第五章分译与合译vBy Xu XiaomeivNovember, 2013 Teaching ObjectivesvTo learn translation skills of division and combination Division and Combinationv英译汉时，如果一个英语句子不能用一个汉语单句清楚地表达出来，我们可以把原句拆开，用两个或两个以上汉语单句来表达，这叫做分译分译(Division). v1) So I swam and, presumably because of the long absence of foreigners from Sichuan, before an undeservedly large and enthusiastic audience.v于于是是我我就就下下水水游游泳泳了了；；大大概概在在四四川川省省人人们们很很久久没没见见过过外外国国人人了了，，所所以以我我游游泳泳时时，，旁旁边边有有一一大大群群热热心心的的观观众众；；而而单单凭凭我我的的游游泳泳技技术术是是不不配配引引来这样一大群观众的来这样一大群观众的。
v2) When someone asks me what business I am in, I become embarrassed. I stutter and stammer. My face feels hot.v 当当有有人人问问我我从从事事什什么么职职业业时时，，我我感感到到很很尴尴尬尬，，脸发烫，结结巴巴地难以启齿脸发烫，结结巴巴地难以启齿 vI．分译法的使用．分译法的使用vA．单词的分译．单词的分译v 将将原原文文中中的的一一个个单单词词分分离离出出来来单单独独译译为为汉汉语语的的一一个个句句子子，，使使原原文文的的一一个个句句子子分分译译成成两两个个以以上的汉语单句可能进行分译的单词有：上的汉语单句可能进行分译的单词有：v(1)形容词形容词 v3) He is having an identifiable trouble with his teeth.v 他正患牙病，他正患牙病，这是大家都看得出来的这是大家都看得出来的v4) The day dawned misty and overcast.v 那天天亮时那天天亮时雾气很重，天上布满乌云雾气很重，天上布满乌云。
v5) As a shy young visitor to Einstein’s home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said,” I have something to show you.”v 小小时时候候有有一一次次去去爱爱因因斯斯坦坦家家作作客客，，由由于于我我很很腼腼腆腆，，他他就就对对我我说说：：“我我有有样样东东西西给给你你看看于于是我便感到不拘束了是我便感到不拘束了 v(2)副词副词v6) Frankly, are you interested in going?v 你说实话你说实话，有兴趣吗？，有兴趣吗？v7) Not surprisingly, those who were praised improved dramatically.v 那些受到表扬的人进步显著那些受到表扬的人进步显著，这是不足为怪的，这是不足为怪的 v8) Characterically, Mr. Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned.v哈哈罗罗德德先先生生没没有有表表露露自自己己的的感感情情，，只只是是察察言言观观色色，，心心领神会。
领神会这是他的性格这是他的性格v9) The year began auspiciously with good trade figures for January.v一月的贸易额不错，今年一开始就有好兆头一月的贸易额不错，今年一开始就有好兆头 v（（3）动词）动词v10) We recognize and share China’s resolve to resist the attempts of any nation which seeks to establish global or regional hegemony.v我我们们认认识识到到中中国国决决心心抵抵抗抗任任何何国国家家寻寻求求建建立立全全球球霸霸权和地区霸权的企图，权和地区霸权的企图，我们也有这样的决心我们也有这样的决心 v（（4）名词）名词v11)She left home a child and came back a mother of three children.v离离家家时时她她还还是是个个孩孩子子，，回回来来时时已已是是三三个个孩孩子子的的妈妈了 v12) As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity.v作作为为新新型型飞飞机机的的训训练练基基地地，，这这是是一一个个非非常常理理想想的的地地方方；；因因为为它它地地处处边边陲陲，，人人们们不不容容易易了了解解其其中中的的活动。
活动 vB．短语分译．短语分译v将将原原文文中中的的一一个个短短语语译译为为一一个个句句子子，，使使原原文文的的一一个个句句子子分分译译成成两两个个或或两两个个以以上上的的汉汉语语句句子子可能进行分译的短语有：可能进行分译的短语有：v （（1）分词短语）分词短语 v13) He was dressed, sitting by the fire, looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years.v 他他已已穿穿好好衣衣服服，，坐坐在在火火炉炉旁旁这这个个9岁岁的的男男孩孩看看上上去去病得很厉害，一副可怜巴巴的模样病得很厉害，一副可怜巴巴的模样 v14) He handed me my draft of the plan completely modified.v他把我的计划草案交还了我，他把我的计划草案交还了我，内容全改动了内容全改动了 v（（2）介词短语）介词短语v15)The fire started during the workmen’s dinner hour.v工人们吃饭时工人们吃饭时，发生了火灾发生了火灾。
