组织学与胚胎学男性生殖系统

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1、the male reproductive systemthe male reproductive systemIntroduction The male reproductive system is The male reproductive system is composed of the testescomposed of the testes睾丸睾丸睾丸睾丸*, genital *, genital ductsducts生殖管道生殖管道生殖管道生殖管道, accessory gland, accessory gland附属腺附属腺附属腺附属腺, and penis, and peni

2、s阴茎阴茎阴茎阴茎. . The dual function of the testis is to The dual function of the testis is to produce hormone and spermatozoa.produce hormone and spermatozoa.testis and epididymistestis and epididymistestisFunction：1.produce the male germ cells gametessperm2.produce sexual hormone androgentestosteronetes

3、ticular interstitiumtesticular interstitium：间质细胞：间质细胞：间质细胞：间质细胞Leydig cellLeydig cell 1. 1.鞘膜脏层鞘膜脏层鞘膜脏层鞘膜脏层visceral layer of tunica visceral layer of tunica vaginalisvaginalis 2. 2.白膜白膜白膜白膜tunica albugineatunica albuginea 睾丸纵隔睾丸纵隔睾丸纵隔睾丸纵隔mediastinum testismediastinum testis 睾丸小隔睾丸小隔睾丸小隔睾丸小隔septulum

4、testisseptulum testis 3. 3.血管膜血管膜血管膜血管膜tunica vasculosatunica vasculosaLCT & Cap.LCT & Cap.parenchymaparenchyma：睾丸小叶：睾丸小叶：睾丸小叶：睾丸小叶testicular lobuletesticular lobule 生精小管生精小管生精小管生精小管seminiferous tubuleseminiferous tubule 直精小管直精小管直精小管直精小管tubulus rectustubulus rectus 睾丸网睾丸网睾丸网睾丸网rete testisrete testis

5、testisGeneral structureGeneral structuretesticular testicular capsulecapsuleseminiferous tubuleseminiferous tubule生精上皮生精上皮生精上皮生精上皮spermatogenic epitheliumspermatogenic epithelium* *basement membranebasement membrane：明显：明显：明显：明显collagenous fibercollagenous fiber类肌细胞类肌细胞类肌细胞类肌细胞myoid cellmyoid cell -w

6、hich have characteristics of smooth muscle. -which have characteristics of smooth muscle.seminiferous tubuleseminiferous tubule1. 1.Spermatozoids are produced in the seminiferous tubules.Spermatozoids are produced in the seminiferous tubules.2. 2.Each seminiferous tubule is lined with a complex Each

7、 seminiferous tubule is lined with a complex stratified epithelium, it is about stratified epithelium, it is about 150-250 150-250 m in diameter m in diameter and and 30-70 30-70 cm long.cm long.生精上皮生精上皮生精上皮生精上皮spermatogenic epitheliumspermatogenic epithelium* * 生精细胞生精细胞生精细胞生精细胞spermatogenic cellspe

8、rmatogenic cell* * 精原细胞精原细胞精原细胞精原细胞spermatogoniumspermatogonium 初级精母细胞初级精母细胞初级精母细胞初级精母细胞primary spermatocyteprimary spermatocyte 次级精母细胞次级精母细胞次级精母细胞次级精母细胞secondary spermatocytesecondary spermatocyte 精子细胞精子细胞精子细胞精子细胞spermatidspermatid 精子精子精子精子spermatozoonspermatozoon 支持细胞支持细胞支持细胞支持细胞sustentacular cell

9、, Sertoli cellsustentacular cell, Sertoli cell* *seminiferous tubuleseminiferous tubule* * 精精精精子子子子发发发发生生生生s sp pe er rmma at to og ge en ne es si is sSpermatogenic cell & SpermatogenesisSpermatogenic cell & Spermatogenesis1. 1. At pubertyAt puberty2. 2. FSHFSH stimulating stimulating 3. 3. Spermato

