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1、动词动词( (已贴已贴),),英语语法英语语法- -词类词类2 2行为动词（或称实义动词）（或称实义动词）lA.及物动词：后面需接宾语，意义才完整。如：及物动词：后面需接宾语，意义才完整。如：lMaryopened the door tome.l玛丽给我开门。玛丽给我开门。lB.不及物动词：本身意义完整，后面不接宾语。如：不及物动词：本身意义完整，后面不接宾语。如：lThecarstopped.l车停了。车停了。lC.兼作及物和不及物动词：许多动词既可以作及物动词，兼作及物和不及物动词：许多动词既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词。如：又可以作不及物动词。如：lHestudied Englis
2、h atMiddleSchool.l他在中学学过英语。（他在中学学过英语。（vt. ）lHestudied veryhard.l他学习很用功。（他学习很用功。（vi. ）l be, get, grow, look, smell, taste, turn等，除了作连系动词以外，还可以作助动词或实义动词。lThey are working. (助动词) l他们正在工作。lPlease look at the blackboard. （实义动词） l我肯定我闻到了汽油的味道。l连系动词的固定搭配llook like 看起来像；look the same 看起来一样；sound like 听起来像；c
3、ome true 实现，成为现实；fall asleep入睡3)助动词和情态动词：助动词和情态动词：l助助动动词词本本身身没没有有意意义义，在在句句中中帮帮助助主主要要动动词词构构成成一一定定的的时时态态、语语态态、语语气气，或或帮帮助助构构成成否否定定句句和和疑疑问问句句。常常用用的的助助动动词词有有：be (am, are, is, was, were, been, being), do (does, did), have (has, had), will (would), shall (should)。2) 用法指南l 构成不同时态的各种形式lHeis singing. l他在唱歌。lH
4、e hasfinished his homework. l他已经完成了他的作业。l 构成不同语态的各种形式lHe wassent to Shanghai. l他被派往上海。lYou havebeen told about it. l这件事已经告诉过你了。l 构成疑问句lDo you like school life? l你喜欢学校生活吗？lDid you study English before you came here? l你来这儿前学过英语吗？l与否定副与否定副词not构成否定句构成否定句lIdontlikehim.l我不喜我不喜欢他。他。l加加强语气气lDocometotheparty
5、tomorrowevening.l明天晚上你一定要来参加晚会。明天晚上你一定要来参加晚会。lHedidknowthat.l他的确知道那件事。他的确知道那件事。情态动词情态动词l情态动词有一定意义，但仅仅表达说话人的情态动词有一定意义，但仅仅表达说话人的态度，并不表示动作或状态。它在句中需和态度，并不表示动作或状态。它在句中需和主要动词一起构成谓语。常用的主要动词一起构成谓语。常用的情态动词有：情态动词有：can(could),may(might),must,haveto(hadto),oughtto,usedto,need,dare,shall,should,will,would。如：。如：3
6、.短语动词短语动词l英英语语中中有有许许多多短短语语动动词词在在意意义义上上是是一一个个整整体体，其其用用法法有有的的相相当当于于及及物物动动词词，有有的的相相当当于于不不及及物物动动词词，有有的的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。如：兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。如：lTheplanetook off atsevenoclock.l飞机七点起飞。飞机七点起飞。lHelooksafterhismotherathome.l他他在在家家里里照照料料母母亲亲。二、动词的基本形式二、动词的基本形式 l动词有五种基本形式，即动词动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单原形、第三人称单数现在式、过去式、
7、过去分词和现在分词数现在式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。这五。这五种形式和助动词一起构成动词的各种时态、语态种形式和助动词一起构成动词的各种时态、语态和语气。和语气。 用法指南l1）动词原形l 动词原形就是动词原有的形式。l例如：be, have, buy, sit, play, study等。lPlease open the door. l请打开门。lI do my homework every day. l我每天做家庭作业。l2）动词的第三人称单数形式l在一般现在时的句子中，如果主语是第三人称单数时，动词形式要发生变化。lHe oftengoes to school by bike. l他
8、经常骑自行车上学。lLily usually gets up at 6:30. l莉莉通常6点半起床。l l第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下：l 一般情况下，在动词后直接加-s。l get-gets play-plays listen-listens come-comes work-worksl 如果是以-s，-x，-ch，-sh或-o结尾的动词，在动词后加-es。lgo-goes watch-watches wash-washes fix-fixes pass-passesl 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y变为i再加-es。l study-studies carry-carries try-t
9、riesl3）现在分词l现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成，其构成方法如下：l 一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加-ing。lplay-playing work-workingl 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉不发音的e，再加-ing。l make-making ride-riding write-writingl 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing，但如r前是双元音，r就不双写。l put-putting get-getting prefer-preferring但appear-appearingl 个别以-ie结尾的动词，要将ie变为y