v16) With all his faults, I like him.v尽管他有种种缺点尽管他有种种缺点，我还是喜欢他我还是喜欢他 v（（3）名词短语）名词短语v17) Alice, normally a timid girl, argued heatedly with them about it.v 阿阿丽丽丝丝平平时时是是个个腼腼腆腆的的姑姑娘娘，，现现在在也也和和他他们们热热烈地辩论起来烈地辩论起来 v18) You should consult your advisor, Dr. John H. Olson, Room 125D Science Wing, Phone 715 232-2604, concerning the planning of your program.v你你应应找找你你的的指指导导教教师师约约翰翰.H.奥奥尔尔森森博博士士商商量量你你的的计计划划他他在在理理科科侧侧楼楼125D房房间间，，电话是是715232-2604 vC．长句分译．长句分译v 长长句句分分译译这这里里主主要要是是指指将将含含有有一一个个或或多多个个定定语语从句的英语长句分译为两个或多个汉语句子。
从句的英语长句分译为两个或多个汉语句子v19) But underneath the sympathetic talk, they actually feel a little wistful envy of the men who brave the winds, rain, snow, cold, and storms upon the restless water.v 然然而而，，在在这这种种富富于于同同情情的的闲闲聊聊下下面面，，他他们们实实际际上上都都有有着着一一种种强强烈烈的的羡羡慕慕之之情情；；他他们们羡羡慕慕那那些些在在惊涛骇浪中搏风斗雨、傲雪顶寒的人们惊涛骇浪中搏风斗雨、傲雪顶寒的人们 v20) A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t.v一一位位年年轻轻女女士士与与一一位位少少校校展展开开了了热热烈烈的的讨讨论论。
年年轻轻女女士士认认为为，，妇妇女女已已经经有有所所进进步步，，不不再再像像过过去去那那样样一一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上，少校则不以为然见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上，少校则不以为然 v21) We have nothing to do with David Swan until we find him at the age of twenty on the main road from his home to the City of Boston where his uncle, a businessman, is going to give him work in the store which he owns.v我我们们与与戴戴维维.斯斯旺旺本本来来毫毫无无关关系系直直到到有有一一天天，，我我们们见见到到20岁岁的的他他离离家家上上了了大大路路，，去去波波士士顿顿他他舅舅舅舅家家他他舅舅舅舅是是做做生生意意的的，，开开了了个个店店，，安安排排他他去去那里做事那里做事v vII．合译法的使用．合译法的使用v 所所谓谓合合译译法法就就是是把把结结构构松松散散的的句句子子合合并并到到一一起起，，按按照照译译语语习习惯惯加加以以构构句句的的一一种种翻翻译译方方法法。
一一般般说说来来，，英英文文行行文文严严谨谨，，翻翻译译成成中中文文多多用用分分译译，，而而中中文文行行云云流流水水，，翻翻译译成成英英语语多多用用合合译译但但这这只只是是一一般般规规律律，，在在实实际际翻翻译译过过程程中中，，要要应应势势而而异异，，根根据据具具体体情情况况需需要要而而定定合合译主要有以下两种情况：译主要有以下两种情况： 1.合并简单句合并简单句v A. 将将两两个个或或两两个个以以上上的的英英语语简简单单句句合合译译为为一一个个汉汉语语单句单句v1) It was 2 a.m. on a hot August night. In a San Francisco suburb, a man staggered out of a bar.v 一一个个炎炎热热的的8月月夜夜晚晚凌凌晨晨两两点点钟钟，，在在旧旧金金山山郊郊区区，，有个人摇摇晃晃的走出酒吧间有个人摇摇晃晃的走出酒吧间 v2) People are the same everywhere. They are born. They are babies. They are children. They are adults. They grow old. They die.v各各地地的的人人都都是是一一样样的的。
人人们们生生下下来来都都要要经经历历从从婴婴儿儿、、儿儿童童、、成成年年人人直直至至衰衰老老死死亡亡的的各各个个人人生生阶段v3) This novel is of no great literary merit. It is merely a pot-boiler.v这部小说纯属胡编乱造，没有多大文学价值这部小说纯属胡编乱造，没有多大文学价值 v4) A man in a newish suburb feels that he has one foot in the city and one in the country. As this is the kind of compromise he likes, he is happy.v住在新郊区的人，觉得一只脚在城里，一只脚在乡住在新郊区的人，觉得一只脚在城里，一只脚在乡下，非常开心，因为这种城乡中和之地是他喜欢的下，非常开心，因为这种城乡中和之地是他喜欢的v5) They talked, they laughed, and they sat up the whole night.v他们又说又笑，通宵达旦他们又说又笑，通宵达旦v注：注： 合译时，可以充分发挥汉语标点符号的作用。