10、genic cells differentiate to spermatozoaSpermatogenic cells differentiate to spermatozoaSpermatogenesis:Spermatogenesis: The process from spermatogonia to The process from spermatogonia to spermatozoa.spermatozoa.seminiferous tubuleseminiferous tubuleSpermatogonium is a relatively small cell, about

11、Spermatogonium is a relatively small cell, about 12 12 m in diameter, situated next to the basal lamina of m in diameter, situated next to the basal lamina of the epithelium.the epithelium.At sexual maturity, spermatogonia begin dividing by At sexual maturity, spermatogonia begin dividing by mitosis

12、, producing successive generations of cells.mitosis, producing successive generations of cells.Type AType A：dark type Adark type AAdAd ovoid, deep-stained nucleus ovoid, deep-stained nucleus pale type A pale type AApAp ovoid, pale-stained nucleus ovoid, pale-stained nucleusType BType Bspermatogonium

13、spermatogoniumType Astem cellType Astem cellType Bprogenitor cellType Bprogenitor cellspermatogoniumspermatogonium 46 46，XYXY2n DNA2n DNA primary spermatocyteprimary spermatocyteAdAd n n Ad AdAdAdApApB Bmitosismitosisprimary spermatocyteprimary spermatocyteprimary spermatocyteprimary spermatocyte1.I

14、n middle zone of the epithelium.1.In middle zone of the epithelium.2.The primary spermatocytes are the largest cells of 2.The primary spermatocytes are the largest cells of the spermatogenic lineage the spermatogenic lineaged=18 md=18 mand are and are characterized by the presence of chromosomes in

15、characterized by the presence of chromosomes in various stages of the coiling process within their various stages of the coiling process within their nuclei. nuclei.3.Since the prophase of first meiotic division takes 3.Since the prophase of first meiotic division takes about 22 days, the majority o

16、f spermatocytes seen about 22 days, the majority of spermatocytes seen in section will be in this phase. in section will be in this phase.primary spermatocyteprimary spermatocytefirstfirstmeiosismeiosis2 secondary spermatocyte2 secondary spermatocyte 23 23，X X 或或或或 23 23，Y Y2n DNA2n DNA duplicate DN

17、A duplicate DNA 46 46，XYXY4n DNA4n DNA 1. 1.near lumen, near lumen, d=d=12 12 mm2. 2.Secondary spermatocytes are Secondary spermatocytes are difficult to observe in difficult to observe in sections sections of the testis because they are short-lived of the testis because they are short-lived cells t

18、hat remain in interphase very briefly and cells that remain in interphase very briefly and quickly enter into the second meiotic division. quickly enter into the second meiotic division.2 spermatid 232 spermatid 23，X X 或或或或 23 23，Y Y1n DNA1n DNA secondary spermatocytesecondary spermatocyteno DNA syn

19、thesisno DNA synthesis 23 23，X X 或或或或 23 23，Y Y2n DNA2n DNA secondary meiosissecondary meiosissecondary spermatocytesecondary spermatocyte成熟分裂：又称减数分裂成熟分裂：又称减数分裂成熟分裂：又称减数分裂成熟分裂：又称减数分裂meiosismeiosismeiosismeiosis 1 1 1 1、成熟分裂后，生殖细胞由二倍体、成熟分裂后，生殖细胞由二倍体、成熟分裂后，生殖细胞由二倍体、成熟分裂后，生殖细胞由二倍体单倍体。单倍体。单倍体。单倍体。 2 2 2

20、 2、第一次成熟分裂前期，同源染色体联会、交叉，、第一次成熟分裂前期，同源染色体联会、交叉，、第一次成熟分裂前期，同源染色体联会、交叉，、第一次成熟分裂前期，同源染色体联会、交叉， 进行遗传基因的交换。进行遗传基因的交换。进行遗传基因的交换。进行遗传基因的交换。Close to lumen, d=Close to lumen, d=8 8 mm精子形成精子形成精子形成精子形成( ( ( (spermiogenesisspermiogenesis) ): :spermatid become into spermatozoaspermatid become into spermatozoasper

