过，超越，进入横过，通过，超越，进入) translate, transatlantic 9/5/202419高考复习英语构词法常见的常见的后缀后缀9/5/202420高考复习英语构词法1.动词变名词：动词变名词：-ation satisfaction, education, realization-ment development, movement, disappointment9/5/202421高考复习英语构词法-al arrival, refusal-ee trainee, employee-er te
12、acher, worker-or visitor, sailor9/5/202422高考复习英语构词法2.形容词变名词形容词变名词-ness happiness, meanness, carelessness-ity ability, possibility -ism Marxism, criticism9/5/202423高考复习英语构词法3.名词变形容词：名词变形容词：-y windy, rainy, sandy-ish foolish, feverish-some handsome, troublesome-ous dangerous, humorous-ful helpful, car
13、eful, peaceful9/5/202424高考复习英语构词法3. 名词、形容词变动词：名词、形容词变动词：-ify beautify, simplify-ize realize-en quicken, widen, sharpen9/5/202425高考复习英语构词法但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅改变词义改变词义： Kingdom: “职位、状态职位、状态” freedomBoyhood: “身份，资格身份，资格” childhoodFriendship:情情态态状状态态性性质质身身份份职职业业技技巧巧技技 能能” leadership, hardshipSpo
14、onful：构成名词：构成名词mouthful(满口满口,一口一口), handful(一把一把)9/5/202426高考复习英语构词法4. 4. 截短截短 : : 是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。 telephone - phone influenza - flu. 流行性感流行性感冒冒9/5/202427高考复习英语构词法5. 5. 缩合缩合 : : 是指把两个或两个以上的词各取是指把两个或两个以上的词各取一部分合在一起构成一个新单词。一部分合在一起构成一个新单词。smoke and fog - smog 烟雾烟雾Test of English as a for
15、eign language TOEFL 托福托福International English language test system - IELTS 雅思雅思9/5/202428高考复习英语构词法1. The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only _ the speaker _ .A. to find； left B. to find； goneC. finding； left D. finding； gone9/5/202429高考复习英语构词法 1.The peasant died, leaving his wife and his thr
16、ee children in the world 2. He woke up the next morning, only to find himself in the hospital.9/5/202430高考复习英语构词法find +宾语+宾补1.find the door open (adj.)2.find him sitting by the window(-ing)3.find the wall painted (P.P)4.find himself in the hospital(prep.phrase)9/5/202431高考复习英语构词法2.I failed again. I
17、wish I _ harder. But you _.A. had worked； hadnt B. worked； dontC. had worked； didnt D. worked； didnt9/5/202432高考复习英语构词法wish1.I wish you success.2.I wish you to help me.3.Give my best wishes to4.I wish I were a bird.5.I wish I could help you.6.I wish I had attended the ball yesterday.9/5/202433高考复习英语
18、构词法3.Why not go out for a walk before breakfast?Oh，yes. _ is my favorite time of day.A. In the early morningB. Early morningC. The early of morningD. The early morning that 9/5/202434高考复习英语构词法1.It was early morning when I got home.2.It was in the early morning that I got home.3.Was it in the early m
19、orning that you got home?4.When was it that you got home?9/5/202435高考复习英语构词法4. It was not until liberation that _ to his hometown.A. did he return B. was he returnedC. he did return D. he returned9/5/202436高考复习英语构词法当被强调的是not.until句型时,应将not置于until之前,主句由否定句改为肯定句。当被强调的是not.until句型时,应将not置于until之前,主句由否定
20、句改为肯定句It is I who/ that am going to be sent there to help them 当被强调的是当被强调的是not.untilnot.until句型时句型时, ,应应将将notnot置于置于untiluntil之前之前, ,主句由否定句主句由否定句改为改为肯定肯定句。句。 It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began. 9/5/202437高考复习英语构词法 It was her that told me about it. It was she that told me about