合译时，可以充分发挥汉语标点符号的作用 v 6) Young people don’t hesitate to attempt one thing after another. Eager to experiment, they welcome new ideas. They are restless and alive and never satisfied. They seek perfection.v年轻人总是不停地探索，渴求实验，乐于接受新思年轻人总是不停地探索，渴求实验，乐于接受新思想，他们有朝气，思进取，永不满足，最求完美想，他们有朝气，思进取，永不满足，最求完美v7) She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems.v她很有才智，雄心勃勃，工作努力，还善于解决问她很有才智，雄心勃勃，工作努力，还善于解决问题 vB. 将将两两个个或或两两个个以以上上的的英英语语简简单单句句合合译译为为汉汉语语的的一一个联合复句个联合复句v8) Pitcher was a quiet man. He didn’t usually let his face show his feelings.v皮切尔不爱说话，也不轻易在脸上显露喜怒哀乐。
皮切尔不爱说话，也不轻易在脸上显露喜怒哀乐 2.合并并列句合并并列句v 将英语的并列句合译为汉语单句将英语的并列句合译为汉语单句v9））Her dress was grey and plain, but it fitted her body nicely.v她一身素装简单而合身她一身素装简单而合身v10））He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.v他喜欢热情文雅的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥他喜欢热情文雅的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥 3.合并复合句合并复合句v 将英语的主从复合句译合并译为汉语单句将英语的主从复合句译合并译为汉语单句v11) That’s the only thing we can do now.v目前我们只能这样做目前我们只能这样做v12) That’s why you should put one item of information on each of information card.v因而每张资料卡上只应记一条资料。
因而每张资料卡上只应记一条资料v13) When we praise her, we are not merely being polite.v我们对她的赞扬不仅仅出于礼貌我们对她的赞扬不仅仅出于礼貌 v14））Many people have married whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha’s. v许多条件远不如玛莎的人都已结了婚许多条件远不如玛莎的人都已结了婚v15）只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了vA glance at this letter will convince you that you have been taken in.v16) 还是热，心里可镇定多了还是热，心里可镇定多了 凉风，即使是一点凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望点，给了人们许多希望vIt was still hot but everyone felt much better, for the breeze, though slight, brought them hope. Practice 1vI was slow to understand the deep grievances of woman. This was because, as a boy, I had envied them. (p. 94 E-C)vI wasn’t an enemy, in fact or in feeling. I was an ally. (p.93 E-C)vWhen Strauss ran out of canvas, he wrote his two brothers to send more. He received instead a tough, brown cotton cloth made in Nimes (尼姆), ‘France…(p. 93 E-C) Practice 2vTranslate the following sentences:v1) We have decided to place a trial order for the following on the terms stated in your letter. v2) It is already dark, and the chorus of insects and frogs is in full swing.v3) Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building. v4) Please let us know if our terms are acceptable. v5) We are especially thankful to you for arranging the meeting for us with the Machinery Trading Delegation at such short notice.v6)The question of United States arms sales to Taiwan was not settled in the course of negotiations between the two countries (US & China) on establishing diplomatic relations. Keyv1) We have decided to place a trial order for the following on the terms stated in your letter. v根据来函条款，我公司决定试订试订下列货物。