21、matidspermatidspermiogenesisspermiogenesisA complex process that a round spermatid transforms into A complex process that a round spermatid transforms into a tadpole-like spermatozoona tadpole-like spermatozoonno further division occursno further division occurs. .Spermiogenesis includes formation o

22、f the Spermiogenesis includes formation of the acrosome, condensation and elongation of the acrosome, condensation and elongation of the nucleus, development of the flagellum, formation nucleus, development of the flagellum, formation of mitochondrial sheath, and the loss of much of of mitochondrial

23、 sheath, and the loss of much of the cytoplasm.the cytoplasm.the processes of spermiogenesisthe processes of spermiogenesis：1.The nucleus becomes more condensed and elongated.1.The nucleus becomes more condensed and elongated.2.Golgi complex transforms the acrosomal vesicle, the 2.Golgi complex tran

24、sforms the acrosomal vesicle, the latter will further become into the acrosome which is latter will further become into the acrosome which is like a cap with two layer membrane. like a cap with two layer membrane.3.One of the centrioles moves to the opposite side of 3.One of the centrioles moves to

25、the opposite side of nucleus and form the flagellum nucleus and form the flagellumaxonemeaxoneme. .4.Mitochondria aggregate around the proximal part of the 4.Mitochondria aggregate around the proximal part of the flagellum, forming mitochondrial sheath. flagellum, forming mitochondrial sheath.5.Resi

26、dual cytoplasm is shed and phagocytized by Sertoli 5.Residual cytoplasm is shed and phagocytized by Sertoli cells. cells.spermiogenesisspermatozoonspermatozoonspermatozoonspermatozoonspermatozoonspermatozoonspermatozoonspermatozoonspermatozoonspermatozoonspermatozoonspermatozoonSpermatozoon: 60 m lo

27、ng Spermatozoon: 60 m long Head: condensation and elongation of nucleus Head: condensation and elongation of nucleus acrosome covers 2/3 of the nucleus anteriorly and acrosome covers 2/3 of the nucleus anteriorly and contains hydrolytic enzyme for fertilization contains hydrolytic enzyme for fertili

28、zation尾部尾部尾部尾部tail or flagellumtail or flagellum-for motility-for motility 颈段颈段颈段颈段neckneck：短，中心粒：短，中心粒：短，中心粒：短，中心粒轴丝轴丝轴丝轴丝 中段中段中段中段middle piecemiddle piece：轴丝：轴丝：轴丝：轴丝 + 9 + 9 根纵行外周致密纤维根纵行外周致密纤维根纵行外周致密纤维根纵行外周致密纤维 + + 线线线线 粒体鞘粒体鞘粒体鞘粒体鞘provide energyprovide energy 主段主段主段主段principal pieceprincipal pie

29、ce：最长，轴丝：最长，轴丝：最长，轴丝：最长，轴丝 + 9 + 9 根外周致密纤维根外周致密纤维根外周致密纤维根外周致密纤维 + + 纤维鞘纤维鞘纤维鞘纤维鞘fibrous sheathfibrous sheath调整精子尾摆动平面调整精子尾摆动平面调整精子尾摆动平面调整精子尾摆动平面 末段末段末段末段end pieceend piece：轴丝：轴丝：轴丝：轴丝生精过程中，由一个精原生精过程中，由一个精原生精过程中，由一个精原生精过程中，由一个精原细胞增殖分化所产生的各细胞增殖分化所产生的各细胞增殖分化所产生的各细胞增殖分化所产生的各级生精细胞，细胞质并未级生精细胞，细胞质并未级生精细胞，细