21、it. It is I who the teacher has punished It is me whom the teacher has punished.9/5/202438高考复习英语构词法强调句It is/was+thatIt is he that/who wants to go instead of you.1.It was 2:00 when they left.2.It was at 2:00 that they left. It was because he was late that he was scolded.It was in the street that he w
22、as knocked down.9/5/202439高考复习英语构词法5.Id like a pen which _ well. Will this one _?A. writes； do B. writes； workC. is written； do D. is written； work9/5/202440高考复习英语构词法6.Can you finish the writing on time? _.A. Never mind B. With pleasureC. No problem D. All right9/5/202441高考复习英语构词法7.When _ we meet ag
23、ain? _ it any time you like.A. will； Do B. will； MakeC. shall； Do D. shall； Make9/5/202442高考复习英语构词法8. Look! There are lots of _ birds flying over the trees.A. funny red little B. funny little redC. little funny red D. little red funny9/5/202443高考复习英语构词法好好美美小小高高状状其新，其新，颜色国料颜色国料特别亲。特别亲。good/beautiful/
24、small(little)/tall/round(interesting)/newred/nationality/wood/9/5/202444高考复习英语构词法9. They couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of them had _ money on them.A. all； no B. any； noC. none； any D. no one； any9/5/202445高考复习英语构词法10.Shall we meet right now? Sorry. Im too busy to _ for the moment.A. get thro
25、ugh B. get awayC. get off D. get together9/5/202446高考复习英语构词法get awayget away（1) 1) 逃脱逃脱 (2) (2) 开始，出发；离开；出去旅行或休假开始，出发；离开；出去旅行或休假 (3) (3) 使离去；移走；送走使离去；移走；送走 Get off(1) 下去，下来；下（公共汽下去，下来；下（公共汽车、火、火车、飞机等），下（机等），下（马等）等）(2) 出出发，离去；起，离去；起飞；起跑；起跑(3) 寄出；寄出；发出出(4) 脱掉；除去，脱掉；除去，摆脱脱(5) 免受免受伤害、灾害、灾祸或或损失失(6) 学会，学会
26、，记熟熟 Get together(1) 收集，收集，积聚聚 (2) 聚集在一聚集在一处，会集；召集，集，会集；召集，集拢Get through(1) 通通过；使通；使通过 (2) 打通（尤指打通（尤指电话）9/5/202447高考复习英语构词法11. _ is known to all，good friends _ happiness and value to life.A. It； add B. As； addC. It； add up D. As； add to9/5/202448高考复习英语构词法 add up 总计，总共 add to 增加 add to 加到That will on
27、ly add to our difficulties. 那只会增加我们的困难。那只会增加我们的困难。Add up 6,7 and 8 and youll get 21. 把六、七、八相加，总数是二十一。把六、七、八相加，总数是二十一。9/5/202449高考复习英语构词法12. Mr. Green left _ suddenly _ he came.A. so； that B. so； asC. as； that D. as； as9/5/202450高考复习英语构词法13. Good food，not _，thats how one gets fat.A. enough exercises
28、B. exercises enoughC. enough exercise D. exercise enough9/5/202451高考复习英语构词法exercisevi. 锻炼，运动锻炼，运动She should exercise more.They dont exercise enough.My grandfather exercised and became healthier.vt. 练习练习We should exercise our legs.He is exercising himself in dancing.9/5/202452高考复习英语构词法n. (不可数不可数) 运动，
29、锻炼运动，锻炼I should take more exercise.Exercise is good for old people.n. (可数可数) 操练，学习中的练习题操练，学习中的练习题Students in this school do eye exercises twice a day.We do morning exercises every day.There are seven math exercises to do.9/5/202453高考复习英语构词法14. It was the very place _ the soldiers fought over sixty years ago.A. that B. whichC. whereD. there9/5/202454高考复习英语构词法15.What about _ job? Its too difficult _ job for me.A. the； a B. the； theC. a； the D. a； a9/5/202455高考复习英语构词法