v2) It is already dark, and the chorus of insects and frogs is in full swing.v天已经擦黑，虫鸣蛙噪虫鸣蛙噪，一片喧闹一片喧闹v3) Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building.v他们沿着大街走，经过经过许多商店，穿过穿过一个大广场，然后进入了一座大厦 v4) Please let us know if our terms are acceptable.v请告是否接受我方条款请告是否接受我方条款v5) We are especially thankful to you for arranging the meeting for us with the Machinery Trading Delegation at such short notice.v我们特别感谢你们在时间那么短促的情况下安排我们特别感谢你们在时间那么短促的情况下安排我们与机械交易团会见我们与机械交易团会见。
v v6)The question of United States arms sales to Taiwan was not settled in the course of negotiations between the two countries (US & China) on establishing diplomatic relations.v美国向台湾当局出售武器的问题在两国谈判建交的过程中没有得到解决解决 In-class practicev1. Most prisons are the kind of place you’d be desperate to escape from, not somewhere you’d possibly conceive of escaping to.v大部分的监狱都是人们拼命想要逃离的地方，而不大部分的监狱都是人们拼命想要逃离的地方，而不会是你想要逃去的好地方会是你想要逃去的好地方v v2. But this former Oxford prison has been converted into a boutique hotel by the fashionable Malmaison chain and offers the kind of luxurious living that former convicts could only have dreamed of.不过这座维多利亚时期的监狱被时尚的玛拉玛逊酒不过这座维多利亚时期的监狱被时尚的玛拉玛逊酒店连锁改建成了一座精品酒店，提供着豪华舒适的店连锁改建成了一座精品酒店，提供着豪华舒适的住宿环境，这应该是以前的那些犯人做梦也想不到住宿环境，这应该是以前的那些犯人做梦也想不到的吧。
的吧 v3. Rates: Double room £140 (US$233), suite from £195, duplex suite from £250, executive suite £350. Breakfast £12.95.v房价：双人间房价：双人间140英镑，套间英镑，套间195英镑，双层套间英镑，双层套间250英镑，商务套房英镑，商务套房350英镑，早餐英镑，早餐12.95英镑v v4. The lodge can accommodate two couples and is kitted out with showers, a microwave and a fridge.这座小屋可以招待两对夫妇，小屋这座小屋可以招待两对夫妇，小屋配备配备有淋浴设备、有淋浴设备、微波炉和冰箱微波炉和冰箱 v5. The real attraction are the fish; the lodge is like a goldfish bowl in reverse, where you sit and watch angelfish, parrotfish, barracuda and snappers peering in at you through the window.v真正吸引眼球的地方是各种各样的鱼。
住在小屋里真正吸引眼球的地方是各种各样的鱼住在小屋里就像你待在金鱼缸里一样，静静地坐着，你可以看就像你待在金鱼缸里一样，静静地坐着，你可以看到到神仙鱼神仙鱼、鹦嘴鱼、梭鱼和鲷鱼透过窗户偷窥你哦鹦嘴鱼、梭鱼和鲷鱼透过窗户偷窥你哦 v6. The drainpipes are two meters in diameter and two and a half meters long, with a porthole to look out of, a front door to close and a cozy nest to snuggle into, which includes a low-slung futon, bedside lamp, woolly blanket and light sleeping bag.这些排水管直径有这些排水管直径有2米，米，2.5米长，可以通过一个舷米长，可以通过一个舷窗看到外面有一个前门可以关上，还有一个舒适窗看到外面有一个前门可以关上，还有一个舒适的窝可以的窝可以蜷缩着躺进去蜷缩着躺进去管道房间里还有管道房间里还有床垫床垫、床、床头灯、羊毛毯和一个轻便的睡袋。
头灯、羊毛毯和一个轻便的睡袋 v7. It’s novel, it’s bold, and the best part is that you pay as much, or as little, as you want.这是新奇也是大胆的想法最好的地方是：你想付这是新奇也是大胆的想法最好的地方是：你想付多少钱就付多少钱，价格你说了算多少钱就付多少钱，价格你说了算 v她婆婆挑起她与丈夫间的不和她婆婆挑起她与丈夫间的不和vHer mother-in-law drove a wedge between her and her husband.v盛气凌人的，以恩人态度自居的patronizing v我对他没感觉I don’t have the chemistry about him. v我想追求她I'm trying to make a pass at her. 。