30、胞质并未级生精细胞，细胞质并未完全分开，细胞间有胞质完全分开，细胞间有胞质完全分开，细胞间有胞质完全分开，细胞间有胞质桥桥桥桥intercellular intercellular intercellular intercellular cytoplasmic bridgecytoplasmic bridgecytoplasmic bridgecytoplasmic bridge相相相相连，形成一个同步发育的连，形成一个同步发育的连，形成一个同步发育的连，形成一个同步发育的细胞群。细胞群。细胞群。细胞群。spermatogenesis定义：精原细胞定义：精原细胞定义：精原细胞定义：精原细胞精子

31、精子精子精子6464天天天天including 3 phasesincluding 3 phases： (1) (1) 精原细胞增生精原细胞增生精原细胞增生精原细胞增生-mitosis-mitosis Ad AdApApB B初级精母细胞初级精母细胞初级精母细胞初级精母细胞44+XY44+XY，4nDNA4nDNA (2) (2) 精母细胞减数分裂精母细胞减数分裂精母细胞减数分裂精母细胞减数分裂 meiosis meiosis22+X22+X和和和和22+Y22+Y，2nDNA;2nDNA; meiosis meiosis 22 +X22 +X和和和和22+Y22+Y，1nDNA1nDNA (

32、3) (3) 精子形成精子形成精子形成精子形成 无分裂，变态无分裂，变态无分裂，变态无分裂，变态精子精子精子精子22+X22+X和和和和22+Y; 1nDNA22+Y; 1nDNAspermatogenesisspermiogenesisSustentacular cellSustentacular cellSertoli cellSertoli cellsustentacular cellsustentacular cellSertoli cellSertoli cell1. 1.columnar or pyramidal cellcolumnar or pyramidal cell2. 2

33、.rest on basal laminarest on basal lamina3. 3.the free surface reaches to lumenthe free surface reaches to lumen4. 4.no clear boundaryno clear boundary5. 5.elongated nucleus: triangular, ovoid, paler-elongated nucleus: triangular, ovoid, paler- stained, with prominent nucleolus stained, with promine

34、nt nucleolus6. 6.spermatogenic cells locate b/w adjacent cellsspermatogenic cells locate b/w adjacent cellssustentacular cellsustentacular cellSertoli cellSertoli cellEMEM：sERsER、GolgiGolgi、rERrER、线粒体、溶酶体、微管、微丝。线粒体、溶酶体、微管、微丝。线粒体、溶酶体、微管、微丝。线粒体、溶酶体、微管、微丝。相邻支持细胞侧面近基部的胞膜形成相邻支持细胞侧面近基部的胞膜形成相邻支持细胞侧面近基部的胞膜形

35、成相邻支持细胞侧面近基部的胞膜形成紧密连接紧密连接紧密连接紧密连接。1. 1. 基底室基底室基底室基底室basal basal compartmentcompartment2. 2. 近腔室近腔室近腔室近腔室abluminal abluminal compartmentcompartmentsustentacular cellSertoli cell血血血血- - - -睾屏障睾屏障睾屏障睾屏障blood-testis barrierblood-testis barrierblood-testis barrierblood-testis barriercomponentscomponents：

36、endothelium of capillaryendothelium of capillary basal lamina of capillary basal lamina of capillary connective tissue connective tissue basal lamina of seminiferous tubule basal lamina of seminiferous tubule tight junction between the sertoli celltight junction between the sertoli cell functionfunc

37、tion：1. 1.separate germ cells from immune system & separate germ cells from immune system & prevent auto-immune reaction. prevent auto-immune reaction. 2. 2. prevent some physical & chemical factors prevent some physical & chemical factors from damaging germ cells, e.g. radiation, from damaging germ

38、 cells, e.g. radiation, body temperature, infection body temperature, infectionLocated between the seminiferous tubule and blood.Located between the seminiferous tubule and blood.blood-testis barrierblood-testis barrier1.support, protect, & nourish spermatogenic cells1.support, protect, & nourish sp