10、，再加-ing。ldie-dying lie-lyingl4）动词过去式l 动词过去式用于一般过去时。它是在动词原形的基础上变化而来的，可分为规则和不规则两种形式。l 动词过去式的规则变化如下：l 一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed;以不发音的e结尾的动词，在其后加-d。l worked played looked arrived lived hopedl 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y变为i再加-ed。l study-studies cry-cried carry-carried try-triedl 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个末尾的辅音字母，再加-e
11、d，但如r前是双元音，r就不双写。l stop-stopped plan-planned beg-begged 但appear-appearedl5）过去分词l 过去分词用于完成时态和被动语态两种，其构成方法也分为规则变化和不规则变化两种形式。过去分词的规则变化和动词的过去式的规则变化是一样的。过去分词的不规则变化和过去式的不规则变化有所不同，但有些也有规律可循。 【自测题】l1. If you go to the park tomorrow morning, _.l A. so will he B. so he will C. so he does D. so does hel2. Coff
12、ee is ready. How nice it _! Would you like some?l A. feels B. smells C. sounds D. looksl3. Li Lei speaks French very well.l _.l A. So is he B. So he does C. So he do D. So he didl4. What will a city library be like if youre asked to build one?l I hope it will _ like a book.l A. taste B. sound C. loo
13、k D. smelll5. Some are _ in the river and some are _ games.l A. swiming, playing B. swimming, plaiingl C. swimming, playing D. swimming, plaingl6. Mark Twain, an American writer, _ everybody here.l A. knows B. is known as l C. is known to D. is known forl7. Where _ my glasses? I cant find them. l I
14、_ them on the bookshelf, but they arent there.l A. you put, put B. you have put, have putl C. have you put, put D. did you put, have putl8. When the police arrived, the man _ for 10 minutes. A. died B. was death C. had died D. had been deadl9. By the time this talk is over, we _ a lot about the eart
15、h.l A. shall be learning B. are learningl C. would learn D. shall have learntl10. The teachers told me that they _ me to smooth away the difficulties.l A. helped B. will help C. help D. were going to helpl11. Whats your friend going _ next week.l A. doing B. do C. does D. to dol12. I dont think that
16、s true. Hes always _ strange stories.l A. tell B. telling C. told D. telll13. Some flowers _ by Mary already.l A. have been watered B. watered C. have watered D. has been wateredl14. You _ about the future now, _ you?l A. dont think, dont B. arent thinking, arentl C. dont think, do D. arent thinking
17、, arel15. We _ each other since he left here.l A. didnt see B. hadnt seen C. havent seen D. had seen l16. Mr. Smith _ out for a walk in the park every day.lA. is going B. goes C. went D. go l17. As soon as we saw his face, we _ the news _ true.lA. knew, was B. know, were C. know, was D. know, werel1
18、8. Reading English magazines and newspapers _ helpful to your study of English.l A. is B. are C. will D. is going tol19. I often do some _ on Sundays.l A. washed B. to wash C. wash D. washing l20. Tom was noticed _ into that room at that time.l A. walk B. walks C. walking D. walked l答案：l1-5 ABBCC 6-10 CCDDD l11-15 DBADC 16-20 BAADC l l Thatsall.lThankyou!_