39、ermatogenic cells2.phagocytize & digest the residual bodies2.phagocytize & digest the residual bodies3.secrete fluid to help the sperm moving3.secrete fluid to help the sperm moving4.synthesize & secrete ABP FSH4.synthesize & secrete ABP FSH Androgen Binding ProteinAndrogen Binding Protein ABP combi

40、nes androgen in seminiferous tubule to ABP combines androgen in seminiferous tubule to stimulate spermatogenesis stimulate spermatogenesis functionfunctionsustentacular cellsustentacular cellSertoli cellSertoli cell5. 5.secrete inhibin and activinsecrete inhibin and activin suppresses synthesis and

41、release of FSH in the suppresses synthesis and release of FSH in the anterior pituitary gland anterior pituitary gland6. 6.secrete the antimllerian hormone which promotes secrete the antimllerian hormone which promotes regression of the mllerian regression of the mllerian ( ( paramesonephricparameso

42、nephric ) ) duct during embryonic development duct during embryonic development 7. 7.tight junctiontight junction-blood-testis barrierblood-testis barrier8. 8.gap junctiongap junction-provide ionic and chemical coupling provide ionic and chemical coupling of the cells of the cellsfunctionfunctionsus

43、tentacular cellsustentacular cellSertoli cellSertoli celltubulus rectus and rete testistubulus rectus and rete testistubulus rectustubulus rectus：生精小管近睾丸纵隔处变成短而细的直行管道，：生精小管近睾丸纵隔处变成短而细的直行管道，：生精小管近睾丸纵隔处变成短而细的直行管道，：生精小管近睾丸纵隔处变成短而细的直行管道， 管壁上皮为单层立方或矮柱状，无生精细胞。管壁上皮为单层立方或矮柱状，无生精细胞。管壁上皮为单层立方或矮柱状，无生精细胞。管壁上皮为单

44、层立方或矮柱状，无生精细胞。rete testisrete testis：直精小管进入睾丸纵隔内分支吻合成网状的管道，：直精小管进入睾丸纵隔内分支吻合成网状的管道，：直精小管进入睾丸纵隔内分支吻合成网状的管道，：直精小管进入睾丸纵隔内分支吻合成网状的管道， 由单层立方上皮组成，管腔大而不规那么。由单层立方上皮组成，管腔大而不规那么。由单层立方上皮组成，管腔大而不规那么。由单层立方上皮组成，管腔大而不规那么。精子精子精子精子附附附附睾睾睾睾interstitial cellsinterstitial cellsLeydig cellsLeydig cells睾丸间质睾丸间质睾丸间质睾丸间质tes

45、ticular interstitiumtesticular interstitiumThe spaces between the seminiferous The spaces between the seminiferous tubules in the testis are filled with tubules in the testis are filled with connective tissue, nerves, blood, and connective tissue, nerves, blood, and lymphatic vessels.lymphatic vesse

46、ls.睾丸间质细胞睾丸间质细胞睾丸间质细胞睾丸间质细胞testicular interstitial cells, Leydig cellstesticular interstitial cells, Leydig cellsLMLM：in groups & near BVin groups & near BV large, round or polygonal-shaped large, round or polygonal-shaped acidophilic cytoplasm acidophilic cytoplasm round nucleus with prominent nucl

47、eolus round nucleus with prominent nucleolusEMEM：Have the characteristics of steroid-Have the characteristics of steroid- secreting cells secreting cells abundant sER, tubular cristae Mit., abundant sER, tubular cristae Mit., lipid droplets, rod-shaped crystalloids. lipid droplets, rod-shaped crysta

48、lloids.StructureStructure：testicular interstitial cell, Leydig celltesticular interstitial cell, Leydig cellWhich is responsible for spermatogenesis, the Which is responsible for spermatogenesis, the development and differentiation of the male development and differentiation of the male reproductive

49、 organs, maintenance of the secondary reproductive organs, maintenance of the secondary sex characteristics and the sexual function.sex characteristics and the sexual function.LHLHICSHICSHsecrete androgensecrete androgentestosteronetestosteroneFunctionFunction：Regulation of testicular functionRegula

50、tion of testicular function 下丘脑 GnRH 腺垂体远侧部 FSH LHICSH 支持细胞 间质细胞 抑制素 激活素 ABP 雄激素睾丸功能的内分泌调节睾丸功能的内分泌调节睾丸功能的内分泌调节睾丸功能的内分泌调节精子发生精子发生精子发生精子发生与抑制素相反与抑制素相反与抑制素相反与抑制素相反生殖管道生殖管道生殖管道生殖管道genital ductsgenital ducts附睾附睾附睾附睾epididymisepididymis：暂存、营养精子，促进精子成熟：暂存、营养精子，促进精子成熟：暂存、营养精子，促进精子成熟：暂存、营养精子，促进精子成熟 head head

51、 输出小管输出小管输出小管输出小管efferent ductefferent duct body body tail tail输精管输精管输精管输精管ductus deferensductus deferens射精管射精管射精管射精管ejaculatory ductejaculatory duct尿道尿道尿道尿道urethraurethragenital ductsgenital ducts transport and nourish the sperm transport and nourish the sperm附睾管附睾管附睾管附睾管epididymal ductepididymal d

52、uctefferent duct and efferent duct and epididymal ductepididymal duct高柱状纤毛细胞：分泌功能、游离面纤毛高柱状纤毛细胞：分泌功能、游离面纤毛高柱状纤毛细胞：分泌功能、游离面纤毛高柱状纤毛细胞：分泌功能、游离面纤毛推动精子移动推动精子移动推动精子移动推动精子移动低柱状无纤毛细胞：胞质中含大量溶酶体及吞饮小泡低柱状无纤毛细胞：胞质中含大量溶酶体及吞饮小泡低柱状无纤毛细胞：胞质中含大量溶酶体及吞饮小泡低柱状无纤毛细胞：胞质中含大量溶酶体及吞饮小泡 消化、吸收腔内物质消化、吸收腔内物质消化、吸收腔内物质消化、吸收腔内物质effere

53、nt ductefferent duct：管腔不规那么，单层纤毛柱状上皮：管腔不规那么，单层纤毛柱状上皮：管腔不规那么，单层纤毛柱状上皮：管腔不规那么，单层纤毛柱状上皮epididymal ductepididymal duct：管腔规那么，腔内充满精子和分泌：管腔规那么，腔内充满精子和分泌：管腔规那么，腔内充满精子和分泌：管腔规那么，腔内充满精子和分泌物物物物假复层静纤毛假复层静纤毛假复层静纤毛假复层静纤毛stereo ciliumstereo ciliumstereo ciliumstereo cilium柱状上皮柱状上皮柱状上皮柱状上皮-吸收、分泌吸收、分泌吸收、分泌吸收、分泌主细胞、基

54、细胞、顶细胞、窄细胞、亮细胞、晕细胞主细胞、基细胞、顶细胞、窄细胞、亮细胞、晕细胞主细胞、基细胞、顶细胞、窄细胞、亮细胞、晕细胞主细胞、基细胞、顶细胞、窄细胞、亮细胞、晕细胞基膜基膜基膜基膜薄层平滑肌：收缩有助于精子移动薄层平滑肌：收缩有助于精子移动薄层平滑肌：收缩有助于精子移动薄层平滑肌：收缩有助于精子移动疏松结缔组织：富含血管疏松结缔组织：富含血管疏松结缔组织：富含血管疏松结缔组织：富含血管epididymisepididymis共同点：共同点：共同点：共同点：精子在附睾内停留精子在附睾内停留精子在附睾内停留精子在附睾内停留 8-17 8-17 8-17 8-17 天，获得运动能力，到达功

55、能天，获得运动能力，到达功能天，获得运动能力，到达功能天，获得运动能力，到达功能上成熟。上成熟。上成熟。上成熟。 1 1 1 1、雄激素、雄激素、雄激素、雄激素 2 2 2 2、附睾上皮细胞：分泌肉毒碱、甘油磷酸胆碱、附睾上皮细胞：分泌肉毒碱、甘油磷酸胆碱、附睾上皮细胞：分泌肉毒碱、甘油磷酸胆碱、附睾上皮细胞：分泌肉毒碱、甘油磷酸胆碱 和唾液酸等。和唾液酸等。和唾液酸等。和唾液酸等。 3 3 3 3、血、血、血、血- - - -附睾屏障附睾屏障附睾屏障附睾屏障blood-epididymis barrierblood-epididymis barrierblood-epididymis bar

56、rierblood-epididymis barrier 以主细胞近腔面的紧密连接为主要结构以主细胞近腔面的紧密连接为主要结构以主细胞近腔面的紧密连接为主要结构以主细胞近腔面的紧密连接为主要结构 (1) (1) (1) (1) 保护成熟中的精子不受外界的干扰保护成熟中的精子不受外界的干扰保护成熟中的精子不受外界的干扰保护成熟中的精子不受外界的干扰 (2) (2) (2) (2) 防止精子抗原物质逸出附睾管外而引发自防止精子抗原物质逸出附睾管外而引发自防止精子抗原物质逸出附睾管外而引发自防止精子抗原物质逸出附睾管外而引发自 身免疫反响。身免疫反响。身免疫反响。身免疫反响。为壁厚腔小的肌性管道为壁

57、厚腔小的肌性管道为壁厚腔小的肌性管道为壁厚腔小的肌性管道mucosamucosa： 上皮：假复层柱状静纤毛上皮：假复层柱状静纤毛上皮：假复层柱状静纤毛上皮：假复层柱状静纤毛 固有层固有层固有层固有层muscular layermuscular layer： 内纵、中环、外纵内纵、中环、外纵内纵、中环、外纵内纵、中环、外纵 射精时，肌层强力收缩，射精时，肌层强力收缩，射精时，肌层强力收缩，射精时，肌层强力收缩， 将精子快速排出将精子快速排出将精子快速排出将精子快速排出adventitiaadventitia：LCTLCTductus deferensductus deferens附属腺和生殖管道

58、的分泌物附属腺和生殖管道的分泌物附属腺和生殖管道的分泌物附属腺和生殖管道的分泌物精浆精浆精浆精浆精浆精浆精浆精浆 + + 精子精子精子精子精液精液精液精液semensemen每次射精射出每次射精射出每次射精射出每次射精射出 35ml 35ml 精液，含精液，含精液，含精液，含 1 1 亿亿亿亿 2 2 亿个精子亿个精子亿个精子亿个精子/ ml / ml 精液精液精液精液假设假设假设假设 400 400 万个精子万个精子万个精子万个精子/ ml / ml 精液精液精液精液 精液量精液量精液量精液量 1 ml 1 ml 男性不育男性不育男性不育男性不育 精子活力低下精子活力低下精子活力低下精子活力

59、低下前列腺前列腺前列腺前列腺prostateprostate精囊精囊精囊精囊seminal vesicleseminal vesicle尿道球腺尿道球腺尿道球腺尿道球腺bulbourethral glandbulbourethral gland附属腺附属腺附属腺附属腺accessory genital glandsaccessory genital glands呈栗形，环绕于尿道起始段。呈栗形，环绕于尿道起始段。呈栗形，环绕于尿道起始段。呈栗形，环绕于尿道起始段。prostate腺实质：腺实质：腺实质：腺实质： 黏膜腺黏膜腺黏膜腺黏膜腺mucosal glandsmucosal glandsm

60、ucosal glandsmucosal glands 黏膜下腺黏膜下腺黏膜下腺黏膜下腺submucosal glandssubmucosal glandssubmucosal glandssubmucosal glands 主腺主腺主腺主腺main glandsmain glandsmain glandsmain glands间质：结缔组织被膜：富含弹性纤维和平滑肌间质：结缔组织被膜：富含弹性纤维和平滑肌间质：结缔组织被膜：富含弹性纤维和平滑肌间质：结缔组织被膜：富含弹性纤维和平滑肌实质：腺泡：实质：腺泡：实质：腺泡：实质：腺泡：Glandular epithelium is columna

61、r, cuboidalGlandular epithelium is columnar, cuboidal or pseudostratified. or pseudostratified. 前列腺凝固体前列腺凝固体前列腺凝固体前列腺凝固体prostatic concretionprostatic concretion：腔内分：腔内分：腔内分：腔内分 泌物浓缩形成的圆形嗜酸性板层状小体，随年泌物浓缩形成的圆形嗜酸性板层状小体，随年泌物浓缩形成的圆形嗜酸性板层状小体，随年泌物浓缩形成的圆形嗜酸性板层状小体，随年 龄的增长而增多，甚至钙化为前列腺结石。龄的增长而增多，甚至钙化为前列腺结石。龄的增长

62、而增多，甚至钙化为前列腺结石。龄的增长而增多，甚至钙化为前列腺结石。 导管导管导管导管prostateprostateConsist of compound glands around the urethra, Consist of compound glands around the urethra, CT and smooth musclesCT and smooth musclesprostateprostate青春期开始，在雄激素作用下分泌稀薄的乳白色青春期开始，在雄激素作用下分泌稀薄的乳白色青春期开始，在雄激素作用下分泌稀薄的乳白色青春期开始，在雄激素作用下分泌稀薄的乳白色液体，富含

63、酸性磷酸酶、纤维蛋白溶酶、柠檬酸、液体，富含酸性磷酸酶、纤维蛋白溶酶、柠檬酸、液体，富含酸性磷酸酶、纤维蛋白溶酶、柠檬酸、液体，富含酸性磷酸酶、纤维蛋白溶酶、柠檬酸、锌等。老年时的前列腺肥大，是粘膜腺和粘膜下锌等。老年时的前列腺肥大，是粘膜腺和粘膜下锌等。老年时的前列腺肥大，是粘膜腺和粘膜下锌等。老年时的前列腺肥大，是粘膜腺和粘膜下腺增生所致。腺增生所致。腺增生所致。腺增生所致。Benign hypertrophy of prostate can lead to Benign hypertrophy of prostate can lead to obstruction of the uret

64、hra.obstruction of the urethra.Prostate cancer developes in main glandsProstate cancer developes in main glandsVIAGRAVIAGRAvigorvigorSummarySummary The male reproductive system is composed of the The male reproductive system is composed of the testes, genital ducts, accessory glands and penis.testes

65、, genital ducts, accessory glands and penis. The testis is a dual-function gland, since functionally The testis is a dual-function gland, since functionally it is both exocrine and endocrine. Its exocrine product it is both exocrine and endocrine. Its exocrine product is chiefly the sex cells or gam

66、etesis chiefly the sex cells or gametes ( ( spermsperm ) ), and thus , and thus the testis may be refered to as a cytogenic gland. Its the testis may be refered to as a cytogenic gland. Its endocrine product is the male sex hormone, endocrine product is the male sex hormone, testosterone, which stim

67、ulates the accessory male testosterone, which stimulates the accessory male sexual organs and causes the development of the sexual organs and causes the development of the masculine extragenital sex characteristics.masculine extragenital sex characteristics.SummarySummary The genital ducts include t

68、he epididymis, ductus The genital ducts include the epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts and urethra, which deferens, ejaculatory ducts and urethra, which store and conduct the sperm.store and conduct the sperm. The accessory glands, i.g. the seminal vesicles, The accessory glands, i.g. th

69、e seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands, supply their prostate and bulbourethral glands, supply their secretions which, together with the sperm, form secretions which, together with the sperm, form the semen. The penis is a copulative organ. the semen. The penis is a copulative organ.